1
|
Xu Y, Tang L, Zhou C, Sun L, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Xia S, Bao X, Yang H, Xu Y. Inhibition of ADORA3 promotes microglial phagocytosis and alleviates chronic ischemic white matter injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14742. [PMID: 38715283 PMCID: PMC11076989 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine A3 receptor (ADORA3) belongs to the adenosine receptor families and the role of ADORA3 in vascular dementia (VaD) is largely unexplored. The present study sought to determine the therapeutic role of ADORA3 antagonist in a mouse model of VaD. METHODS The GSE122063 dataset was selected to screen the differential expression genes and pathways between VaD patients and controls. A mouse model of bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) was established. The cognitive functions were examined by the novel object recognition test, Y maze test, and fear of conditioning test. The white matter injury (WMI) was examined by 9.4 T MRI, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The mechanisms of ADORA3-regulated phagocytosis by microglia were examined using qPCR, western blot, dual immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression of ADORA3 was elevated in brain tissues of VaD patients and ADORA3 was indicated as a key gene for VaD in the GSE122063. In BCAS mice, the expression of ADORA3 was predominantly elevated in microglia in the corpus callosum. ADORA3 antagonist promotes microglial phagocytosis to myelin debris by facilitating cAMP/PKA/p-CREB pathway and thereby ameliorates WMI and cognitive impairment in BCAS mice. The therapeutic effect of ADORA3 antagonist was partially reversed by the inhibition of the cAMP/PKA pathway. CONCLUSIONS ADORA3 antagonist alleviates chronic ischemic WMI by modulating myelin clearance of microglia, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of VaD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Limoran Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Yujie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical DiseasesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Clinical Medical CenterNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rezzonico Jost T, Lozito A, Mangani D, Raimondi A, Klinger F, Morone D, Klinger M, Grassi F, Vinci V. CD304 + adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell abundance in autologous fat grafts highly correlates with improvement of localized pain syndromes. Pain 2024; 165:811-819. [PMID: 37943081 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Surgery, burns or surgery-free accident are leading causes of scars with altered tissue consistency, a reduced degree of motion and pain. Autologous fat grafting can dramatically improve tissue consistency and elasticity but less frequently results in the reduction of pain. Therefore, we analyzed different cell populations present within the adipose tissue to be engrafted and correlated them with the reduction of pain after surgery. Here, we identify a population of CD3 - CD4 - CD304 + cells present in grafted adipose tissue, whose abundance highly correlates with pain improvement shortly after surgery ( r2 = 0.7243****) as well as persistently over time (3 months later: r2 = 0.6277****, 1 year later: r2 = 0.5346***, and 4 years later: r2 = 0.5223***). These cells are characterized by the absence of the hematopoietic marker CD45, whereas they express CD90 and CD34, which characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); the concomitant presence of CD10 and CD73 in the plasma membrane supports a function of these cells in pain reduction. We deduce that the enrichment of this adipose tissue-derived MSC subset could enhance the therapeutic properties of adipose grafts and ameliorate localized pain syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Rezzonico Jost
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Lozito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - Davide Mangani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Klinger
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marco Klinger
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine BIOMETRA, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery School, University of Milan, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valeriano Vinci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cui X, Liu J, Uniyal A, Xu Q, Zhang C, Zhu G, Yang F, Sivanesan E, Linderoth B, Raja SN, Guan Y. Enhancing spinal cord stimulation-induced pain inhibition by augmenting endogenous adenosine signalling after nerve injury in rats. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:746-757. [PMID: 38310069 PMCID: PMC10925891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to alleviate chronic pain are only partially known. We aimed to elucidate the roles of adenosine A1 and A3 receptors (A1R, A3R) in the inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission by SCS, and further explored whether 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, can potentiate SCS-induced analgesia. METHODS We used RNAscope and immunoblotting to examine the distributions of adora1 and adora3 expression, and levels of A1R and A3R proteins in the spinal cord of rats after tibial-spared nerve injury (SNI-t). Electrophysiology recording was conducted to examine how adenosine receptor antagonists, virus-mediated adora3 knockdown, and dCF affect SCS-induced inhibition of C-fibre-evoked spinal local field potential (C-LFP). RESULTS Adora1 was predominantly expressed in neurones, whereas adora3 is highly expressed in microglial cells in the rat spinal cord. Spinal application of antagonists (100 μl) of A1R (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine [DPCPX], 50 μM) and A3R (MRS1523, 200 nM) augmented C-LFP in SNI-t rats (DPCPX: 1.39 [0.18] vs vehicle: 0.98 [0.05], P=0.046; MRS1523: 1.21 [0.07] vs vehicle: 0.91 [0.03], P=0.002). Both drugs also blocked inhibition of C-LFP by SCS. Conversely, dCF (0.1 mM) enhanced SCS-induced C-LFP inhibition (dCF: 0.60 [0.04] vs vehicle: 0.85 [0.02], P<0.001). In the behaviour study, dCF (100 nmol 15 μl-1, intrathecal) also enhanced inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity by SCS in SNI-t rats. CONCLUSIONS Spinal A1R and A3R signalling can exert tonic suppression and also contribute to SCS-induced inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission after nerve injury. Inhibition of adenosine deaminase may represent a novel adjuvant pharmacotherapy to enhance SCS-induced analgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guangwu Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eellan Sivanesan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bengt Linderoth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Estivill-Torrús G, Martínez-Padilla AB, Sánchez-Salido L, Evercooren ABV, García-Díaz B. The dorsal root ganglion as a target for neurorestoration in neuropathic pain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:296-301. [PMID: 37488881 PMCID: PMC10503598 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a severe and chronic condition widely found in the general population. The reason for this is the extensive variety of damage or diseases that can spark this unpleasant constant feeling in patients. During the processing of pain, the dorsal root ganglia constitute an important region where dorsal root ganglion neurons play a crucial role in the transmission and propagation of sensory electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the dorsal root ganglia have recently exhibited a regenerative capacity that should not be neglected in the understanding of the development and resolution of neuropathic pain and in the elucidation of innovative therapies. Here, we will review the complex interplay between cells (satellite glial cells and inflammatory cells) and factors (cytokines, neurotrophic factors and genetic factors) that takes place within the dorsal root ganglia and accounts for the generation of the aberrant excitation of primary sensory neurons occurring in neuropathic pain. More importantly, we will summarize an updated view of the current pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies targeting the dorsal root ganglia for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Sánchez-Salido
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Beatriz García-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cherchi F, Venturini M, Magni G, Scortichini M, Jacobson KA, Pugliese AM, Coppi E. Covalently Binding Adenosine A 3 Receptor Agonist ICBM Irreversibly Reduces Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Currents in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:35-45. [PMID: 36918461 PMCID: PMC10828244 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest has been focused in recent years on the analgesic effects exerted by adenosine and its receptors, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, in different in vivo models of chronic pain. In particular, it was demonstrated that selective A3AR agonists reduced pro-nociceptive N-type Ca2+ channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated from rats and, by this mechanism, inhibit post inflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a previously reported irreversibly binding A3AR agonist, ICBM, on Ca2+ currents (ICa) in rat DRG neurons. Present data demonstrate that ICBM, an isothiocyanate derivative designed for covalent binding to the receptor, concentration-dependently inhibits ICa. This effect is irreversible, since it persists after drug removal, differently from the prototypical A3AR agonist, Cl-IB-MECA. ICBM pre-exposure inhibits the effect of a subsequent Cl-IB-MECA application. Thus, covalent A3AR agonists such as ICBM may represent an innovative, beneficial, and longer-lasting strategy to achieve efficacious chronic pain control versus commonly used, reversible, A3AR agonists. However, the possible limitations of this drug and other covalent drugs may be, for example, a characteristic adverse effect profile, suggesting that more pre-clinical studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy.
| | - Martina Venturini
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy
| | - Giada Magni
- Istituto Di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Scortichini
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50139, PsychologyFlorence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uniyal A, Tiwari V, Tsukamoto T, Dong X, Guan Y, Raja SN. Targeting sensory neuron GPCRs for peripheral neuropathic pain. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:1009-1027. [PMID: 37977131 PMCID: PMC10657387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of peripheral neuropathic pain (NP) conditions and significant progress in understanding its underlying mechanisms, the management of peripheral NP remains inadequate. Existing pharmacotherapies for NP act primarily on the central nervous system (CNS) and are often associated with CNS-related adverse effects, limiting their clinical effectiveness. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates that reducing the heightened activity in primary sensory neurons by targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), without activating these receptors in the CNS, relieves pain without central adverse effects. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in GPCR-mediated peripheral pain relief and discuss strategies to advance the development of more effective and safer therapies for peripheral NP by shifting from traditional CNS modulatory approaches toward selective targeting of GPCRs on primary sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U), Varanasi, India
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salmaso V, Persico M, Da Ros T, Spalluto G, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Moro S, Federico S. Pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine Scaffold as a Molecular Passepartout for the Pan-Recognition of Human Adenosine Receptors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1610. [PMID: 38002292 PMCID: PMC10669182 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are largely distributed in our organism and are promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of many pathologies. In this perspective, investigating the structural features of the ligands leading to affinity and/or selectivity is of great interest. In this work, we have focused on a small series of pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine antagonists substituted in positions 2, 5, and N8, where bulky acyl moieties at the N5 position and small alkyl groups at the N8 position are associated with affinity and selectivity at the A3 adenosine receptor even if a good affinity toward the A2B adenosine receptor has also been observed. Conversely, a free amino function at the 5 position induces high affinity at the A2A and A1 receptors with selectivity vs. the A3 subtype. A molecular modeling study suggests that differences in affinity toward A1, A2A, and A3 receptors could be ascribed to two residues: one in the EL2, E168 in human A2A/E172 in human A1, that is occupied by the hydrophobic residue V169 in the human A3 receptor; and the other in TM6, occupied by H250/H251 in human A2A and A1 receptors and by a less bulky S247 in the A3 receptor. In the end, these findings could help to design new subtype-selective adenosine receptor ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Margherita Persico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany; (S.K.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universität of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany; (S.K.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (T.D.R.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Federico S, Persico M, Trevisan L, Biasinutto C, Bolcato G, Salmaso V, Da Ros T, Gianferrara T, Prencipe F, Kachler S, Klotz KN, Pacor S, Moro S, Spalluto G. [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as Tools to Investigate A 3 Adenosine Receptors in Cancer Cell Lines. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300299. [PMID: 37675643 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor is an interesting target whose role in cancer is controversial. In this work, a structural investigation at the 2-position of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine nucleus was performed, finding new potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists such as the ethyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(methylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-8-carboxylate (20, DZ123) that showed a Ki value of 0.47 nM and an exceptional selectivity profile over the other adenosine receptor subtypes. Computational studies were performed to rationalize the affinity and the selectivity profile of the tested compounds at the A3 adenosine receptor and the A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. Compound 20 was tested on both A3 adenosine receptor positive cell lines (CHO-A3 AR transfected, THP1 and HCT16) and on A3 negative cancer cell lines, showing no effect in the latter and a pro-proliferative effect at a low concentration in the former. These interesting results pave the way to further investigation on both the mechanism involved and potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Persico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Letizia Trevisan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Biasinutto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bolcato
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Prencipe
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum -, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pacor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|