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Liu S, Li J, Feng Q, Chu L, Tan Z, Ji X, Jin P. Insecticidal Effect of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1 in Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). INSECTS 2023; 14:860. [PMID: 37999059 PMCID: PMC10672225 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest affecting various crops worldwide. However, only few studies have been conducted on the infection of A. craccivora by Lecanicillium and related insecticidal mechanisms. We investigated the infection process of A. craccivora by Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1 using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and our results indicated that the conidia of strain HK-1 easily attached to the feet and dorsum of A. craccivora. The activities of chitinase and extracellular protease were induced in the aphid after treatment with HK-1. A bioassay on A. craccivora showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the fungus crude extract was 24.00 mg mL-1 for 24 h of treatment. Additionally, the results showed that the crude extract disrupted the enzyme system of A. craccivora, inducing the inhibition of carboxylesterase (CarE) and the induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Combining these results with those of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, it is suggested that p-cymene, hymecromone, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) methyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) may be connected to the insecticidal effects we observed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of L. araneicola HK-1 as a potential biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Linglong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiqiong Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuncong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Khamis WM, Behiry SI, Marey SA, Al-Askar AA, Amer G, Heflish AA, Su Y, Abdelkhalek A, Gaber MK. Phytochemical analysis and insight into insecticidal and antifungal activities of Indian hawthorn leaf extract. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17194. [PMID: 37821483 PMCID: PMC10567697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungicides or insecticides are popular means of controlling a variety of pathogens and insect pests; however, they can cause harmful effects on both human health and the environment. Different researchers have suggested using plant extracts, which have shown promise in managing fungi and insects. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the antifungal activities of an acetone extract made from the leaves of Indian Hawthorn (HAL) against phytopathogens that are known to harm maize crops, Fusarium verticillioides (OQ820154) and Rhizoctonia solani (OQ820155), and to evaluate the insecticidal property against Aphis gossypii Glover aphid. The HAL extract demonstrated significant antifungal activity against the two fungal pathogens tested, especially at the high dose of 2000 µg/mL. Laboratory tests on the LC20 of HAL extract (61.08 mg/L) versus buprofezin 25% WP (0.0051 mg/L) were achieved on A. gossypii Glover. HAL extract diminished the nymph's production over 72 h and their total reproductive rate. This extract was like buprofezin 25% WP in decreasing the daily reproductive rate, reproductive period, and mean survival percentage. Nevertheless, the newly-born nymphs of treated females with HAL extract attained the highest reduction in survival percentage at 46.00%. Equalized prolongations on the longevity of nymphs to 9.33, 8.33, and 7 days and the total life cycle to 15.00, 14.00, and 12.67 days were realized by HAL extract, buprofezin 25% WP, and the control, respectively. The olfactory choice test on the aphids showed the minimum attraction rate to HAL extract. The HPLC of HAL extract comprised an abundance of phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, ellagic acid, and pyrogallol), and the concentrations of these compounds vary widely, with salicylic acid being the most concentrated at 25.14 mg/mL. Among the flavonoids, epicatechin has the highest concentration at 11.69 mg/mL. The HAL extract GC-MS consists of various organic compounds, including sesquiterpenes, cyclopropenes, fatty acids, steroids, alcohols, ketones, esters, bufadienolides, opioids, and other organic compounds. The most abundant compounds in the sample are n-hexadecanoic acid (12.17%), followed by 5α, 7αH, 10α-eudesm-11-en-1α-ol (9.43%), and cis-13-octadecenoic acid (5.87%). Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the HAL extract may be a viable option for plants to combat both fungal and insect infestations. This presents an encouraging prospect for utilizing a natural and sustainable approach toward long-term pest management in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Khamis
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Al-Sabhia, Alexandria, 21616, Egypt
| | - Said I Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Samy A Marey
- King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghoname Amer
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Heflish
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Yiming Su
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed K Gaber
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
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Petchidurai G, Sahayaraj K, Al-Shuraym LA, Albogami BZ, Sayed SM. Insecticidal Activity of Tannins from Selected Brown Macroalgae against the Cotton Leafhopper Amrasca devastans. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3188. [PMID: 37765352 PMCID: PMC10537709 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds, also known as marine macroalgae, are renewable biological resources that are found worldwide and possess a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including tannins. Drifted brown seaweed (DBSW) is particularly rich in tannins and is regarded as biological trash. The cotton leaf hopper Amrasca devastans (Distant) has caused both quantitative and qualitative losses in cotton production. Drifted brown seaweeds (DBSWs) were used in this study to extract, qualitatively profile, and quantify the levels of total tannins, condensed tannins, hydrolyzable tannins, and phlorotannins in the seaweeds; test their insecticidal activity; and determine the mechanism of action. The largest amount of tannin extract was found in Sargassum wightii Greville (20.62%) using the Soxhlet method (SM). Significantly higher amounts of hydrolyzable tannins (p = 0.005), soluble phlorotannins (p = 0.005), total tannins in the SM (p = 0.003), and total tannins in the cold percolation method (p = 0.005) were recorded in S. wightii. However, high levels of condensed tannins (CTAs) were observed in Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh (p = 0.004). A. devastans nymphs and adults were examined for oral toxicity (OT) and contact toxicity (CT) against DBSW tannin crude extract and column chromatographic fractions 1 (Rf = 0.86) and 2 (Rf = 0.88). Stoechospermum polypodioides (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh crude tannin was highly effective against A. devastans using the OT method (LC50, 0.044%) when compared with the standard gallic acid (LC50, 0.044%) and tannic acid (LC50, 0.122%). Similarly, S. wightii fraction 2 (LC50, 0.007%) showed a greater insecticidal effect against A. devastans adults in OT than gallic acid (LC50, 0.034%) and tannic acid (LC50, 0.022%). The mechanism of action results show that A. devastans adults treated with crude tannin of T. ornata had significantly decreased amylase, protease (p = 0.005), and invertase (p = 0.003) levels when compared with the detoxification enzymes. The levels of glycosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, esterase, lipase, invertase, and acid phosphate activities (p = 0.005) of S. wightii were reduced when compared with those of the Vijayneem and chemical pesticide Monocrotophos. In adult insects treated with LC50 concentrations of S. wightii tannin fraction 1, the total body protein (9.00 µg/µL) was significantly reduced (OT, LC50-0.019%). The SDS-PAGE analysis results also show that S. wightii tannin fraction 1 (OT and CT), fraction 2 (OT), and S. polypodioides fraction 2 (CT) had a significant effect on the total body portion level, appearance, and disappearance of some proteins and polypeptides. This study shows that the selected brown macroalgae can be utilized for the safer management of cotton leaf hoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshan Petchidurai
- Crop Protection Research Centre (CPRC), Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tirnelveli 627002, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kitherian Sahayaraj
- Crop Protection Research Centre (CPRC), Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tirnelveli 627002, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Laila A. Al-Shuraym
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Z. Albogami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Casanova LM, Macrae A, de Souza JE, Neves Junior A, Vermelho AB. The Potential of Allelochemicals from Microalgae for Biopesticides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091896. [PMID: 37176954 PMCID: PMC10181251 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in agricultural productivity are required to meet the demand of a growing world population. Phytopathogens, weeds, and insects are challenges to agricultural production. The toxicity and widespread application of persistent synthetic pesticides poses a major threat to human and ecosystem health. Therefore, sustainable strategies to control pests are essential for agricultural systems to enhance productivity within a green paradigm. Allelochemicals are a less persistent, safer, and friendly alternative to efficient pest management, as they tend to be less toxic to non-target organisms and more easily degradable. Microalgae produce a great variety of allelopathic substances whose biocontrol potential against weeds, insects, and phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria has received much attention. This review provides up-to-date information and a critical perspective on allelochemicals from microalgae and their potential as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Marques Casanova
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Sustainable Biotechnology and Microbial Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Elis de Souza
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Athayde Neves Junior
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Kumar S, Sharma U, Reddy SE. Insecticidal potential of extracts, fractions, and molecules of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall ex. Royle against aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1538-1546. [PMID: 36519419 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphis craccivora is the major sap-sucking pest of leguminous crops and vector of plant viruses that cause damage to plants and reduce yield. Indiscriminate and nonjudicious use of synthetic insecticides led to resistance development and harmful to environment. Therefore, it is important to discover plant-based lead(s) which can replace synthetic insecticides. In the current study the residual toxicity of extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds of Aconitum heterophyllum were evaluated against A. craccivora to identify lead(s) for further development of botanical formulation. RESULTS In residual contact assay, ethanolic (LC50 = 2837.17 mg L-1 ) and aqueous methanolic extracts (LC50 = 2971.59 mg L-1 ) were effective against A. craccivora. Among fractions, the n-butanol fraction of the aqueous methanolic extract (LC50 = 986.96 mg L-1 ) was found to be most effective, followed by the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic extract (LC50 = 1037.52 mg L-1 ) and the n-hexane fraction of both extracts (LC50 = 1113.85 to 1233.11 mg L-1 ). Among pure molecules, aconitic acid was found to be the most effective (68% mortality; LC50 = 1313.19 mg L-1 ) and was on a par with azadirachtin 0.15% EC (66% mortality; LC50 = 1921.10 mg L-1 ). Furthermore, from the effect of ethanoic extract on detoxification enzyme inhibition in A. craccivora we concluded that the target site of action of this extract in A. craccivora might be glutathione S-transferase. CONCLUSIONS The parent extract/fractions of A. heterophylum showed promising activity against A. craccivora. Among phytoconstituents of the active extract and fractions, aconitic acid was found to be on a par with azadirachtin 0.15% EC. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sg Eswara Reddy
- Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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Characterization of Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Extracts, Antifeedant Activities of Extracts, Fractions, Seed Oil and Isolated Compounds against Plutella xylostella (L.) and Their Effect on Detoxification Enzymes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196239. [PMID: 36234776 PMCID: PMC9573571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plutella xylostella L. is one of the world’s major pests of cruciferous crops. The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has led to insecticide resistance and resurgence, and has been harmful to non-target organisms and the environment. Botanical insecticides are the best alternatives to synthetic pesticides for the management of pests in organic agriculture and integrated management. T. sebifera is an invasive species and has good potential as an insecticide due to the availability of plant material in some parts of India. The antifeedant activities of T. sebifera have not been reported against P. xylostella and other lepidopteron insects to date. Therefore, the current study targeted the characterization of leaf and bark extracts, feeding deterrence, synergistic and detoxification enzyme activities of leaf/bark ethanolic extracts/fractions, seed oil, and isolated compounds. UHPLC-QTOF-IMS analysis showed that shikimic acid, xanthoxylin, quercetin, kaempferol, methyl gallate, and stigmasterol are common metabolites identified in leaf and bark extracts. The combination of seed oil with bark extract showed higher deterrence (DC50 = 317.10 mg/L) as compared to leaf/bark extracts alone. Gallic acid showed higher deterrence (67.48%) than kaempferol and quercetin. The n-butanol fraction of bark was more repellent (RC50 = 414.61 mg/L). Based on DC50, the seed oil with leaf extract (1:1 ratio) alone with choice and seed oil with leaf and bark extract without choice showed synergistic interaction, but seed oil with bark extract with choice showed additive interaction. The ethanol extract of leaf, bark, and seed oil inhibited GST and AChE in P. xylostella. The leaf extract and seed oil or their combinations may be recommended as antifeedants to reduce damage by P. xylostella based on persistence, antifeedant, phytotoxicity, safety to predators/parasitoids, etc., under field conditions.
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