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Liu C, Guo X, Zhang X. Modulation of atherosclerosis-related signaling pathways by Chinese herbal extracts: Recent evidence and perspectives. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2892-2930. [PMID: 38577989 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a preeminent cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The onset of atherosclerosis underpins the emergence of ischemic cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD). Its pathogenesis entails multiple factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, vascular endothelial damage, foam cell formation, and platelet activation. Furthermore, it triggers the activation of diverse signaling pathways including Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), NF-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), the Notch signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), nucleotide oligo-structural domain-like receptor thermoprotein structural domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3), silencing information regulator 2-associated enzyme 1 (Sirt1), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), Circular RNA (Circ RNA), MicroRNA (mi RNA), Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT). Over recent decades, therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis have been dominated by the utilization of high-intensity statins to reduce lipid levels, despite significant adverse effects. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of safer and more efficacious drugs and therapeutic modalities. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a vital strategy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have detailed the mechanisms through which TCM active ingredients modulate signaling molecules and influence the atherosclerotic process. This article reviews the signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the advancements in research on TCM extracts for prevention and treatment, drawing on original articles from various databases including Google Scholar, Medline, CNKI, Scopus, and Pubmed. The objective is to furnish a reference for the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxing Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xulong Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Birchfield AS, McIntosh CA. Expression and Purification of Cp3GT: Structural Analysis and Modeling of a Key Plant Flavonol-3-O Glucosyltransferase from Citrus paradisi. BIOTECH 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38390907 PMCID: PMC10885057 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are pivotal enzymes in the biosynthesis of various biological molecules. This study focuses on the scale-up, expression, and purification of a plant flavonol-specific 3-O glucosyltransferase (Cp3GT), a key enzyme from Citrus paradisi, for structural analysis and modeling. The challenges associated with recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris, such as proteolytic degradation, were addressed through the optimization of culture conditions and purification processes. The purification strategy employed affinity, anion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography, leading to greater than 95% homogeneity for Cp3GT. In silico modeling, using D-I-TASSER and COFACTOR integrated with the AlphaFold2 pipeline, provided insights into the structural dynamics of Cp3GT and its ligand binding sites, offering predictions for enzyme-substrate interactions. These models were compared to experimentally derived structures, enhancing understanding of the enzyme's functional mechanisms. The findings present a comprehensive approach to produce a highly purified Cp3GT which is suitable for crystallographic studies and to shed light on the structural basis of flavonol specificity in plant GTs. The significant implications of these results for synthetic biology and enzyme engineering in pharmaceutical applications are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Birchfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 70703, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Cecilia A McIntosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, P.O. Box 70703, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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Liu SJ, Zhong YN, Cheng ZQ, Meng N, Zhang J, Jiang CS. Discovery of Novel Marine-Derived Phidiandine/Lipoic Acid Hybrid as a Potential Anti-Atherosclerosis Agent: Design, Synthesis and in Vitro/in Vivo Evaluation. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301371. [PMID: 38069597 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel derivative, IOP-LA, was prepared by hybridizing antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) and our recently reported antioxidative marine phidianidine B-inspired indole/1,2,4-oxadiazole derivative. Our results demonstrated that IOP-LA could protect vascular endothelial cells (VECs) from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway, inhibit the production of atherosclerotic plaque, and promote the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE-/- mice. Moreover, the protective effect of IOP-LA was superior to LA at the same concentration. Mechanistic studies revealed that IOP-LA significantly inhibited the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) nuclear induced by oxLDL through the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In summary, the data demonstrate that IOP-LA, as a new antioxidant, protects VECs from oxLDL-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway. It is worth noting that this study provides a promising lead compound for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ying-Nan Zhong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Liu F, Chen S, Ming X, Li H, Zeng Z, Lv Y. Sortilin-induced lipid accumulation and atherogenesis are suppressed by HNF1b SUMOylation promoted by flavone of Polygonatum odoratum. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:998-1013. [PMID: 37961802 PMCID: PMC10646395 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1b) on macrophage sortilin-mediated lipid metabolism and aortic atherosclerosis and explore the role of the flavone of Polygonatum odoratum (PAOA-flavone)-promoted small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) modification in the atheroprotective efficacy of HNF1b. HNF1b was predicted to be a transcriptional regulator of sortilin expression via bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. HNF1b overexpression decreased sortilin expression and cellular lipid contents in THP-1 macrophages, leading to a depression in atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice. Multiple SUMO1-modified sites were identified on the HNF1b protein and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed its SUMO1 modification. The SUMOylation of HNF1b protein enhanced the HNF1b-inhibited effect on sortilin expression and reduced lipid contents in macrophages. PAOA-flavone treatment promoted SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1) expression and SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein, which prevented sortilin-mediated lipid accumulation in macrophages and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Interference with SAE1 abrogated the improvement in lipid metabolism in macrophage cells and atheroprotective efficacy in vivo upon PAOA-flavone administration. In summary, HNF1b transcriptionally suppressed sortilin expression and macrophage lipid accumulation to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and the development of atherosclerosis. This anti-atherosclerotic effect was enhanced by PAOA-flavone-facilitated, SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Shirui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinyue Ming
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zhaoming Zeng
- Hunan Mingshun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shaodong 422800, China. ,
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine & Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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Zhang J, Cai YS, Ji HL, Ma M, Zhang JH, Cheng ZQ, Wang KM, Jiang CS, Zhuang C, Hu Y, Meng N. Discovery of marine phidianidine-based Nrf2 activators and their potential against oxLDL- and HG-induced injury in HUVECs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 95:129468. [PMID: 37689216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
One effective strategy for treating atherosclerosis is to inhibit the injury of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and high glucose (HG). This study synthesized and evaluated a series of novel Nrf2 activators derived from the marine natural product phidianidine for their ability to protect human umbilical VECs against oxLDL- and HG-induced injury. The results of in vitro bioassays demonstrated that compound D-36 was the most promising Nrf2 activator, effectively inhibiting the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by oxLDL and HG. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown experiments confirmed that compound D-36 protected against oxLDL- and HG-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by activating the Nrf2 pathway. These findings provide important insights into a new chemotype of marine-derived Nrf2 activators that could potentially be optimized to develop effective anti-atherosclerosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yong-Si Cai
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hua-Long Ji
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Mengqi Ma
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jin-He Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Kai-Ming Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang YS, Ma L, Liu H, Gao W. Protective effect of Salvia plebeia R. Br ethanol extract on UVB-induced skin photoaging in vitro and in vivo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:466-477. [PMID: 37165910 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV exposure is one of the primary factors responsible for photoaging, causing the increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the reduction in collagen. Salvia plebeia R. Br (SP), as an herbaceous plant, contains abundant flavonoids and possesses excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the photoprotective effects of SP on UVB-induced photodamage in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and Kunming mice, as well as its main active components such as homoplantaginin (HP). METHODS CCK-8 was applied to detect the cell viability in UVB-irradiated or non-irradiated HaCaTs. Commercial kits were used to evaluate the levels of ROS, MDA, SA-β-Gal, MMP-1, and IL-6. The expression of MAPK and TGF-β/Smad pathways was detected by western blot. HE and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to examine the epidermis thickness and collagen degradation of Kunming mice. RESULTS Our results found that SP and HP notably decreased UVB-induced ROS, MDA, and SA-β-Gal production, and inhibited MMP-1 and IL-6 secretion by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, SP and HP significantly promoted type I procollagen synthesis by activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway. Consistently, the in vivo experiments also indicated that SP and HP had a photoprotective effect, which significantly reversed UVB-induced epidermis thickness and collagen degradation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that SP effectively could protect skin from UVB-induced photoaging, while HP acted as the active substance in SP. All these findings provided a new strategy for skin photoaging treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - LinYan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Hu F, Liu L, Shen G, Tu Q. Procyanidin B2 regulates the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway to improve random-pattern skin flap survival. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3913-3925. [PMID: 37128130 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Random-pattern skin flaps have been widely used in the reconstruction of damaged tissues. Ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the distal regions of the flap is a common issue, which often leads to flap necrosis and restricts its clinical applications. Procyanidin B2 (PB2), a naturally occurring flavonoid in large quantities in various fruits, has been demonstrated to exhibit several significant pharmacological properties. However, the effect of PB2 on flap viability is not clearly known. Here, using Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining, we observed that PB2 significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced angiogenesis. Mechanically, we provided evidence for the first time that the beneficial effects of PB2 occur through the activation of the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, co-administration of PB2 and EX527, a selective inhibitor of Sirt1, resulted in down-regulation of the expression of Sirt1, Nrf2, and downstream antioxidants. In summary, our study showed that PB2 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for improving the survival of random-pattern skin flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurun Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Guangjie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Qiming Tu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
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Xue J, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Jin D, Guo L, Li X, Zhao D, Feng X, Qi W, Zhu H. Research Progress and Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Cells Inflammation in Vascular-Related Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3593-3617. [PMID: 37641702 PMCID: PMC10460614 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s418166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely distributed inside the vascular network, forming a vital barrier between the bloodstream and the walls of blood vessels. These versatile cells serve myriad functions, including the regulation of vascular tension and the management of hemostasis and thrombosis. Inflammation constitutes a cascade of biological responses incited by biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. While inflammation is inherently a protective mechanism, dysregulated inflammation can precipitate a host of vascular pathologies. ECs play a critical role in the genesis and progression of vascular inflammation, which has been implicated in the etiology of numerous vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and sepsis. Upon activation, ECs secrete potent inflammatory mediators that elicit both innate and adaptive immune reactions, culminating in inflammation. To date, no comprehensive and nuanced account of the research progress concerning ECs and inflammation in vascular-related maladies exists. Consequently, this review endeavors to synthesize the contributions of ECs to inflammatory processes, delineate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation, and categorize and consolidate the various models and treatment strategies for vascular-related diseases. It is our aspiration that this review furnishes cogent experimental evidence supporting the established link between endothelial inflammation and vascular-related pathologies, offers a theoretical foundation for clinical investigations, and imparts valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Feng
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Wang A, Yue K, Zhong W, Zhang G, Wang L, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang X. Ligand-receptor interaction in the specific targeting of biomimetic peptide nanoparticles to lysophosphatidylcholine. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:193-202. [PMID: 36549027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As nanotechnology is applied clinical medicine, nanoparticle-based therapy is emerging as a novel approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Ligand-receptor interaction affects the effectiveness of nanoparticle targeting therapy. In this study, the biomimetic peptide (BP-KFFVLK-WYKDGD) ligand specifically targeting the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) receptor in atherosclerotic plaques was constructed. The corresponding ligand-receptor interaction under different pH values was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and experimental measurements. Results show that the interaction force between the peptide and LPC is greater than that of the peptide and human umbilical vein endothelial cell, clearly demonstrating the specific targeting of the peptide ligand to the LPC receptor. The ligand-receptor binding of peptide and LPC dominantly depends on Coulomb and van der Waals interactions. The YKDG amino acids of the peptide are the main fragment that binds to LPC. Compared with neutral environment at pH 7.4, the interaction forces between the peptide and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) decreased by 18.22 % and 45.87 % under acidic environments at pH 6.5 and 5.5, respectively, because of the change in oxLDL secondary structure and the release of LPC from oxLDL. Nevertheless, the peptide still has a strong binding capacity with oxLDL for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China.
| | - Weishen Zhong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Genpei Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China
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10
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Cao Z, Xing C, Cheng X, Luo J, Hu R, Cao H, Guo X, Yang F, Zhuang Y, Hu G. Luteolin Attenuates APEC-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signal Axis in the Ileum of Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010083. [PMID: 36611692 PMCID: PMC9817979 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is typically the cause of avian colibacillosis, which can result in oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal damage (APEC). Luteolin, in the form of glycosylation flavone, has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, its effects on APEC-induced intestinal oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation in chicks remains poorly understood. After hatching, one-day-old chicks were stochastically assigned to four groups: a control group (basic diet), an E. coli group (basic diet) and L10 and L20 groups (with a dry matter of luteolin diet 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively), with fifteen chicks in each group and one repeat per group. They were pretreated for thirteen days. The body weight, mortality, histopathological changes in the ileum, antioxidant status, and the mRNA and protein-expression levels of factors associated with the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signal axis of the chicks were measured. The results showed that luteolin treatment decreased the mRNA and protein-expression level of the related factors of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signal axis in the ileum, reduced inflammation, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced intestinal injury. Collectively, luteolin alleviated APEC-induced intestinal damage by means of hindering the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signal axis, which suggests that luteolin could be a good method for the prevention and treatment of avian colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Zhuang
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.H.); Tel.: +86-15-6162-40852 (Y.Z.); +86-13-8070-89905 (G.H.)
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.H.); Tel.: +86-15-6162-40852 (Y.Z.); +86-13-8070-89905 (G.H.)
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11
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Qu K, Yan F, Qin X, Zhang K, He W, Dong M, Wu G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1084604. [PMID: 36605901 PMCID: PMC9807884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor causing abnormal function of the endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, and diabetes, promote mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial mitochondria in endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical trial center, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
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He Y, Chen Y, Yao L, Wang J, Sha X, Wang Y. The Inflamm-Aging Model Identifies Key Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:865827. [PMID: 35706446 PMCID: PMC9191626 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.865827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis, one of the main threats to human life and health, is driven by abnormal inflammation (i.e., chronic inflammation or oxidative stress) during accelerated aging. Many studies have shown that inflamm-aging exerts a significant impact on the occurrence of atherosclerosis, particularly by inducing an immune homeostasis imbalance. However, the potential mechanism by which inflamm-aging induces atherosclerosis needs to be studied more thoroughly, and there is currently a lack of powerful prediction models.Methods: First, an improved inflamm-aging prediction model was constructed by integrating aging, inflammation, and disease markers with the help of machine learning methods; then, inflamm-aging scores were calculated. In addition, the causal relationship between aging and disease was identified using Mendelian randomization. A series of risk factors were also identified by causal analysis, sensitivity analysis, and network analysis.Results: Our results revealed an accelerated inflamm-aging pattern in atherosclerosis and suggested a causal relationship between inflamm-aging and atherosclerosis. Mechanisms involving inflammation, nutritional balance, vascular homeostasis, and oxidative stress were found to be driving factors of atherosclerosis in the context of inflamm-aging.Conclusion: In summary, we developed a model integrating crucial risk factors in inflamm-aging and atherosclerosis. Our computation pipeline could be used to explore potential mechanisms of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lilin Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianzheng Sha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Wang,
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