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Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu F, Wang L, Gao G. Preparation of cylindrical Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin/MIL-68(Al) foam column for solid-phase extraction of sulfonamides in water, urine, and milk. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465130. [PMID: 38955130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the preparation of a cylindrical polymer foam column termed Chitosan/β-Cyclodextrin/MIL-68(Al) (CS/β-CD/MIL-68(Al)). An ice template-freeze drying technique was employed to prepare the CS/β-CD/MIL-68(Al) foam column by embedding MIL-68(Al) in a polymer matrix comprising cross-linked chitosan (CS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The cylindrical CS/β-CD/MIL-68(Al) foam was subsequently inserted into a syringe to develop a solid phase extraction (SPE) device. Without the requirement for an external force, the sample solution passed easily through the SPE column thanks to the porous structure of the CS/β-CD/MIL-68(Al) foam column. Moreover, the CS/β-CD/MIL-68(Al) foam column was thought to be a superior absorbent for SPE since it included the adsorptive benefits of CS, β-CD, and MIL-68(Al). The SPE was utilized in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography to analyze six sulfonamides found in milk, urine, and water. With matrix effects ranging from 80.49 % to 104.9 % with RSD values of 0.4-14.0 %, the method showed high recoveries ranging from 80.6 to 107.4 % for water samples, 93.4-105.2 % for urine, and 87.4-100.9 % for milk. It also demonstrated good linearity in the range of 10-258 ng·mL-1 with the limits of detection ranging from 1.88 to 2.58 ng·mL-1. The cylindrical CS/β-CD/MIL-68(Al) foam column prepared in this work offered several advantages, including its simple fabrication, excellent water stability, absence of pollutants, biodegradability, and reusability. It is particularly well-suited for SPE. Furthermore, the developed SPE method, employing CS/β-CD/MIL-68(Al) foam column, is straightforward and precise, and its benefits, including affordability, ease of preparation, lack of specialized equipment, and solvent economy, underline its broad applicability for the pretreatment of aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, No. 669, Xueyuan Road, Donggang District, Rizhao, Shandong Province, 276826, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4655, University Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fubin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, No. 669, Xueyuan Road, Donggang District, Rizhao, Shandong Province, 276826, PR China
| | - Litao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, No. 669, Xueyuan Road, Donggang District, Rizhao, Shandong Province, 276826, PR China.
| | - Guihua Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, No. 669, Xueyuan Road, Donggang District, Rizhao, Shandong Province, 276826, PR China.
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Luo Y, Sun Y, Wei X, He Y, Wang H, Cui Z, Ma J, Liu X, Shu R, Lin H, Xu D. Detection methods for antibiotics in wastewater: a review. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03033-0. [PMID: 38907838 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used as fungicides because of their antibacterial and bactericidal effects. However, it is necessary to control their dosage. If the amount of antbiotics is too much, it cannot be completely metabolized and absorbed, will pollute the environment, and have a great impact on human health. Many antibiotics usually left in factory or aquaculture wastewater pollute the environment, so it is vital to detect the content of antibiotics in wastewater. This article summarizes several common methods of antibiotic detection and pretreatment steps. The detection methods of antibiotics in wastewater mainly include immunoassay, instrumental analysis method, and sensor. Studies have shown that immunoassay can detect deficient concentrations of antibiotics, but it is affected by external factors leading to errors. The detection speed of the instrumental analysis method is fast, but the repeatability is poor, the price is high, and the operation is complicated. The sensor is a method that is currently increasingly studied, including electrochemical sensors, optical sensors, biosensors, photoelectrochemical sensors, and surface plasmon resonance sensors. It has the advantages of fast detection speed, high accuracy, and strong sensitivity. However, the reproducibility and stability of the sensor are poor. At present, there is no method that can comprehensively integrate the advantages. This paper aims to review the enrichment and detection methods of antibiotics in wastewater from 2020 to the present. It also aims to provide some ideas for future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Luo
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Sun
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Wei
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang He
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Cui
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingcai Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxin Shu
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Lin
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200082, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China.
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Aissaoui Y, Jiménez-Skrzypek G, González-Sálamo J, Trabelsi-Ayadi M, Ghorbel-Abid I, Hernández-Borges J. Determination of Multiclass Antibiotics in Fish Muscle Using a QuEChERS-UHPLC-MS/MS Method. Foods 2024; 13:1081. [PMID: 38611385 PMCID: PMC11012132 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The surging global demand for fish has increased aquaculture practices, where antibiotics have become indispensable to prevent diseases. However, the passive incorporation of these compounds into the diet may have adverse effects on human health. In this work, the QuEChERS method combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of 10 multiclass antibiotics (5 quinolones, 2 sulfonamides, 2 diaminopyrimidines, and 1 macrolide) in muscle tissue of farmed fish (European sea bass and gilt-head sea bream). The applied method demonstrated acceptable recovery values, mostly between 70 and 120%, with limits of quantification of the method meeting the established EU maximum residue limits. The analysis of twenty fish samples in duplicate revealed that most antibiotics were not present, with the only exception of oxolinic acid and tilmicosin in European sea bass, which were below the limit of quantification of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Aissaoui
- Useful Materials Laboratory (LMU), National Institute for Physical and Chemical Research and Analysis (INRAP), Ariana 2020, Tunisia;
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (J.G.-S.)
| | - Gabriel Jiménez-Skrzypek
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (J.G.-S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (J.G.-S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Malika Trabelsi-Ayadi
- Laboratory of Application Chemistry to the Resources and Natural Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia;
| | - Ibtissem Ghorbel-Abid
- Useful Materials Laboratory (LMU), National Institute for Physical and Chemical Research and Analysis (INRAP), Ariana 2020, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Application Chemistry to the Resources and Natural Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia;
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (G.J.-S.); (J.G.-S.)
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Rabie M, Movassaghghazani M, Afshar Mogaddam MR. HPLC-FLD determination of aflatoxins M 1 and M 2 in raw cow milk samples using in-syringe gas-controlled density tunable solidification of a floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5077-5084. [PMID: 38332794 PMCID: PMC10851050 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04149b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, an in-syringe gas-controlled density tunable solidification of a floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was employed for the extraction of aflatoxin M1 and M2 from cow milk samples prior to their quantification with high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. In this method, after precipitating the proteins of the sample using a zinc sulfate solution, the supernatant phase was transferred into a barrel of a glass syringe, with the end closed with a septum containing a mixture of menthol, phenylacetic acid DES (as the extraction solvent), and chloroform (as a density modifier). After that, an inert gas was bubbled into the syringe. In this manner, chloroform was evaporated and fine droplets of extractant were released, which extracted the analytes during their passing. Finally, the syringe was placed in an ice bath and the obtained solidified drop was injected into the separation system after diluting with a mobile phase. Under the best analysis conditions, low limits of detection (1.45 and 1.86 ng L-1 for AFM1 and AFM2, respectively) and quantification (4.83 and 6.21 ng L-1 for AFM1 and AFM2, respectively), high extraction recovery (75 and 70% for AFM1 and AFM2, respectively), and good precision (relative standard deviations ≤ 4.8%) were obtained by employing the approach reported in this study. In the end, this method was successfully employed to determine AFM1 and AFM2 in raw cow milk samples collected from Tabriz, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maede Rabie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University Shabestar Iran
| | - Mohammadhosein Movassaghghazani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University Shabestar Iran +98-9143010292
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Liu C, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Fan J, Yuan J. Simultaneous determination of 13 sulfonamides at trace levels in soil by modified QuEChERS with HPLC-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:378-385. [PMID: 38117310 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01564e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment of samples was vital for enhancing the sensitivity and accuracy of analytical methods. An efficient and sensitive method, based on modified QuEChERS with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of the 13 sulfonamides (SAs) in soil, was developed. After extraction by sonication with methanol, the clean-up procedure was achieved using QuEChERS with a primary secondary amine (PSA). The quantification of the 13 SAs was performed by HPLC-MS/MS in electrospray ionization (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Under optimized conditions, the standard solution exhibited good linearity within the range of 0.01-0.5 μg mL-1. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification of the developed method were 0.007-0.030 μg kg-1 and 0.022-0.101 μg kg-1, respectively. The spiked recoveries for the 13 SAs were in the range of 74.5-111.7% with RSD less than 15%. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of SAs in real soil samples. The above results showed that the proposed method would be an ideal analytical method for SAs in environmental ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
| | - YouMin Sun
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - ZhaoTing Zhou
- Yantai Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - JinPeng Yuan
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
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Matta S, Bhandi MM, Javaji K, Misra S, Mudiam MKR. Chemometric assisted natural DES based VA-DLLME-LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of Garcinol in biofluids/tissues: A practical application to pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115676. [PMID: 37634361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Garcinol (GAR) is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone obtained from Garcinia indica used as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory in traditional medicine and due to these activities, it possesses anticancer properties. It is considered to be a next generation epigenetic drug. A green solvent based analytical method which is efficient, sophisticated, and highly enriched has been developed for the quantitative analysis of GAR in biological samples (plasma, liver, kidney and spleen) with the use of deep eutectic solvent (DES) for its extraction. A series of 23 DESs were synthesized and out of which, Thymol (Th)-Terpeniol (T), 2:1 molar ratio with a more hydrophobic environment and high interaction efficiency between GAR and DES was identified for the better extraction from mice plasma and tissue samples. The Design of Experiment approaches like placket-burmann design and central composite design were used to optimize the method conditions. The method validation characteristics, such as limit of detection (0.193-0.237 ng/mL), limit of quantification (0.644-0.697 ng/mL), lower limit of quantification (0.5 ng/mL), broad range of linearity with R2 (0.9994-0.9997) with a percent recovery not less than 87% was observed, which are well within the acceptance criteria for a bioanalytical method. The enrichment factor is upto 53-60 folds, with high extraction efficiency (89-97%). The measurement uncertainty was estimated with an expanded uncertainty ranged between 10.9%-19.0%. The method developed and validated was effectively applied to examine the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution patterns for GAR in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Matta
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Murali Mohan Bhandi
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kalpana Javaji
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Applied Biology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mohana Krishna Reddy Mudiam
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Analytical Division, Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Sector-20, Udyog Vihar, Gurugram-122016, Haryana.
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Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Reversed-Phase Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Free Tryptophan in Cold-Pressed Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052395. [PMID: 36903640 PMCID: PMC10005200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A fast and straightforward reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (RP-DLLME) using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) procedure to determine free tryptophan in vegetable oils was developed. The influence of eight variables affecting the RP-DLLME efficiency has been studied by a multivariate approach. A Plackett-Burman design for screening the most influential variables followed by a central composite response surface methodology led to an optimum RP-DLLME setup for a 1 g oil sample: 9 mL hexane as the diluting solvent, vortex extraction with 0.45 mL of DES (choline chloride-urea) at 40 °C, without addition of salt, and centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 4.0 min. The reconstituted extract was directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system working in the diode array mode. At the studied concentration levels, the obtained method detection limits (MDL) was 11 mg/kg, linearity in matrix-matched standards was R2 ≥ 0.997, relative standard deviations (RSD) was 7.8%, and average recovery was 93%. The combined use of the recently developed DES -based RP-DLLME and HPLC provides an innovative, efficient, cost-effective, and more sustainable method for the extraction and quantification of free tryptophan in oily food matrices. The method was employed to analyze cold-pressed oils from nine vegetables (Brazil nut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, peanut, pumpkin, sesame, sunflower, and walnut) for the first time. The results showed that free tryptophan was present in the range of 11-38 mg/100 g. This article is important for its contributions to the field of food analysis, and for its development of a new and efficient method for the determination of free tryptophan in complex matrices, which has the potential to be applied to other analytes and sample types.
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Gokulkumar K, Huang SJ, Wang SF, Balaji R, Chandrasekar N, Hwang MT. Zinc molybdate/functionalized carbon nanofiber composites modified electrodes for high-performance amperometric detection of hazardous drug Sulfadiazine. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Recent Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Antibiotic Analysis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010335. [PMID: 36615529 PMCID: PMC9822428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The abuse and residues of antibiotics have a great impact on the environment and organisms, and their determination has become very important. Due to their low contents, varieties and complex matrices, effective recognition, separation and enrichment are usually required prior to determination. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a kind of highly selective polymer prepared via molecular imprinting technology (MIT), are used widely in the analytical detection of antibiotics, as adsorbents of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and as recognition elements of sensors. Herein, recent advances in MIPs for antibiotic residue analysis are reviewed. Firstly, several new preparation techniques of MIPs for detecting antibiotics are briefly introduced, including surface imprinting, nanoimprinting, living/controlled radical polymerization, and multi-template imprinting, multi-functional monomer imprinting and dummy template imprinting. Secondly, several SPE modes based on MIPs are summarized, namely packed SPE, magnetic SPE, dispersive SPE, matrix solid-phase dispersive extraction, solid-phase microextraction, stir-bar sorptive extraction and pipette-tip SPE. Thirdly, the basic principles of MIP-based sensors and three sensing modes, including electrochemical sensing, optical sensing and mass sensing, are also outlined. Fourthly, the research progress on molecularly imprinted SPEs (MISPEs) and MIP-based electrochemical/optical/mass sensors for the detection of various antibiotic residues in environmental and food samples since 2018 are comprehensively reviewed, including sulfonamides, quinolones, β-lactams and so on. Finally, the preparation and application prospects of MIPs for detecting antibiotics are outlined.
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Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using thymol based natural deep eutectic solvent for trace analysis of sulfonamides in water samples: Assessment of the greenness profile using AGREE metric, GAPI and analytical eco-scale. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Salahshoor Z, Ho KV, Hsu SY, Lin CH, Fidalgo de Cortalezzi M. Detection of Atrazine and its metabolites by photonic molecularly imprinted polymers in aqueous solutions. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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