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Jung Y, Yim NH, Lee SM, Cho WK, Cha MH, Ma JY. Anti-Fibrosis Effect of Panax ginseng and Inula japonica Formula in Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts. Nutrients 2024; 16:319. [PMID: 38276557 PMCID: PMC10819838 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer and Inula japonica Thunb. are well established in traditional medicine and are known for their therapeutic properties in managing a range of ailments such as diabetes, asthma, and cancer. Although P. ginseng and I. japonica can alleviate pulmonary fibrosis (PF), the anti-fibrosis effect on PF by the combination of two herbal medicines remains unexplored. Therefore, this study explores this combined effect. In conditions that were not cytotoxic, MRC-5 cells underwent treatment using the formula combining P. ginseng and I. japonica (ISE081), followed by stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, to explore the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). After harvesting the cells, mRNA levels and protein expressions associated with inflammation and FMT-related markers were determined to evaluate the antiinflammation activities and antifibrosis effect of ISE081. Additionally, the anti-migratory effects of ISE081 were validated through a wound-healing assay. ISE081 remarkably reduced the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and TGF-β1 in MRC-5 cells and suppressed the α-SMA and fibronectin expressions, respectively. Furthermore, ISE081 inhibited Smad2/3 phosphorylation and wound migration of MRC-5 cells. Under the same conditions, comparing those of ISE081, P. ginseng did not affect the expression of α-SMA, fibronectin, and Smad2/3 phosphorylation, whereas I. japonica significantly inhibited them but with cytotoxicity. The results indicate that the synergistic application of P. ginseng and I. japonica enhances the anti-fibrotic properties in pulmonary fibroblasts and concurrently diminishes toxicity. Therefore, ISE081 has the potential as a prevention and treatment herbal medicine for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeonGyun Jung
- Burn Institute, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea;
| | - Nam-Hui Yim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (W.-K.C.); (M.H.C.)
| | - Sang Myung Lee
- Division of Food and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Health and Safety Science, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (W.-K.C.); (M.H.C.)
| | - Min Ho Cha
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (W.-K.C.); (M.H.C.)
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (W.-K.C.); (M.H.C.)
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Pak SW, Lee SJ, Kim WI, Yang YG, Cho YK, Kim JS, Kim TW, Ko JW, Kim JC, Kim SH, Shin IS. The effects of Pycnogenol, a pine bark extract on pulmonary inflammation by Asian sand dust in mice. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:8-17. [PMID: 38465002 PMCID: PMC10919100 DOI: 10.17221/77/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Asian sand dust (ASD), also called China dust or yellow dust, mainly occurs in East Asia during spring and autumn. Because ASD enters the body mainly through the respiratory system, it can cause respiratory disorders or worsen underlying diseases. Because of this, it has become an important health concern that threatens the well-being of humans and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of 15 and 30 mg/kg of Pycnogenol (PYC15 and 30 groups), a pine bark extract, on ASD-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. We evaluated the inflammatory cell counts, inflammatory cytokines, and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in animal models. PYC administration significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into lung tissue; this was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of proinflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and tumour necrosis factor-α (P < 0.01) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of ASD-exposed mice (ASD group). Histological analysis revealed that PYC suppressed ASD-induced pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, PYC suppressed the levels of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the lung tissue of ASD-exposed mice, indicating that PYC reduced ASD-induced pulmonary inflammation by suppressing MMP-9. Together, these results indicate that PYC as the potential to treat ASD-driven pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Gin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Cho
- College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- BK21 FOUR Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- BK21 FOUR Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Yuan J, Wang M, Wang C, Zhang L. Epithelial cell dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:959-968. [PMID: 37386882 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2232113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a type of epithelial cell dysfunction, which is widely present in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), especially CRS with nasal polyps, and contributes to pathogenesis of the disease. EMT is mediated via complex mechanisms associated with multiple signaling pathways. AREAS COVERED We have summarized the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways promoting EMT in CRS. Strategies or drugs/agents targeting the genes and pathways related to the regulation of EMT are also discussed for their potential use in the treatment of CRS and asthma. A literature search of studies published in English from 2000 to 2023 was conducted using the PubMed database, employing CRS, EMT, signaling, mechanisms, targeting agents/drugs, as individual or combinations of search terms. EXPERT OPINION EMT in nasal epithelium not only leads to epithelial cell dysfunction but also plays an important role in nasal tissue remodeling in CRS. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying EMT and the development of drugs/agents targeting these mechanisms may provide new treatment strategies for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lee EJ, Yang JH, Yang HJ, Cho CK, Choi JG, Chung HS. Antitumor Effect of Korean Red Ginseng through Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in a Humanized PD-L1 Knock-In MC38 Cancer Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031894. [PMID: 36768213 PMCID: PMC9915403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking immune checkpoints, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, has proven a promising anticancer strategy for enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity. Although we previously demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3, Rh2, and compound K block the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1, the antitumor effect through blockade of this interaction by Korean Red Ginseng alone is unknown. Therefore, we determined the effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and its antitumor effects using a humanized PD-1/PD-L1-expressing colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model. RGE significantly blocked the interaction between human PD-1 and PD-L1 in a competitive ELISA. The CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor cell killing effect of RGE was evaluated using murine hPD-L1-expressing MC38 cells and tumor-infiltrating hPD-1-expressing CD8+ T cells isolated from hPD-L1 MC38 tumor-bearing hPD-1 mice. RGE also reduced the survival of hPD-L1 MC38 cells in a cell co-culture system using tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells as effector cells combined with hPD-L1 MC38 target cells. RGE or Keytruda (positive control) treatment markedly suppressed the growth of hPD-L1 MC38 allograft tumors, increased CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors, and enhanced the production of Granzyme B. RGE exhibits anticancer effects through the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, which warrants its further development as an immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-940-3865
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