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Lee EJ, Kim YS, Kim JH, Woo KW, Park YH, Ha JH, Li W, Kim TI, An BK, Cho HW, Han JH, Choi JG, Chung HS. Uncovering the colorectal cancer immunotherapeutic potential: Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) root extract and its active compound oenothein B targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Phytomedicine 2024; 125:155370. [PMID: 38266440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors, a novel class of immunotherapy drugs, represents a major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, substantially improving patient survival post-treatment. Blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) has demonstrated promising clinical results in various human cancer types. The US FDA has recently permitted only monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based PD-L1 or PD-1 blockers. Although these antibodies exhibit high antitumor efficacy, their size- and affinity-induced side effects limit their applicability. PURPOSE As small-molecule-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockers capable of reducing the side effects of antibody therapies are needed, this study focuses on exploring natural ingredient-based small molecules that can target hPD-L1/PD-1 using herbal medicines and their components. METHODS The antitumor potential of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) root extract (EPRE), a globally utilized traditional herbal medicine, folk remedy, and functional food, was explored. A coculture system was established using human PD-L1-expressed murine MC38 cells (hPD-L1-MC38s) and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) expressing humanized PD-1. The in vivo experiments utilized a colorectal cancer (CRC) C57BL/6 J mouse model bearing MC38 cells expressing humanized PD-L1 and PD-1 proteins. RESULTS EPRE and its active compound oenothein B effectively hindered the molecular interaction between hPD-L1 and hPD-1. EPRE stimulated tumor-specific T lymphocytes of a hPD-L1/PD-1 CRC mice. This action resulted in the elevated infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes and subsequent tumor growth reduction. Moreover, the combined therapy of oenothein B, a PD-1/PD-L1 blocker, and FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin) cooperatively suppressed hPD-L1-MC38s growth in the ex vivo model through activated CD8+ TIL antitumor immune response. Oenothein B exhibited a high binding affinity for hPD-L1 and hPD-1. We believe that this study is the first to uncover the inhibitory effects of EPRE and its component, oenothein B, on PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. CONCLUSION This study identified a promising small-molecule candidate from natural products that blocks the hPD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway. These findings emphasize the potential of EPRE and oenothein B as effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Wan Woo
- National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 27, Wondogwandeok-gil, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do 59319, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Park
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80, Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Ha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80, Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Kwan An
- National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 94, Hwarang-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Cho
- National Development Institute of Korea Medicine, 27, Wondogwandeok-gil, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do 59319, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science and Technology (UST), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
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Park W, Han JH, Wei S, Yang ES, Cheon SY, Bae SJ, Ryu D, Chung HS, Ha KT. Natural Product-Based Glycolysis Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Strategy for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:807. [PMID: 38255882 PMCID: PMC10815680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising treatment approach for NSCLC. However, resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remains a major challenge in its clinical management. EGFR mutation elevates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha to upregulate the production of glycolytic enzymes, increasing glycolysis and tumor resistance. The inhibition of glycolysis can be a potential strategy for overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance and enhancing the effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs. In this review, we specifically explored the effectiveness of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors and lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors in combating EGFR-TKI resistance. The aim was to summarize the effects of these natural products in preclinical NSCLC models to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential therapeutic effects. The study findings suggest that natural products can be promising inhibitors of glycolytic enzymes for the treatment of EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC. Further investigations through preclinical and clinical studies are required to validate the efficacy of natural product-based glycolytic inhibitors as innovative therapeutic modalities for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.Y.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Sun Yang
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.Y.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Se-Yun Cheon
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.Y.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (E.-S.Y.); (S.-Y.C.)
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Han JH, Lee EJ, Park W, Choi JG, Ha KT, Chung HS. Cosmosiin Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression and Inducing ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2131. [PMID: 38136250 PMCID: PMC10740471 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, particularly those concerning immune checkpoint inhibitors, have transformed cancer treatment in recent years. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key target for immunotherapy that is overexpressed in the cells of colorectal cancer, a widespread malignant cancer that poses a significant healthcare challenge. This study investigated the effects of cosmosiin treatment on colorectal cancer cell lines. Cosmosiin is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside compound that has potential health benefits, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. This study showed that cosmosiin effectively suppresses the expression of PD-L1 and triggers apoptosis, which is facilitated through pathways that are related to reactive oxygen species. These outcomes suggest that cosmosiin could be a promising candidate for an immune checkpoint inhibitor in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Han JH, Lee EJ, Park W, Ha KT, Chung HS. Natural compounds as lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors: potential therapeutics for lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275000. [PMID: 37915411 PMCID: PMC10616500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a crucial enzyme involved in energy metabolism and present in various cells throughout the body. Its diverse physiological functions encompass glycolysis, and its abnormal activity is associated with numerous diseases. Targeting LDH has emerged as a vital approach in drug discovery, leading to the identification of LDH inhibitors among natural compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. These compounds demonstrate therapeutic potential against LDH-related diseases, including anti-cancer effects. However, challenges concerning limited bioavailability, poor solubility, and potential toxicity must be addressed. Combining natural compounds with LDH inhibitors has led to promising outcomes in preclinical studies. This review highlights the promise of natural compounds as LDH inhibitors for treating cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, KIOM Campus, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Lee EJ, Choi JG, Han JH, Kim YW, Lim J, Chung HS. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immuno-Oncology Characteristics of Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Photodynamic Therapy-Treated Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13913. [PMID: 37762216 PMCID: PMC10531263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise in reducing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells by PDT may be achieved, which requires the characterization of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we determined the effect of Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated PDT on tumor-infiltrating T cells using scRNA-seq analysis. We used a humanized programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) MC38 cell allograft mouse model, considering its potential as an immunogenic cancer model and in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade. PDT treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in mice containing hPD-1/PD-L1 MC38 tumors. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the PDT group had increased levels of CD8+ activated T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, but decreased levels of exhausted CD8+ T cells. PDT treatment also enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors and increased the production of key effector molecules, including granzyme B and perforin 1. These findings provide insight into immune-therapeutic modulation for CRC patients and highlight the potential of PDT in overcoming immune evasion and enhancing antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Chung HW, Chang H, Hong D, Yun HJ, Chung HS. Optimal ropivacaine concentration for ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy surgery. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1139-1146. [PMID: 37635608 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_63_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background An ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has emerged as an effective way to control postoperative pain and may be a good alternative way to an epidural block. However, relevant research on the appropriate concentration of local anesthetics for an ESPB remains scarce. Aims This study aimed to investigate the optimal concentration of ropivacaine for an ESPB in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods A total of 68 patients who underwent a VATS lobectomy were enrolled. An ipsilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB was performed with three different ropivacaine concentrations as a local anesthetic: 0.189% (G1), 0.375% (G2), and 0.556% (G3). The total amount of perioperative remifentanil administered, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) applied, and rescue drugs for postoperative analgesia during the 24 h after surgery were acquired, and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores were obtained. Results The total amount of intraoperative remifentanil administered was 7.20 ± 3.04 mcg/kg, 5.32 ± 2.70 mcg/kg, and 4.60 ± 1.75 in the G1, G2, and G3 groups, respectively. G2 and G3 had significantly lower amounts of remifentanil administered than the G1 group (P = 0.02 vs. G2; P = 0.003 vs. G3). The G3 group needed more inotropes than the G1 and G2 groups in the perioperative period (P = 0.045). The NRS scores, PCA, and rescue drug were not significantly different in the three groups. Conclusion The optimal concentration of ropivacaine recommended for an ESPB was 0.375%, which was effective in controlling pain and reducing the intraoperative opioid requirements with minimal adverse reactions such as hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi SK, Chung HS, Ko HS, Gen Y, Kim SM, Shin JE, Kil KC, Kim YH, Wie JH, Jo YS. Hemorrhagic morbidity in nulliparous patients with placenta previa without placenta accrete spectrum disorders. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:432-437. [PMID: 37203107 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_456_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Placental adhesion spectrum (PAS) is a disease in which the trophoblast invades the myometrium, and is a well-known high-risk condition associated with placental previa. Aim The morbidity of nulliparous women with placenta previa without PAS disorders is unknown. Patients and Methods The data from nulliparous women who underwent cesarean delivery were collected retrospectively. The women were dichotomized into malpresentation (MP) and placenta previa groups. The placenta previa group was categorized into previa (PS) and low-lying (LL) groups. When the placenta covers the internal cervical os, it is called placenta previa, when the placenta is near the cervical os, it is called the low-lying placenta. Their maternal hemorrhagic morbidity and neonatal outcomes were analyzed and adjusted using multivariate analysis based on univariate analysis. Results A total of 1269 women were enrolled: 781 women in the MP group and 488 women in the PP-LL group. Regarding packed red blood cell transfusion, PP and LL had adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 14.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6 - 32.5), and 11.3 (95% CI: 4.9 - 26) during admission, and 51.2 (95% CI: 22.1 - 122.7) and 10.3 (95% CI: 3.9 - 26.6) during operation, respectively. For intensive care unit admission, PS and LL had aOR of 15.9 (95% CI: 6.5 - 39.1) and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.1 - 10.9), respectively. No women had cesarean hysterectomy, major surgical complications, or maternal death. Conclusion Despite placenta previa without PAS disorders, maternal hemorrhagic morbidity was significantly increased. Thus, our results highlight the need for resources for those women with evidence of placenta previa including a low-lying placenta, even if those women do not meet PAS disorder criteria. In addition, placenta previa without PAS disorder was not associated with critical maternal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Gen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K C Kil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Wie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee EJ, Yang JH, Yang HJ, Cho CK, Choi JG, Chung HS. Antitumor Effect of Korean Red Ginseng through Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in a Humanized PD-L1 Knock-In MC38 Cancer Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031894. [PMID: 36768213 PMCID: PMC9915403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking immune checkpoints, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, has proven a promising anticancer strategy for enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity. Although we previously demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3, Rh2, and compound K block the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1, the antitumor effect through blockade of this interaction by Korean Red Ginseng alone is unknown. Therefore, we determined the effects of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and its antitumor effects using a humanized PD-1/PD-L1-expressing colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model. RGE significantly blocked the interaction between human PD-1 and PD-L1 in a competitive ELISA. The CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor cell killing effect of RGE was evaluated using murine hPD-L1-expressing MC38 cells and tumor-infiltrating hPD-1-expressing CD8+ T cells isolated from hPD-L1 MC38 tumor-bearing hPD-1 mice. RGE also reduced the survival of hPD-L1 MC38 cells in a cell co-culture system using tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells as effector cells combined with hPD-L1 MC38 target cells. RGE or Keytruda (positive control) treatment markedly suppressed the growth of hPD-L1 MC38 allograft tumors, increased CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors, and enhanced the production of Granzyme B. RGE exhibits anticancer effects through the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, which warrants its further development as an immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-940-3865
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Kwon EB, Li W, Kim YS, Kim B, Chung HS, Go Y, Ko HJ, Song JH, Kim YH, Choi CW, Choi JG. Vitisin B inhibits influenza A virus replication by multi-targeting neuraminidase and virus-induced oxidative stress. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:174-191. [PMID: 36815046 PMCID: PMC9939323 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug-resistant influenza and new pathogenic virus strains underscores the need for antiviral therapeutics. Currently, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are commonly used antiviral drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Here, we show that vitisin B (VB) inhibits NA activity and suppresses H1N1 viral replication in MDCK and A549 cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which frequently occur during viral infection, increase virus replication by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, downmodulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression, and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response activity. VB decreased virus-induced ROS generation by increasing G6PD expression and Nrf2 activity, and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus through IKK dephosphorylation. In addition, VB reduced body weight loss, increased survival, decreased viral replication and the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice. Taken together, our results indicate that VB is a promising therapeutic candidate against IAV infection, complements existing drug limitations targeting viral NA. It modulated the intracellular ROS by G6PD, Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-targeting drug strategy, providing new approaches for drug discovery against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Buyun Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Product Research Team, Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gyeonggi-Do 16229, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
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10
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Kim YS, Kwon EB, Kim B, Chung HS, Choi G, Kim YH, Choi JG. Mulberry Component Kuwanon C Exerts Potent Therapeutic Efficacy In Vitro against COVID-19 by Blocking the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 RBD:ACE2 Receptor Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12516. [PMID: 36293371 PMCID: PMC9604257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an immense effort by global pharmaceutical companies to develop anti-COVID-19 drugs, including small molecule-based RNA replication inhibitors via drug repositioning and antibody-based spike protein blockers related to cell entry by SARS-CoV-2. However, several limitations to their clinical use have emerged in addition to a lack of progress in the development of small molecule-based cell entry inhibitors from natural products. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of kuwanon C (KC), which has mainly been researched using in silico docking simulation and can serve as an effective building block for developing anti-COVID-19 drugs, in blocking the spike S1 RBD:ACE2 receptor interaction. KC is a natural product derived from Morus alba L., commonly known as mulberry, which has known antiviral efficacy. Molecular interaction studies using competitive ELISA and the BLItz system revealed that KC targets both the spike S1 RBD and the ACE2 receptor, successfully disrupting their interaction, as supported by the in silico docking simulation. Furthermore, we established a mechanism of action by observing how KC prevents the infection of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus in ACE2/TPRSS2-overexpressing HEK293T cells. Finally, we demonstrated that KC inhibits clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. Future combinations of small molecule-based cell entry inhibitors, such as KC, with the currently prescribed RNA replication inhibitors are anticipated to significantly enhance the efficacy of COVID-19 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Kim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean Medicine Application Center, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean Medicine Application Center, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Buyun Kim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean Medicine Application Center, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean Medicine Application Center, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 198 Saneop-ro, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 13207, Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 198 Saneop-ro, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon 13207, Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean Medicine Application Center, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
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11
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Kim YS, Kim B, Kwon EB, Chung HS, Choi JG. Mulberrofuran G, a Mulberry Component, Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Blocking the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain and Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194170. [PMID: 36235822 PMCID: PMC9573737 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent development of RNA replication-targeted COVID-19 drugs by global pharmaceutical companies, their prescription in clinical practice is limited by certain factors, including drug interaction, reproductive toxicity, and drug resistance. COVID-19 drugs with multiple targets for the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle may lead to a successful reduction in drug resistance as well as enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and natural products are a potential source of molecules with therapeutic effects against COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory efficacy of mulberrofuran G (MG), a component of Morus alba L., also known as mulberry, which has been used as food and traditional medicine, on the binding of the spike S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the initial stage of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, MG effectively blocked the spike S1 RBD: ACE2 receptor molecular binding, and investigations using the BLItz system and in silico modeling revealed that MG has high affinity for both proteins. Finally, we confirmed that MG inhibits the entry of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus and a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, suggesting that MG might be a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 binding to the cell surface during early infection.
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12
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Chung HS, Chow JCH, Lam MHC, Ngan RKC, Wong KH. Clinicopathological Features, Prognostic Factors, and Treatment Outcomes in Non-metastatic Breast Cancer in Young Asian Women in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2022. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2217419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- HS Chung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - JCH Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - MHC Lam
- Department of Oncology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - RKC Ngan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Gleneagles Hospital Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - KH Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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13
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Lee EJ, Kim JH, Kim TI, Kim YJ, Pak ME, Jeon CH, Park YJ, Li W, Kim YS, Choi JG, Chung HS. Sanguisorbae Radix Suppresses Colorectal Tumor Growth Through PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade and Synergistic Effect With Pembrolizumab in a Humanized PD-L1-Expressing Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737076. [PMID: 34659228 PMCID: PMC8511399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) have been proven as antitumor targets by enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity. All immune checkpoint blockades are antibody therapeutics that have large size and high affinity, as well as known immune-related side effects and low responses. To overcome the limitation of antibody therapeutics, we have explored PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) blockades in traditional oriental medicine, which has a long history but has not yet studied PD-1/PD-L1 blockades. Sanguisorbae Radix extract (SRE) blocked PD-1 and PD-L1 binding in competitive ELISA. SRE effectively inhibited the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, thereby improving T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and the NFAT-mediated luciferase activity of T cells. SRE treatment reduced tumor growth in the humanized PD-L1 MC38 cell allograft humanized PD-1 mouse model. Additionally, the combination of SRE and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody) suppressed tumor growth and increased infiltrated cytotoxic T cells to a greater extent did either agent alone. This study showed that SRE alone has anticancer effects via PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and that the combination therapy of SRE and pembrolizumab has enhanced immuno-oncologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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14
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Kim YS, Chung HS, Noh SG, Lee B, Chung HY, Choi JG. Geraniin Inhibits the Entry of SARS-CoV-2 by Blocking the Interaction between Spike Protein RBD and Human ACE2 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168604. [PMID: 34445310 PMCID: PMC8395245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite the development of vaccines, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the absence of effective therapeutics demand the continual investigation of COVID-19. Natural products containing active ingredients may be good therapeutic candidates. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of geraniin, the main ingredient in medical plants Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus and Nephelium lappaceum, for treating COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor to initiate virus entry into cells; viral entry may be an important target of COVID-19 therapeutics. Geraniin was found to effectively block the binding between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and hACE2 receptor in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, suggesting that geraniin might inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human epithelial cells. Geraniin also demonstrated a high affinity to both proteins despite a relatively lower equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for the spike protein (0.63 μM) than hACE2 receptor (1.12 μM), according to biolayer interferometry-based analysis. In silico analysis indicated geraniin’s interaction with the residues functionally important in the binding between the two proteins. Thus, geraniin is a promising therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by blocking SARS-CoV-2’s entry into human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.G.N.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Daeyeon Dong, Busan 608737, Korea;
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.G.N.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (Y.S.K.); (H.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-940-3865
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Guarnizo A, Chung HS, Chakraborty S. Subcallosal haemorrhage as a sign of diffuse axonal injury in patients with traumatic brain injury. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:237.e15-237.e21. [PMID: 33160606 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the relationship between subcallosal haemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) grading. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of all patients with traumatic brain injury over the past 5 years were reviewed. Subcallosal haemorrhage was defined as the presence of haemorrhage on admission CT underneath the corpus callosum. Grading of DAI was performed using MRI or CT exclusive of subcallosal haemorrhage status. The association of demographic factors, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, and positive subcallosal haemorrhage status with the presence of moderate-severe DAI was assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of subcallosal haemorrhage status in predicting DAI severity. Median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were compared between subcallosal haemorrhage positive and negative cases. RESULTS The images of 1,150 patients were reviewed with 301 patients showing DAI. Of those, 64 patients (21.2%) and 237 patients (78.7%) were positive and negative for subcallosal haemorrhage, respectively. Isolated subcallosal haemorrhage was noted in 15 patients (23.4%). A subcallosal haemorrhage positive status (OR=5.16, p < 0.001) was statistically significantly associated with moderate-severe DAI. The ROC curve for predicting moderate-severe DAI with subcallosal haemorrhage status showed an area under the curve of 0.625 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.561-0.688, p < 0.001). The median mRS score was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the subcallosal haemorrhage positive group (median 4.5, interquartile range [IQR] 2-6) versus the negative group (median 2, IQR 2-3). Isolated subcallosal haemorrhage group showed moderate-severe DAI in 80% (12/15) of cases. CONCLUSION Subcallosal haemorrhage is a highly specific radiographic predictor of moderate-severe DAI (grade 2-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guarnizo
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Civic and General Campus, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - H S Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Civic and General Campus, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - S Chakraborty
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital Civic and General Campus, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
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Choi JG, Kim YS, Kim JH, Kim TI, Li W, Oh TW, Jeon CH, Kim SJ, Chung HS. Anticancer Effect of Salvia plebeia and Its Active Compound by Improving T-Cell Activity via Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in Humanized PD-1 Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598556. [PMID: 33224152 PMCID: PMC7674495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, increasingly used to treat malignant tumors, are revolutionizing cancer treatment by improving the patient survival expectations. Despite the high antitumor efficacy of antibody therapeutics that bind to PD-1/PD-L1, study on small molecule-based PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is required to overcome the side effects of antibody therapeutics caused by their size and affinity. Herein, we investigated antitumor potential of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract (SPE), which has been used as a traditional oriental medicine and food in many countries, and its components by the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. SPE and its component cosmosiin effectively blocked the molecular interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. SPE also inhibited tumor growth by increasing CD8+ T-cells in the tumor through the activation of tumor-specific T-cells in a humanized PD-1 mouse model bearing hPD-L1 knock-in MC38 colon adenocarcinoma tumor. This finding presents a preclinical strategy to develop small molecule-based anticancer drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Jeon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Kim JH, Kim YS, Kim TI, Li W, Mun JG, Jeon HD, Kee JY, Choi JG, Chung HS. Unripe Black Raspberry ( Rubus coreanus Miquel) Extract and Its Constitute, Ellagic Acid Induces T Cell Activation and Antitumor Immunity by Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111590. [PMID: 33147777 PMCID: PMC7693366 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubus coreanus Miquel (R. coreanus) is a unripen fruit of black raspberry native to eastern Asia. It is used as traditional oriental medicine and supplementary foods for centuries. Previous studies have shown that the R. coreanus extract (RCE) and its main constitute ellagic acid possess diverse biological activities. However, the effects of RCE on antitumor immunity and T cell function were not fully understood. The present study describes the anti-tumor effect of RCE in humanized PD-1 mice by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and pull down assay were performed to elucidate the binding properties of RCE in vitro. Cellular PD-1/PD-L1 blockade activities were measured by T cell receptor (TCR)-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells-luciferase activity in co-cultured cell models with PD-1/NFAT Jurkat and PD-L1/aAPC CHO-K1 cells. The in vivo efficacy of RCE was confirmed in humanized PD-1 mice bearing MC38 colorectal tumor. RCE and ellagic acid dose-dependently block the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1. Moreover, oral administration of RCE showed the potent anti-tumor activity similar to anti-PD-1 antibody. The present study suggests that RCE possesses potent anti-tumor effect via PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and ellagic acid is the main compound in RCE. Thus, we provide new aspects of RCE as an immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (T.I.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (T.I.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (T.I.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (T.I.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Jeong-Geon Mun
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (J.-G.M.); (H.D.J.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Hee Dong Jeon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (J.-G.M.); (H.D.J.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea; (J.-G.M.); (H.D.J.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (T.I.K.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-G.C.); (H.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-53-940-3865 (J.-G.C.); +82-53-940-3875 (H.-S.C.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (T.I.K.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-G.C.); (H.-S.C.); Tel.: +82-53-940-3865 (J.-G.C.); +82-53-940-3875 (H.-S.C.)
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18
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Kim JH, Kim YS, Choi JG, Li W, Lee EJ, Park JW, Song J, Chung HS. Kaempferol and Its Glycoside, Kaempferol 7-O-Rhamnoside, Inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093239. [PMID: 32375257 PMCID: PMC7247329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (KO) and kaempferol 7-O-rhamnoside (KR) are natural products from various oriental herbs such as Geranii Herba. Previous studies have reported some biological activities of KO and KR; however, their effects on PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have not been reported yet. To elucidate their inhibitory activities on PD-1/PD-L1 protein–protein interaction (PPI), biochemical assays including competitive ELISA and biolayer interferometry (BLI) systems were performed. Cellular PD-1/PD-L1 blocking activity was measured in a co-culture system with PD-1 Jurkat and PD-L1/aAPC CHO-K1 cells by T-cell receptor (TCR) activation-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-luciferase reporter assay. The detailed binding mode of action was simulated by an in silico docking study and pharmacophore analysis. Competitive ELISA revealed that KO and its glycoside KR significantly inhibited PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Cellular PD-1/PD-L1 blocking activity was monitored by KO and KR at non-cytotoxic concentration. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis suggested the binding affinity and direct inhibition of KR against PD-1/PD-L1. An in silico docking simulation determined the detailed mode of binding of KR to PD-1/PD-L1. Collectively, these results suggest that KR could be developed as a potent small molecule inhibitor for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (J.-G.C.); (W.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (J.-G.C.); (W.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (J.-G.C.); (W.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (J.-G.C.); (W.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (J.-G.C.); (W.L.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Jin-Wan Park
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jaeyoung Song
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea; (J.H.K.); (Y.S.K.); (J.-G.C.); (W.L.); (E.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-940-3875
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19
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Yim NH, Kim YS, Chung HS. Inhibition of Programmed Death Receptor-1/Programmed Death Ligand-1 Interactions by Ginsenoside Metabolites. Molecules 2020; 25:E2068. [PMID: 32365500 PMCID: PMC7249111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) targeted inhibitors act as an immune checkpoint blockade, indicating that these compounds may be useful in cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting the immune response between T-cells and tumors. Previous studies have shown that ginsenosides can regulate the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in target diseases; however, it remains unknown whether ginsenosides act as a blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In this study, we used competitive ELISA to investigate 12 ginsenosides for their ability to block PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. In addition, we performed a protein-ligand docking simulation and examined the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds formed at the interfaces between the ginsenosides and PD-L1/PD-1. Eight out of the 12 ginsenosides studied showed inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions at 35% at the maximum concentration (1 μM). Among them, Rg3 and Compound K (C-K) demonstrated the highest inhibitory effects. Rg3 and C-K were further identified for their interaction efficacy with PD-1/PD-L1, which supported our results demonstrating the blocking activity of these compounds against PD-1/PD-L1 binding interactions. Collectively, our findings suggest that some ginsenosides, including Rg3 and C-K, inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 binding interactions. Therefore, these compounds may prove useful as part of an overall immuno-oncological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Korea
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Kim TI, Li W, Kim JH, Chung HS. Immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4/CD80 are blocked by Rhus verniciflua stokes and its active compounds. Integr Med Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Choi JG, Kim YS, Kim JH, Chung HS. Antiviral activity of ethanol extract of Geranii Herba and its components against influenza viruses via neuraminidase inhibition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12132. [PMID: 31431635 PMCID: PMC6702199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a serious threat to human health, causing numerous deaths and pandemics worldwide. To date, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors have primarily been used to treat influenza. However, there is a growing need for novel NA inhibitors owing to the emergence of resistant viruses. Geranii Herba (Geranium thunbergii Siebold et Zuccarini), which is edible, has long been used in a variety of disease treatments in Asia. Although recent studies have reported its various pharmacological activities, the effect of Geranii Herba and its components on influenza viruses has not yet been reported. In this study, Geranii Herba ethanol extract (GHE) and its component geraniin showed high antiviral activity against influenza A strain as well as influenza B strain, against which oseltamivir has less efficacy than influenza A strain, by inhibiting NA activity following viral infection in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. Thus, GHE and its components may be useful for the development of anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Lee M, Kim J, Choi HJ, Kwon A, Chung HS, Hong SH, Park CS, Choi JH, Chae MS. Intraoperative Management to Prevent Cardiac Collapse in a Patient With a Recurrent, Large-volume Pericardial Effusion and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation During Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:568-574. [PMID: 30879592 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial effusion is a common feature of end-stage liver disease. In this case report we describe the intraoperative management of recurrent pericardial effusion, without re-pericardiocentesis, to prevent circulatory collapse during a critical surgical time-point; that is, during manipulation of the major vessels and graft reperfusion. METHODS A 47-year-old woman with hepatitis B was scheduled to undergo deceased donor liver transplantation (LT). A large pericardial effusion was preoperatively identified using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The patient also had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Two days before surgery, preemptive pericardiocentesis was performed and the 1150-mL effusion was drained. Intraoperatively, recurrence of the large pericardial effusion was identified using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). During inferior vena cava manipulation, the surgeon consulted the anesthesiologist to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in the patient. After 3 attempts, the transplant team was able to determine the most appropriate anastomosis site, defined as that with the least impact on cardiac function. To prevent the development of severe postreperfusion syndrome, 10% MgSO4 (2 g) was gradually infused 20 minutes before portal vein declamping, and immediately before graft reperfusion a 100-μg bolus of epinephrine was administered. RESULTS During graft reperfusion, there was no evidence of heart chamber collapse or flow disturbance, as seen on the TEE findings. Postoperatively, the patient recovered completely and was discharged from the hospital. Six months after surgery, there was no sign of pericardial effusion on follow-up TTE. CONCLUSION Our intraoperative strategy may prevent cardiac collapse in patients with pericardial effusion detected during LT. Intraoperative TEE plays an important role in guiding hemodynamic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Department of Cardiology, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Chae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee G, Chung HS, Lee K, Lee H, Kim M, Bae H. Curcumin attenuates the scurfy-induced immune disorder, a model of IPEX syndrome, with inhibiting Th1/Th2/Th17 responses in mice. Phytomedicine 2017; 33:1-6. [PMID: 28887914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is a lethal autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the Foxp3 gene scurfin (scurfy). Immunosuppressive therapy for IPEX patients has been generally ineffective and has caused severe side effects, however curcumin has shown immune regulation properties for inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel diseases without side effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether curcumin would attenuate symptoms of IPEX in mouse model and would prolong its survival period. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were separated into scurfy or wild-type litter mate groups by genotyping, and each group subsequently was separated into 2 subgroups that were fed a 1% curcumin containing or normal diet from the last day of breast-feeding. After weaning, pups were fed either a 1% curcumin containing or normal diet until all scurfy mice die for survival data. To elucidate immune cell proportions in spleen and lymph nodes, cells were analyzed by flowcytometry. Cellular cytokine production was accessed to investigate the effects of curcumin in T cell differentiation in vitro. RESULTS Scurfy mice fed a 1% curcumin diet survived 4.0-fold longer compared to scurfy (92.5 days) mice fed a normal diet (23 days). A curcumin diet decreased all of the Th1/Th2/Th17 cell populations and attenuated diverse symptoms such as splenomegaly in scurfy mice. In vitro experiments showed that curcumin treatment directly decreased the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A in CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin diet attenuated the scurfy-induced immune disorder, a model of IPEX syndrome, by inhibiting Th1/Th2/Th17 responses in mice. These results have implications for improving clinical therapy for patients with IPEX and other T cell related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihyun Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeseok Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhoon Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhwan Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chung SP, Yune HY, Park YS, You JS, Hong JH, Kong T, Park JW, Chung HS, Park I. Usefulness of mean platelet volume as a marker for clinical outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2036-2044. [PMID: 27437641 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Essentials It is unknown whether mean platelet volume (MPV) estimates outcomes after cardiac arrest (CA). We investigated whether MPV was associated with 30-day neurologic outcome and mortality after CA. Elevated MPV at admission was associated with poor neurological outcomes and mortality at 30 days. Identifying levels of MPV is helpful for estimating disease severity among resuscitated patients. SUMMARY Background Whole-body ischemia followed by reperfusion during cardiac arrest and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) triggers systemic sterile inflammatory responses, inducing a sepsis-like state during post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Activated platelets are enlarged, and contain vasoactive and prothrombic factors that aggravate systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Objectives To investigate whether mean platelet volume (MPV) is useful as a marker for early mortality and neurologic outcomes in patients who achieve ROSC after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods OHCA records from the Emergency Department Cardiac Arrest Registry were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who survived for > 24 h after ROSC were included. We evaluated mortality and cerebral performance category scores after 30 days. Results We analyzed records from 184 patients with OHCA. Increased 30-day mortality among patients who achieved ROSC after OHCA was associated with MPV at admission (hazard ratio [HR] 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.75). An elevated MPV at admission was also associated with poor neurologic outcomes (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.06-1.55). Conclusions An elevated MPV was independently associated with increased 30-day mortality, with the highest discriminative value being obtained upon admission after OHCA. An elevated MPV on admission was associated with poor neurologic outcomes. High MPVs are helpful for estimating 30-day mortality and neurologic outcomes among patients who achieve ROSC after OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Y Yune
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - J H Hong
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Kong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park S, Chung HS, Shin D, Jung KH, Lee H, Moon J, Bae H. Adenovirus-mediated Foxp3 expression in lung epithelial cells reduces airway inflammation in ovalbumin and cockroach-induced asthma model. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e259. [PMID: 27633092 PMCID: PMC5050299 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3 is a master regulator of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cell (Treg) function and is also a suppressor of SKP2 and HER2/ErbB2. There are an increasing number of reports describing the functions of Foxp3 in cell types other than Tregs. In this context, we evaluated the functions of Foxp3 in ovalbumin- and cockroach-induced asthma models. Foxp3-EGFP-expressing adenovirus or EGFP control adenovirus was administered intratracheally (i.t.), followed by challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) or cockroach extract to induce asthma. Th2 cytokine and immune cell profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as serum IgE levels, were analyzed. Histological analyses were also conducted to demonstrate the effects of Foxp3 expression on airway remodeling, goblet cell hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in the lung. Adenoviral Foxp3 was expressed only in lung epithelial cells, and not in CD4(+) or CD8(+) cells. BALF from Foxp3 gene-delivered mice showed significantly reduced numbers of total immune cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in response to cockroach allergen or OVA. In addition, Foxp3 expression in the lung reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE in BALF and serum, respectively. Moreover, histopathological analysis also showed that Foxp3 expression substantially inhibited eosinophil infiltration into the airways, goblet cell hyperplasia and smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. Furthermore, when Tregs were depleted by diphtheria toxin in Foxp3(DTR) mice, the anti-asthmatic functions of Foxp3 were not altered in OVA-challenged asthma models. In this study, our results suggest that Foxp3 expression in lung epithelial cells, and not in Tregs, inhibited OVA- and cockroach extract-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Shin
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ye M, Chung HS, Lee C, Hyun Song J, Shim I, Kim YS, Bae H. Bee venom phospholipase A2 ameliorates motor dysfunction and modulates microglia activation in Parkinson's disease alpha-synuclein transgenic mice. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e244. [PMID: 27388550 PMCID: PMC4973312 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) has a critical role in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, which leads to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have shown that bee venom (BV) has beneficial effects on PD symptoms in human patients or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxin-induced PD mice. This study investigated whether treatment with BV-derived phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) would improve the motor dysfunction and pathological features of PD in human A53T α-Syn mutant transgenic (A53T Tg) mice. The motor dysfunction of A53T Tg mice was assessed using the pole test. The levels of α-Syn, microglia and the M1/M2 phenotype in the spinal cord were evaluated by immunofluorescence. bvPLA2 treatment significantly ameliorated motor dysfunction in A53T Tg mice. In addition, bvPLA2 significantly reduced the expression of α-Syn, the activation and numbers of microglia, and the ratio of M1/M2 in A53T Tg mice. These results suggest that bvPLA2 could be a promising treatment option for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Song
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medical Science Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sub Kim
- Department of Anatomy-Pointlogy, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rhee K, Kim JH, Jung DH, Han JW, Lee YC, Lee SK, Shin SK, Park JC, Chung HS, Park JJ, Youn YH, Park H. Self-expandable metal stents for malignant esophageal obstruction: a comparative study between extrinsic and intrinsic compression. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:224-8. [PMID: 25708695 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) are effective for malignant esophageal obstruction, but usefulness of SEMSs in extrinsic lesions is yet to be elucidated. This study is aimed at evaluating the clinical usefulness of SEMSs in the extrinsic compression compared with intrinsic. A retrospective review was conducted for 105 patients (intrinsic, 85; extrinsic, 20) with malignant esophageal obstruction who underwent endoscopic SEMSs placement. Technical and clinical success rates were evaluated and clinical outcomes were compared between extrinsic and intrinsic group. Extrinsic group was mostly pulmonary origin. Overall technical and clinical success rate was 100% and 91%, respectively, without immediate complications. Extrinsic and intrinsic group did not differ significantly in clinical success rate. The median stent patency time was 131.3 ± 85.8 days in intrinsic group while that of extrinsic was 54.6 ± 45.1 due to shorter survival after stent insertion. The 4-, 8-, and 12-week patency rates were 90.5%, 78.8%, and 64.9% respectively in intrinsic group, while stents of extrinsic group remained patent until death. Uncovered, fully covered, and double-layered stent were used evenly and the types did not influence patency in both groups. In conclusion, esophageal SEMSs can safely and effectively be used for malignant extrinsic compression as well as intrinsic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J W Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J C Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J J Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ye M, Chung HS, Lee C, Yoon MS, Yu AR, Kim JS, Hwang DS, Shim I, Bae H. Neuroprotective effects of bee venom phospholipase A2 in the 3xTg AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:10. [PMID: 26772975 PMCID: PMC4715334 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neuroinflammatory disease. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) modulate various inflammatory diseases via suppressing Th cell activation. There are increasing evidences that Tregs have beneficial roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we found the population of Treg cells was significantly increased by bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) treatment in vivo and in vitro. Methods To examine the effects of bvPLA2 on AD, bvPLA2 was administered to 3xTg-AD mice, mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. The levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the hippocampus, glucose metabolism in the brain, microglia activation, and CD4+ T cell infiltration were analyzed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of bvPLA2. Results bvPLA2 treatment significantly enhanced the cognitive function of the 3xTg-AD mice and increased glucose metabolism, as assessed with 18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F-18] FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). The levels of Aβ deposits in the hippocampus were dramatically decreased by bvPLA2 treatment. This neuroprotective effect of bvPLA2 was associated with microglial deactivation and reduction in CD4+ T cell infiltration. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effects of bvPLA2 were abolished in Treg-depleted mice. Conclusions The present studies strongly suggest that the increase of Treg population by bvPLA2 treatment might inhibit progression of AD in the 3xTg AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Sik Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - A Ram Yu
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, #215-4 Gongneug-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, 139-241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, #215-4 Gongneug-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul, 139-241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medical Science Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JK, Lee J, Park SS, Heo EY, Park YS, Lee CH, Lee SM, Yoon HI, Yim JJ, Yoo CG, Chung HS, Kim YW, Han SK, Kim DK. Effect of inhalers on the development of haemoptysis in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 18:363-70. [PMID: 24670577 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of inhaler use with haemoptysis has rarely been reported in patients with non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effect of inhaler use on the development of haemoptysis in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis. METHODS In a case-crossover study of 192 non-CF bronchiectasis patients with a history of haemoptysis and inhaler use, the risk of haemoptysis associated with the use of inhalers was elucidated. Two inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting β₂-agonists (ICS/LABA), one long-acting muscarinic antagonist and one short-acting β₂-agonist (SABA) were evaluated. The case and control periods were defined respectively as 030 and 180210 days before haemoptysis. RESULTS The risk of haemoptysis during the case period was 3.51 times higher than during the control period with any use of inhalers (95%CI 1.966.28). The results of clinically significant haemoptysis showed good agreement with those of total events. These associations were consistent with the sensitivity analyses. In the sub-analysis according to inhaler type, ICS/LABA and SABA were significantly associated with an increased risk of haemoptysis (aOR 2.62, 95%CI 1.255.45; aOR 2.51, 95%CI 2.235.15). CONCLUSIONS In patients with non-CF bronchiectasis, the use of inhalers, especially including 2-agonist, was associated with an increased risk of haemoptysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-K Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S S Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Y Heo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-M Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H I Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - J-J Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-G Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D K Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chung HS, Lee S, Kwon SJ, Park CS. Perioperative predictors for refractory hyperglycemia during the neohepatic phase of liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:3474-80. [PMID: 25498075 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia in the neohepatic phase of liver transplantation (LT) tends to decrease toward completion of the surgical procedure. Refractory hyperglycemia in the neohepatic phase (RH) is influenced by multiple perioperative factors and may be connected to posttransplant outcomes. We attempted to demonstrate the relationship of RH to posttransplant outcomes and to establish a predictive model for RH in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS Perioperative data of 211 patients who underwent LDLT from 2009 and 2012 were reviewed, including declines in the blood glucose levels during the neohepatic phase. Perioperative variables including the posttransplant model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score until day 30 were compared between patients with normal declines in blood glucose and patients with RH. Selected variables after intergroup comparisons were examined by means of multivariate logistic regression to establish a predictive model for RH occurrence. RESULTS The mean blood glucose decline was 22.3 ± 31.5 mg/dL during the neohepatic phase, and 84 of 203 patients (41.4%) had no decline in blood glucose. In intergroup comparisons, preoperative factors associated with RH included sex, Child-Pugh-Turcotte class, MELD score, emergency, liver enzymes, and graft-to-recipient weight ratio. During surgery, surgical time, serum lactate, and arterial pH were associated with RH. After surgery, the RH group showed slower recovery of the MELD score (15.2 versus 11.9 days) and higher MELD scores until day 10 (P < .05). After the multivariate analysis, recipient sex, emergency, surgical time (≤9 h), and the final intraoperative serum lactate level (≥5.0 mmol/L) were included in the predictive model for RH. CONCLUSIONS RH was associated with delayed functional recovery of the liver graft in LT. Recipient sex, emergency, surgical time, and the final intraoperative serum lactate level were identified as predictors of RH. Close monitoring of intraoperative blood glucose in LDLT may be an early prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Lee H, Lee G, Jang H, Kim SS, Yoon H, Kang GH, Hwang DS, Kim SK, Chung HS, Bae H. Phospholipase A2 inhibits cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating regulatory T cells by the CD206 mannose receptor. Kidney Int 2015; 88:550-9. [PMID: 25993317 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that Foxp3-expressing CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells attenuate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice and that bee venom and its constituent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are capable of modulating Treg cells. Here we tested whether PLA2 could inhibit cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. As a result of treatment with PLA2, the population of Treg cells was significantly increased, both in vivo and in vitro. PLA2-injected mice showed reduced levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal tissue damage, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon cisplatin administration. These renoprotective effects were abolished by depletion of Treg cells. Furthermore, PLA2 bound to CD206 mannose receptors on dendritic cells, essential for the PLA2-mediated protective effects on renal dysfunction. Interestingly, PLA2 treatment increased the secretion of IL-10 in the kidney from normal mice. Foxp3(+)IL-10(+) cells and CD11c(+)IL-10(+) cells were increased by PLA2 treatment. The anticancer effects of repeated administrations of a low dose of cisplatin were not affected by PLA2 treatment in a tumor-bearing model. Thus, PLA2 may prevent inflammatory responses in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating Treg cells and IL-10 through the CD206 mannose receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Soram Korean Medicine Hospital, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heera Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Hyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bae H, Ye M, Lee C, Chung HS, Shim I. Neuroprotective effects of bee venom phospholipase A2 mediated by the suppression of neuroinflammatory responses in the 3xTg AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (THER2P.967). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.67.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neuroinflammatory disease. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immune tolerance in various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we sought to determine whether bee venom PLA2 promotes cognitive function in and modulates the patho-immunological features of AD in 3xTg-AD mice. PLA2 treatment significantly enhanced the cognitive function of the 3xTg-AD mice and increased glucose metabolism, as assessed with 18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F-18] FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). The levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the hippocampus were dramatically decreased following PLA2 treatment. This neuro-protective effect of PLA2 was associated with microglial deactivation and a reduction in CD4+ T cell infiltration. Interestingly, the neuroprotective effects of PLA2 were abolished in Treg-depleted mice. Therefore, the present studies strongly suggest that the modulation of peripheral immune tolerance by Treg might contribute to the neuroprotective effect of PLA2 in the 3xTg AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Bae
- 1Kyunghee University, College Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Minsook Ye
- 1Kyunghee University, College Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chanju Lee
- 1Kyunghee University, College Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- 1Kyunghee University, College Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Insop Shim
- 1Kyunghee University, College Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
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Kim JH, Chung HS, Antonisamy P, Lee SR, Bae H. Cardioprotective effect of rhizomes of Acorus gramineus against isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in pigs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 14:183-92. [PMID: 24420420 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of water extract of rhizomes of Acorus gramineus (AGR) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. Male pigs were orally administered with 250 or 500 mg/kg of AGR or with vehicle for 9 days, with concurrent subcutaneous injections of ISO on the 8th and 9th day. Administration of AGR significantly ameliorated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunctions as evidenced by the ventricular ST-segment interval and R-amplitude as well as the left ventricle fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Additionally, administration of AGR significantly attenuated increased cardiac injury markers, such as cardiac troponin T, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase activity, and cardiac marker enzymes, and prevented the depletion of antioxidant parameters. Malondialdehyde formation was also inhibited by AGR. Based on the results, it is concluded that AGR possesses significant cardioprotective potential and may serve as an adjunct in the treatment and prophylaxis of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeollabuk-Do, Chonju City, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the clinical features of lumbar hernia reported in South Korea and compare these features with those reported in foreign literature. METHODS From January 1968 through December 2013, 13 cases reported in South Korea were included in the study. The variables compared were age, sex, main symptoms at hospital visit, etiology, location, herniated contents, lateralization, defect size, diagnostic methods, surgical methods, surgical opinions, and recurrence. RESULTS In the South Korean cases, women outnumbered men (3.3:1) and no significant differences were found in the herniated side (left:right, 1.1:1). In contrast, in the foreign cases, men outnumbered women (3:1) and left-sided hernia was dominant (2:1). Moreover, in most of the foreign cases, patients were aged 50-70 years, whereas in the South Korean cases, none of the patients were in their 50 s. However, no substantial differences were found in etiology, anatomical locations, symptoms, and herniated contents. CONCLUSION This research revealed that few clinical features of lumbar hernias in South Korea differ from those reported in foreign literature. Thirteen cases were analyzed in the present study, and results obtained from such a small sample size cannot be generalized with certainty. Therefore, more cases should be collected for a definitive analysis. Despite this limitation, this study is important because it is the first attempt to collect and analyze the clinical features of lumbar hernia in South Korea. This study will serve as a basis for future studies investigating the clinical features of lumbar hernia cases in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, 99 Cheomdanwolbong-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, South Korea.
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - S H Song
- Department of Surgery, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, 99 Cheomdanwolbong-ro, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, South Korea
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Lee YJ, Shin S, Roh EY, Yoon JH, Kim DK, Chung HS, Lee CH. The effectiveness of a brochure describing an acceptable method of sputum collection for tuberculosis testing. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 17:1587-9. [PMID: 24200273 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of an educational brochure explaining proper sputum collection techniques for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Patients with suspected pulmonary TB (PTB) were randomly assigned to either the brochure-using group or the non-using group. No significant difference in positive TB culture rates was observed between the brochure-using and non-using groups (33.1% vs. 35.6%, P = 0.690). The proportions of acceptable specimen samples for bacterial pneumonia were also similar between the two groups (37.1% vs. 35.6%). An educational brochure provided by the attending physician explaining an acceptable specimen collection method for TB testing did not result in a higher detection rate of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Koo HK, Kim DK, Chung HS, Lee CH. Association between metabolic syndrome and rate of lung function decline: a longitudinal analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 17:1507-14. [PMID: 24125459 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Factors that influence the annual rate of decline of lung function need to be verified. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of metabolic syndrome, especially hypertension, on the annual rate of decline in lung function. DESIGN A total of 635 healthy participants without known respiratory disease completed baseline and follow-up routine check-ups, including a pulmonary function test, for at least 3 years. Age, sex, height, weight, waist circumference, smoking status, other underlying diseases, and pulmonary function and blood test results were carefully reviewed. RESULTS In a multivariable analysis of baseline data, diabetes was associated with lower forced vital capacity (FVC). In longitudinal analysis using mixed linear regression, hypertension was an independent predictor for acceleration of FVC decline rate compared to subjects without hypertension (-37.2 vs. -18.5 ml/year), while anti-hypertensive medication decelerated FVC decline in hypertensive subjects (-58.9 vs. -32.3 ml/year). The annual rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in groups with and without hypertension did not differ significantly. No significant difference was found in FEV1 or FVC annual rates of decline with regard to the presence of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity or abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION Hypertension is associated with an accelerated decline in FVC, but anti-hypertensive medication might abate the rate of decline in asymptomatic healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-K Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Chung HS, Park S, Baek H, Bae H. Inhibition of LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in mice by adenovirus mediated Foxp3 expression (HYP6P.275). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.118.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) is critical transcription factor in CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. There are increasing evidences that the functions of Foxp3 proteins are not restricted to regulatory T cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functions of Foxp3 proteins in LPS induced lung inflammation. In this study, LPS was administrated to Balb/c mice to induce a disease that resembles COPD. Two days prior to LPS administration, mice were infected once with the Foxp3-GFP or control GFP expression adenovirus to intra-trachea. The total cells and neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were counted and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in BAL fluid were measured after 3 days later from LPS administration. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histologic evaluation. Total cells, including eosinophil, macrophage and lymphocytes was significantly reduced in the foxp3 expression adenovirus infected mouse BAL fluid compared with the control adenovirus infected mouse BAL fluid. Foxp3-GFP or GFP was only detected in the lung epithelial cells by confocal microscopy. Using a mouse lung epithelial cell line, LA-4, Foxp3 adenovirus infected cells reduced the expression of chemokines such as CCL3, CXCL2 and CXCL5 by LPS stimulation. These results suggest that Foxp3 expression in lung epithelial cells suppresses inflammation via inhibition of chemokines secretion in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soojin Park
- 1Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyunsu Bae
- 1Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chung HS, Kim Y, Oh SJ, Kim H, Choi SI, Zhang Y, Jeong JH, Bae H. A synthetic compound, 4-acetyl-3-methyl-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione, ameliorates ovalbumin-induced asthma. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6359-65. [PMID: 24054491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilia is one of the characteristic signs of allergic inflammation. Massive migration of eosinophils to the airways can cause epithelial tissue injury, contraction of airway smooth muscle and increased bronchial responsiveness. Previously, we discovered a new compound, 1H,8H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione (PPY), derived from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia L. and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic properties. In this study, we synthesized a new modified compound, 4-acetyl-3-methyl-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione (PPY-345), which was based on the PPY skeleton, and we evaluated its anti-asthmatic effects. To evaluate the anti-asthmatic effect of PPY-345 in vitro, A549 lung epithelial cells were stimulated with TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-1-beta to induce the expression of CCL11 (Eotaxin), a chemokine involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. To characterize the anti-asthmatic properties of PPY-345 in vivo, we examined the influence of PPY-345 in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. PPY-345 treatments significantly reduced CCL11 secretion. PPY-345 treatment did not inhibit the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus but suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6). PPY-345 treatment significantly reduced airway hyperreactivity as measured by whole-body plethysmography. PPY-345 further reduced total cells, including eosinophil, macrophage and lymphocytes, in the BAL fluid, goblet cell hyperplasia and myosin light chain 2 positive smooth muscle cell area in the lung tissue. Additionally, PPY-345 significantly suppressed the levels of OVA-IgE present in the serum. These results suggested that PPY-345 could improve asthma symptoms in OVA-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Suck Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Lee JH, Chung HS, Song JH, Ha J, Bae H. Neuroprotective Effects of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase on Scopolamine Induced Memory Impairment. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 17:331-8. [PMID: 23946693 PMCID: PMC3741490 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important regulator of energy metabolism, is activated in response to cellular stress when intracellular levels of AMP increase. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of AMPK against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in vivo and glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. An adenovirus expressing AMPK wild type alpha subunit (WT) or a dominant negative form (DN) was injected into the hippocampus of rats using a stereotaxic apparatus. The AMPK WT-injected rats showed significant reversal of the scopolamine induced cognitive deficit as evaluated by escape latency in the Morris water maze. In addition, they showed enhanced acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-reactive neurons in the hippocampus, implying increased cholinergic activity in response to AMPK. We also studied the cellular mechanism by which AMPK protects against glutamate-induced cell death in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. We further demonstrated that AMPK WT-infected cells increased cell viability and reduced Annexin V positive hippocampal neurons. Western blot analysis indicated that AMPK WT-infected cells reduced the expression of Bax and had no effects on Bcl-2, which resulted in a decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These data suggest that AMPK is a useful cognitive impairment treatment target, and that its beneficial effects are mediated via the protective capacity of hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Chung HS, Jeong JH, Shin M, Hong M, Park S, Kim H, Yoon M, Kim H, Bae H. A synthetic compound, PPY-345, ameliorates ovalbumin-induced asthma (P6021). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.120.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Eosinophilia is one of the characteristic signs of allergic inflammation. Previously, we discovered a new compound, PPY, derived from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia L. and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic properties. In this study, we synthesized a new modified compound, PPY-345, which was based on the PPY skeleton, and we evaluated its anti-asthmatic effects. To evaluate the anti-asthmatic effect of PPY-345 in vitro, A549 lung epithelial cells were stimulated with TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-1-beta to induce the expression of CCL11, a chemokine involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. PPY-345 treatments significantly reduced CCL11 secretion. PPY-345 treatment did not inhibit the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus but suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6. To characterize the anti-asthmatic properties of PPY-345 in vivo, we examined the influence of PPY-345 in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. PPY-345 treatment significantly reduced airway hyperreactivity as measured by whole-body plethysmography. PPY-345 further reduced total cells, including eosinophil, macrophage and lymphocytes, in the BAL fluid, goblet cell hyperplasia and myosin light chain 2 positive smooth muscle cell area in the lung tissue. Additionally, PPY-345 significantly suppressed the levels of OVA-IgE present in the serum. These results suggested that PPY-345 could improve asthma symptoms in OVA-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minkyu Shin
- 1Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soojin Park
- 1Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankyum Kim
- 1Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hyunsu Bae
- 1Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chung HS, Kim SN, Jeong JH, Bae H. A novel synthetic compound 4-acetyl-3-methyl-6-(2-bromophenyl)pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione inhibits the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB pathway in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia cells. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:807-14. [PMID: 23377856 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we discovered a new compound, 1H,8H-Pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione (PPY), from Vitex rotundifolia L. and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects. In this study, we synthesized a new, modified compound 4-acetyl-3-methyl-6-(2-bromophenyl)pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione (PPY-Br) based on the PPY skeleton and evaluated its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. PPY-Br suppresses nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cell line and mouse primary microglia. The effect of PPY-Br on the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB was examined to identify the mechanism involved. The LPS-induced translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and phosphorylation of inhibitory-kappaB were almost completely blocked by PPY-Br. This study indicates that PPY-Br significantly attenuates the level of neurotoxic, proinflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. We suggest that PPY-Br presents a new candidate treatment for various neuro-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Suck Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim MS, Kim WG, Chung HS, Park BW, Ahn KS, Kim JJ, Bae H. Improvement of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by Platycodon grandiflorum fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum in NC/Nga mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1222-9. [PMID: 22863917 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized as a multi-factorial inflammatory skin disease that has been increasing worldwide. Previously, we demonstrated that FPG, which is Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), increases the level of interferon (IFN)-gamma in mouse splenocytes in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effects of FPG in an animal model of AD, with a particular emphasis on its effects on T helper (Th)1 and Th2 immune responses. To assess the potential use of FPG for the inhibition of AD, we established a model of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Immunoglobulin isotypes (Igs) and Th1/Th2 cytokines in the sera and spleens of AD-like mice were examined. In addition, histological examination was also performed. AD symptoms in skin lesions improved following oral administration of FPG. IgE secretion was significantly down-regulated, and this was accompanied by decreased levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IgG1 and increased serum levels of IL-12p40 and IgG2a in FPG-treated animals. In splenocytes, the production of the Th1 cytokines IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma was up-regulated, while the levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and 5 were down-regulated by FPG treatment. These results suggest that FPG inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing the Th2 cell response and increasing the Th1 cell responses. Our results indicate that FPG is safe and effective for the prevention of AD-like skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- Research Institute of Atopy and Immunity, CombiMed Co., Ltd., Seocho-gu, Seoul 137–070, South Korea
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Chung HS, Lee HJ, Shim I, Bae H. Assessment of anti-depressant effect of nelumbinis semen on rats under chronic mild stress and its subchronic oral toxicity in rats and beagle dogs. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:68. [PMID: 22640371 PMCID: PMC3407502 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we examined the antidepressant effects of Nelumbinis Semen (NS). In this study, we assessed the anti-depressant effects of NS in the forced swimming test and chronic mild stress (CMS) models of depression and its oral toxicity in rats and dogs. METHODS In the forced swimming test, NS was intraperitoneally injected before 24 h, 5 h and 1 h of forced swimming test. And the rats were forced to swim for 5 min, the duration of immobility was observed. In CMS models, animals were exposed to a variety of CMS for 8 weeks in order to induce depression-like symptoms. They were treated with NS for the last four weeks of the 8-week CMS and then an open field test was conducted. The anti-depression effects were evaluated based on a measured index, which consisted of visiting counts, start latency, rearing number and grooming time. In the toxicological studies, NS was administered to rats by gavages for 13 weeks at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day. To assess the toxicity of NS in beagle dogs, NS was administered orally for 28 days at doses of 0, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg/day. RESULTS 400 mg/kg of NS had the lowest immobility times in forced swimming test. And NS significantly reversed the decreased visiting counts, rearing number and grooming time caused by CMS. In addition, NS treatment significantly decreased the start latency. No treatment-related toxicity was detected during 13 weeks administration in rats and 28 days administration in dogs. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study and previous reports that have examined the anti-depressive effects of NS, NS holds great promise for use in the treatment of depression without causing any adverse effects or toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Suck Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hypocalcaemia detrimentally affects the cardiovascular system and massive transfusion-related hypocalcaemia is particularly severe in end-stage liver disease patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). This study, therefore, compared the severity and duration of ionized hypocalcaemia between patients with normal and impaired liver function. METHODS: Patients ( n = 26 per group) were transfused at a rate of 10 ml/kg within 10 min with packed red blood cells (PRBCs) during LT (group LP) or spinal surgery (group SP), or were infused with 0.9% normal saline during spinal surgery (group SN). Serum levels of ionized calcium were assessed before (T0), just after (T1), and at 20 (T2) and 60 min (T3) after transfusion. RESULTS: Transfusion with PRBCs caused more severe ionized hypocalcaemia than 0.9% normal saline at T1. In contrast to the faster (20 min) normalization in group SP, ionized hypocalcaemia in group LP persisted at T3. Serum ionized calcium levels at T3 showed correlations with vital signs, blood glucose, serum potassium, base deficit and lactate. CONCLUSION: Rapid blood transfusion caused more severe and prolonged ionized hypocalcaemia in patients with liver dysfunction than in those with normal liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- HS Chung
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Cho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - CS Park
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hong SH, Lee JM, Choi JH, Chung HS, Park JH, Park CS. Perioperative Assessment of Terlipressin Infusion during Living Donor Liver Transplantation. J Int Med Res 2012; 40:225-36. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001204000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of infusion of terlipressin during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS: Patients undergoing LDLT with low systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) ( n = 41) were randomly allocated into control ( n = 20) and terlipressin groups ( n = 21). Terlipressin was infused at 1.0 – 4.0 μg/kg per h in the terlipressin group during surgery. Controls received generally accepted inotropic and vasopressor agents. RESULTS: Terlipressin infusion induced significantly higher SVRI and PVRI at 60 min after drug infusion, produced significantly greater hourly urine output during the anhepatic phase, and was related to significantly shorter stays in the postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) compared with control treatment (mean ± SD ICU stay 5.7 ± 1.5 versus 6.9 ± 1.5 days, respectively). Patients given a terlipressin infusion > 2.0 μg/kg per h during the preanhepatic phase had a median ICU stay of < 6 days (sensitivity 90.0%; specificity 89.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Terlipressin infusion improved low SVRI and PVRI during LDLT and may have contributed to better renal function and shorter ICU stays.
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Hong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JM Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JH Choi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HS Chung
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JH Park
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - CS Park
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee CH, Kim HJ, Park CM, Lim KY, Lee JY, Kim DJ, Yeon JH, Hwang SS, Kim DK, Lee SM, Yim JJ, Yang SC, Yoo CG, Chung HS, Kim YW, Han SK, Shim YS. The impact of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema on mortality. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:1111-6. [PMID: 21740677 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING The impact on patient mortality of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) compared with emphysema alone has never been investigated. OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether CPFE has an impact on overall mortality over that of emphysema alone. DESIGN We screened patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scans during the period from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005 in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients who had both emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, thus meeting the inclusion criteria, were defined as CPFE. Controls with emphysema alone who were matched for age, sex and the date of CT scan were randomly selected. Cox proportional regression analysis was performed to verify whether CPFE is associated with increased overall mortality. RESULTS We found 135 CPFE cases. In the multivariable Cox regression stratified by the presence of comorbid malignancy, CPFE had five times higher mortality risk (adjusted HR 5.10, 95%CI 1.75-14.9) in non-malignant cases, and showed a statistically insignificant trend for higher mortality risk (adjusted HR 1.70, 95%CI 0.94-2.51) in the malignant cases after adjusting for forced vital capacity, height and hypertension. CONCLUSION CPFE is not rare and CPFE patients had a higher overall mortality risk than emphysema-only patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chung HS, Kim YS, Lee JM, Hong SH, Lee SR, Park CS. Intraoperative calcium-related risk factors for biochemical acute pancreatitis after living-donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1706-10. [PMID: 21693262 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory-based biochemical acute pancreatitis (BAP) is considered to be a benign but common complication after liver transplantation (LT), which to compensate for transfusion-related hypocalcemia, usually demands a large quantity of exogenous calcium which may be associated with pancreatic injury. We sought to investigate the relationship between intraoperative calcium-related factors and BAP occurrence after living-donor LT. Perioperative data, including intraoperative calcium chloride administration and serum calcium levels, were reviewed from 217 patients who underwent living-donor LT. Hyperamylasemia (≥ 458 U/L) was used to define posttransplantation BAP according to previous reports. Posttransplantation BAP was identified among 37 patients (17.3%), who showed a greater death rate than those in the non-BAP group (21.6% vs 8.6%; P = .013). Compared to with calcium-related parameters, the 2 groups showed differences in the amount of calcium chloride administered during the preanhepatic phase, the serum calcium surge during the initial 2 h after the liver graft reperfusion, the last serum calcium level, and the amount of transfused pack red blood cells (P < .05). However, after multivariate adjustment, only the amount of administered calcium chloride during the preanhepatic phase (odds ratios, 2.11-5.87, depending an amount) and the serum calcium surge during the initial 2 hours after liver graft reperfusion (odds ratio, 2.34) were selected as risk factors for posttransplantation BAP. The risk ratio of posttransplantation BAP increased in proportion to the administered amount of calcium chloride. In conclusion, limiting excessive calcium administration during the preanhepatic phase and close monitoring of the serum calcium surge after reperfusion may be required to prevent posttransplantation BAP in living-donor LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Chung HS, Kang M, Kim Y, Kim BS, Kim YS, Bae H. Anti-diabetic effect of standardized herbal formula PM021 consisting of Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus on type II diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 93:198-204. [PMID: 21524812 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PM021, which consists of two herbal components, Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus, is routinely used to treat diabetes in Korea. In this study, the anti-diabetic effect of PM021 on an animal model of developing type 2 diabetes of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats was investigated. Eight weeks of age male OLETF rats were treated daily with PM021 or vehicle for five months. Specifically, changes in body weight, blood glucose, urine volume, food intake and oral glucose tolerance were measured in rats for five months. The rats in this study were divided into four groups: a Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rat group, which is a genetic control group for OLETF, that received no treatment; a PM021 treatment group of LETO rats; OLETF rats that received no treatment; and OLETF rats that received PM021 treatment. The results showed that PM021 significantly prevented increases in body weight, blood glucose, and urine and food intake that resulted from the induction of obesity and diabetes. PM021 also improved glucose tolerance in OLETO rats. However, PM021 had no effect on LETO rats, a control group of OLETF rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that PM021 has distinct anti-diabetic effects without any adverse effects or toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, 1GA, Duckjin-Dong, Duckjin-Gu, Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-Do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyu Kang
- Central Research Institute, WhanIn Pharm. Co., Ltd, 906-5, Iui-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon-si, Kyunggi-Do 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Su Kim
- Department of Anatomy-Pointlogy, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sub Kim
- Department of Anatomy-Pointlogy, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-Dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Koh DJ, Ahn HS, Chung HS, Lee H, Kim Y, Lee JY, Kim DG, Hong M, Shin M, Bae H. Inhibitory effects of casticin on migration of eosinophil and expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules in A549 lung epithelial cells via NF-κB inactivation. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 136:399-405. [PMID: 21251967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Vitex rotundifolia L. have long been used for the treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract in East Asia. AIM To determine if casticin, one of the constituents of Vitex rotundifolia L., has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects in asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of casticin was studied in A549 human type II-like epithelial lung cells using an eotaxin inhibition assay. Additionally, its effects on eotaxin, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression were investigated by real time-polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR). The inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity in the presence of casticin was determined by analyzing confocal microscopy images of fluorescence immunocytochemical analysis while the suppression of inhibitory κB (IκB)-α phosphorylation was studied using Western blot analysis. Finally, the inhibitory effect of casticin on eosinophil migration toward prestimulated A549 cell media was measured using the human eosinophilic leukemia cell line. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Casticin significantly suppressed eotaxin production in cytokine activated A549 lung epithelial cells. Casticin also suppressed the mRNA expression levels of eotaxin, RANTES, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1, which subsequently contributed to the inhibition of eosinophil migration. Furthermore, casticin inhibited IκB-α phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 in A549 cells. CONCLUSION Casiticin inhibited the eosinophil migration and activity of chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in the inflammatory process of asthma by suppressing the NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that casticin has the potential for use in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck-jae Koh
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JS, Lee CH, Yim JJ, Yang SC, Yoo CG, Chung HS, Kim YW, Han SK, Shim YS, Kim DK. Impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on postbronchoscopy fever: a randomised controlled study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:528-35. [PMID: 21396214 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postbronchoscopy fever can develop in 5-16% of adult patients. The microbiological contribution to postbronchoscopy fever is unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the development of postbronchoscopy fever and pneumonia. DESIGN Study patients were randomised to receive no treatment or oral amoxicillin/clavulanate 30 min before flexible bronchoscopy. The primary outcome variable was the frequency of postbronchoscopy fever and pneumonia. White blood cell counts, C-reactive protein and the serum pyrogenic cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha were measured before and after bronchoscopy. RESULTS Of 143 subjects enrolled in the study, the final analysis was performed among 67 subjects in the prophylaxis group and 64 in the control group. The frequency of postbronchoscopy fever did not differ between the groups (25.4% for the prophylaxis group vs. 26.6% for controls, P > 0.05). Pneumonia developed in 1.5% of the prophylaxis group and 4.7% of the controls. There was no bacteraemia in either group. Serum pyrogenic cytokines did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic antibiotics before bronchoscopy did not reduce the frequency of postbronchoscopy fever and did not affect serum levels of pyrogenic cytokines. These findings suggest that microbiological factors may not be responsible for the development of postbronchoscopy fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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