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Zhang W, Bai X, Guo J, Yang J, Yu B, Chen J, Wang J, Zhao D, Zhang H, Liu M. Hyperspectral imaging for in situ visual assessment of Industrial-Scale ginseng. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A: MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124700. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2024.124700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
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Zhang W, Bai X, Guo J, Yang J, Yu B, Chen J, Wang J, Zhao D, Zhang H, Liu M. Hyperspectral imaging for in situ visual assessment of Industrial-Scale ginseng. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124700. [PMID: 38925038 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In industrial production, the timely assessment of ginseng-derived ingredients is crucial and requires nondestructive techniques for identifying and analyzing composition. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) effectively visualizes the three-dimensional spatial distribution of phytochemicals in dried ginseng. This study explores the in-situ prediction and visualization of moisture content (MC) and ginsenoside content (GC) in thermally processed ginseng using dual-band HSI. We collected hyperspectral images from 216 raw ginseng samples, which underwent dimensionality reduction, noise reduction, and feature enhancement via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Minimum Noise Separation (MNF). Linear regression models were developed following these pretreatments and evaluated using a validation set. The PCA-based models demonstrated superior performance over those based on MNF, especially in predicting GC in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. Similarly, models predicting MC in the visible spectrum showed favorable results. HSI enables rapid generation of distribution maps, facilitating real-time imaging for commercial applications. Repeated drying cycles and increased duration primarily affect the textural characteristics and visible color of the ginseng surface, without significantly altering its intrinsic properties. The deployment of this predictive model alongside real-time content inversion using HSI technology holds promise for integrating visual and intelligent quality monitoring in the trade of valuable herbal commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Precision Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Baishan Lincun Traditional Chinese Medicine Development CO., Ltd, Jingyu, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Precision Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Precision Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Song G, Yan Y, Guo C, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Gao C, Lian J, Piao X, Di P. Identification and Expression Analysis of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors Associated with Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Panax quinquefolius. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3709. [PMID: 38612520 PMCID: PMC11011825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax quinquefolius L. is an important medicinal plant, and flavonoids are among its main secondary metabolites. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. In our study, we identified 159 R2R3-MYBs and analyzed their physical and chemical properties in P. quinquefolius. The protein length of 159 PqMYBs varied from 107 to 1050 amino acids. The molecular weight ranged from 12.21 to 116.44 kDa. The isoelectric point was between 4.57 and 10.34. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of P. quinquefolius and Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB family members, and PqMYB members were divided into 33 subgroups. Transcriptome data analysis showed that the expression patterns of PqMYBs in root, leaf, and flower were significantly different. Following the MeJA treatment of seedlings, five candidate PqMYB genes demonstrated a response. A correlation analysis of PqMYBs and candidate flavonoid pathway genes showed that PqMYB2, PqMYB46, and PqMYB72 had correlation coefficients that were higher than 0.8 with PqCHS, PqANS4, and PqCCoAMT10, respectively. Furthermore, a transient expression assay confirmed that the three PqMYBs were localized in the nucleus. We speculated that these three PqMYBs were related to flavonoid biosynthesis in P. quinquefolius. These results provided a theoretical basis and a new perspective for further understanding the R2R3-MYB gene family and the biosynthesis mechanism of secondary metabolites in P. quinquefolius.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangmin Piao
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (G.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (G.S.); (Y.Y.); (C.G.); (J.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (J.L.)
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Tajudeen H, Ha S, Hosseindoust A, Mun J, Park S, Su CP, Kinara E, Kim J. The pharmaceutical effect of Korean wild ginseng residue extract on the performance, microbiota quality, cytokine expression, and the ginseng saponin content of laying hen. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103467. [PMID: 38295502 PMCID: PMC10844852 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a total of 312 Hyline brown laying hen of 1.92 ± 0.12 kg acquired at 24-wk old were employed to evaluate the pharmaceutical effect of Korean wild ginseng residue extract administered via drinking water on the performance, microbiota quality, cytokine expression, and the ginsenoside saponin (GS) content of laying hen for 12 wk. In the experiments, basic feed (CON) was compared with basic feed + 0.05% wild ginseng in drinking water (WGD1), basic feed + 0.1% wild ginseng in drinking water (WGD2), and basic feed + 0.5% wild ginseng in drinking water (WGD3). At the end of study, hen-day egg production (HDEP), average egg weight (AEW), and egg mass (EM) were linearly higher (p < 0.05) in WGD3 at wk 30 to 33, 34 to 37 wk, and the cumulative wk compared with CON. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was linearly lower in WGD3 at 34 to 37 wk, and the cumulative wk compared with CON. Relative expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was linearly lower (p < 0.05) in the WGD3 at wk 30 to 33, and 34 to 37 wk compared with CON. The GS in egg yolk was linearly higher (p < 0.05) in laying hens supplemented the WGD3 treatment at wk 34 to 37, while the fecal microflora quantity of Lactobacillus was linearly higher (p < 0.05) in WGD3 at wk 30 to 33, till 34 to 37 wk, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was linearly lower (p < 0.05) in the WGD2 and WGD3 from 2637 wk compared with CON. We concluded the result in HDEP, AEW, EM, and FCR were due to the increase in GS content, tentatively leading to an improvement in the TNF-α, and fecal microflora quality such as Lactobacillus and E. coli in the WGD3. We therefore recommend the use of WGD3 at application level 0.5% in drinking water for optimum laying performance from 30 to 37 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SangHun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Serin Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi Pok Su
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Elick Kinara
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Titova MV, Lunkova MK, Tyurina TM, Prudnikova ON, Popova EV, Klychnikov OI, Metalnikov PS, Ikhalaynen YA, Vasileva EN, Rodin IA, Nosov AM. Suspension cell cultures of Panax vietnamensis as a biotechnological source of ginsenosides: growth, cytology, and ginsenoside profile assessment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349494. [PMID: 38469323 PMCID: PMC10926444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Panax vietnamensis is a valuable medicinal plant and a source of a broad spectrum of biologically active ginsenosides of different structural groups. Overexploitation and low adaptability to planation cultivation have made this species vulnerable to human pressure and prompted the development of cell cultivation in vitro as a sustainable alternative to harvesting wild plants for their bioactive components. Despite high interest in biotechnological production, little is known about the main factors affecting cell growth and ginsenoside biosynthesis of this species under in vitro conditions. In this study, the potential of cell cultures of P. vietnamensis as a biotechnological source of ginsenosides was was assessed. Methods Six suspension cell lines that were developed from different sections of a single rhizome through a multi-step culture optimization process and maintained for over 3 years on media with different mineral salt base and varying contents of auxins and cytokinins. These cell lines were evaluated for productivity parameters and cytological characteristics. Ginsenoside profiles were assessed using a combination of the reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS). Results All lines demonstrated good growth with a specific growth rate of 0.1-0.2 day-1, economic coefficient of 0.31-0.70, productivity on dry weight (DW) of 0.30-0.83 gDW (L·day)-1, and maximum biomass accumulation varying from 10 to 22 gDW L-1. Ginsenosides of the protopanaxadiol (Rb1, Rb2/Rb3, malonyl-Rb1, and malonyl-Rb2/Rb3), oleanolic acid (R0 and chikusetsusaponin IV), and ocotillol (vinaginsenoside R1) groups and their isomers were identified in cell biomass extracts. Chikusetsusaponin IV was identified in P. vietnamensis cell culture for the first time. Discussion These results suggest that suspension cell cultures of Vietnamese ginseng have a high potential for the biotechnological production of biomass containing ginsenosides, particularly of the oleanolic acid and ocotillol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Titova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria K. Lunkova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Tyurina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N. Prudnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Popova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Klychnikov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Metalnikov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri A. Ikhalaynen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta N. Vasileva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Rodin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Nosov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Oiram Filho F, Mitri MP, Zocolo GJ, Canuto KM, de Brito ES. Validation of a Method for Anacardic Acid Quantification in Cashew Peduncles via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to a Diode-Array Detector. Foods 2023; 12:2759. [PMID: 37509851 PMCID: PMC10379927 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cashew peduncle has a high nutritional value and contains a wide variety of phenolic compounds. Among these, anacardic acids (AnAc) are biologically active components; however, they influence the cashew juice flavor and, consequently, its acceptance. This study validates a high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying the AnAc present in cashew peduncles, using a C18 reverse-phase column and a diode-array detector. The calibration curve obtained showed satisfactory precision for intraday (CV = 0.20%) and interday (CV = 0.29%) quantification, linearity (y = 2333.5x + 2956.2; r2 = 0.9979), repeatability with respect to retention time (CV = 0.45%) and area (CV = 0.30%), and selectivity, and possessed detection and quantification limits of 0.18 and 0.85 µg·mL-1, respectively. Different cashew clones containing AnAc were extracted and analyzed using the proposed method. A recovery of >90% was achieved using two sequential extractions. The total AnAc content ranged from 128.35 to 217.00 mg·100 g-1 in peduncle samples obtained from five different cashew clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Oiram Filho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | - Morgana Pereira Mitri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edy Sousa de Brito
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Pici, Fortaleza 60511-110, CE, Brazil
- Embrapa Alimentos e Territórios, Maceió 60020-050, AL, Brazil
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Jen CT, Hsu BY, Chen BH. A study on anti-fatigue effects in rats by nanoemulsion and liposome prepared from American ginseng root residue extract. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sun J, Zhong X, Sun D, Cao X, Yao F, Shi L, Liu Y. Structural characterization of polysaccharides recovered from extraction residue of ginseng root saponins and its fruit nutrition preservation performance. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934927. [PMID: 35978961 PMCID: PMC9376600 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides recovered from extraction residue of ginseng root saponins, i.e., ginsenosides-extracting residue polysaccharides (GRP), were separated into two fractions, GRP-1 and GRP-2. Fourier infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as high-performance liquid chromatography and gel permeation chromatography measurements, showed GRP-1 was composed of mainly starch-like glucans and GRP-2, relatively a smaller portion, was a mixture of heteropolysaccharides composed of starch-like glucans, rhamnogalacturonan-I pectin, and arabinogalactans, and they had similar molecular weights. These results proved that the structure of GRP was not destroyed and GRP still maintained strong antioxidant activities. In addition, GRP coating on surfaces of fruit slowed their deterioration and maintained their nutritional effects. Correlation and PCA analyses on various quality and antioxidant parameters supported the above findings and a possible mechanism in fruit preservation was then proposed. Knowing the structural features and bioactivities of GRP gives insights into its application. Specifically, GRP served as an environmentally friendly coating that can be used to preserve the nutrients and other quality indicators of strawberries and fresh-cut apples, paving the way for future new approaches to food preservation using polysaccharides or other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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