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Titova MV, Lunkova MK, Tyurina TM, Prudnikova ON, Popova EV, Klychnikov OI, Metalnikov PS, Ikhalaynen YA, Vasileva EN, Rodin IA, Nosov AM. Suspension cell cultures of Panax vietnamensis as a biotechnological source of ginsenosides: growth, cytology, and ginsenoside profile assessment. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1349494. [PMID: 38469323 PMCID: PMC10926444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Panax vietnamensis is a valuable medicinal plant and a source of a broad spectrum of biologically active ginsenosides of different structural groups. Overexploitation and low adaptability to planation cultivation have made this species vulnerable to human pressure and prompted the development of cell cultivation in vitro as a sustainable alternative to harvesting wild plants for their bioactive components. Despite high interest in biotechnological production, little is known about the main factors affecting cell growth and ginsenoside biosynthesis of this species under in vitro conditions. In this study, the potential of cell cultures of P. vietnamensis as a biotechnological source of ginsenosides was was assessed. Methods Six suspension cell lines that were developed from different sections of a single rhizome through a multi-step culture optimization process and maintained for over 3 years on media with different mineral salt base and varying contents of auxins and cytokinins. These cell lines were evaluated for productivity parameters and cytological characteristics. Ginsenoside profiles were assessed using a combination of the reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS). Results All lines demonstrated good growth with a specific growth rate of 0.1-0.2 day-1, economic coefficient of 0.31-0.70, productivity on dry weight (DW) of 0.30-0.83 gDW (L·day)-1, and maximum biomass accumulation varying from 10 to 22 gDW L-1. Ginsenosides of the protopanaxadiol (Rb1, Rb2/Rb3, malonyl-Rb1, and malonyl-Rb2/Rb3), oleanolic acid (R0 and chikusetsusaponin IV), and ocotillol (vinaginsenoside R1) groups and their isomers were identified in cell biomass extracts. Chikusetsusaponin IV was identified in P. vietnamensis cell culture for the first time. Discussion These results suggest that suspension cell cultures of Vietnamese ginseng have a high potential for the biotechnological production of biomass containing ginsenosides, particularly of the oleanolic acid and ocotillol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Titova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria K. Lunkova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Tyurina
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N. Prudnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Popova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg I. Klychnikov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Metalnikov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri A. Ikhalaynen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta N. Vasileva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Rodin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Nosov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Le HK, Phan TT, Nguyen TMN, Nguyen TC, Tran CL, Hansen PE, That QT. A new sesquiterpene lactone from the leaves of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. ( Vietnamese ginseng). Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3580-3587. [PMID: 35767319 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2094374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Panax vietnamensis (Vietnamese ginseng, Ngoc Linh ginseng) is an endemic Panax species of Vietnam. From the methanol extract of the leaves of Panax vietnamensis, five compounds (1-5) were isolated, including one new sesquiterpene lactone such as panaxolide (1) and four known compounds. The structures of the compounds (1-5) were elucidated by spectral techniques such as 1 D NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR), 2 D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined based on the Cotton effects in the CD spectrum. All of the five compounds were screened for their in vitro growth inhibitory activities against cancerous cells (HepG2) and normal cells (fibroblast) using the SRB assay. Panaxolide (1) showed the highest potential for the growth inhibition of cancerous cells HepG2 with the IC50 values of 63.8 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Khang Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Tung Phan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi My Nuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Quang Ton That
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Vu VT, Nguyen NH, Anh NTH, Tung PHT, Thuong PT, Tung NH. Panaxindole, a novel indole alkaloid N-glucoside from the leaves of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. ( Vietnamese ginseng). J Nat Med 2023; 77:972-977. [PMID: 37432537 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha and Grushv., Araliaceae) is indigenous in the central highlands of Vietnam and the southernmost distribution in the Panax genus. Like other ginseng, Vietnamese ginseng is well known has been used as a tonic and for management of certain diseases in the traditional medicine. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that in respect to the long history in use and systematic studied on Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), Japanese ginseng (P. japonicus), and Chinese ginseng (P. notoginseng), the up-to-date published database on Vietnamese ginseng is relatively much less extensive. In our ongoing research on the promising Vietnamese medicinal plants, the present phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Panax vietnamensis led to the isolation of three compounds (1-3), including a new indole alkaloid N-glycoside (1) and two known compounds. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive physiochemical and chemical methods, especially the interpretation of NMR and MS spectra. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined based on the comparison of its experimental and theoretical ECD spectra along with NMR calculation. Compound 1 is naturally isolated N-glycoside, which is rarely found in natural products. The isolated compounds showed weak or no inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Tuan Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Hoang Anh
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Phuong Thien Thuong
- Vietnam-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (VKIST), Hoa Lac High-Tech Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen-Huu Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Vietnam.
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Nguyen HT, Phan LK, Huynh KLV, Duong TH, Le HT, Hai-Yen NT, Yen NTH, Long NP, Nguyen MD. Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for the Differentiation between Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. Metabolites 2023; 13:763. [PMID: 37367920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax vietnamensis var. vietnamensis (PVV) and Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus (PVF) both belong to Panax vietnamensis species and are chemically and morphologically similar, making it hard to distinguish for the consumer. Herein, 42 PVF and 12 PVV samples were collected in Quang Nam and Lai Chau Province, respectively, and subsequently characterized by ITSr-DNA sequence data to verify their origins. Next, untargeted metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis was developed to differentiate PVV and PVF. The metabolic profiles of PVV and PVF were found to be distinct and classified well using Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) in the training set. Among them, seven ginsenosides were of high abundance in PVV, while six were of high abundance in PVF. Next, the test set was used to validate 13 putative differential markers found in the training set, illustrating a complete match with the expression patterns of these ginsenosides in the training set. Finally, PLS-DA and linear Support Vector Machine models both indicated distinct ginsenoside profiles of PVV and PVF without misclassification in the test set. Conclusively, the developed untargeted metabolomics approach might serve as a powerful tool for the authentication of PVV and PVF at the metabolome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Truong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Long Ke Phan
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 122300, Vietnam
| | - Kim-Long Vu Huynh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City 72700, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thuy Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaco Genomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaco Genomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Tien NQD, Ma X, Man LQ, Chi DTK, Huy NX, Nhut DT, Rombauts S, Ut T, Loc NH. De novo whole-genome assembly and discovery of genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis of Vietnamese ginseng ( Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:2215-2229. [PMID: 34744362 PMCID: PMC8526660 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.), also known as Ngoc Linh ginseng, is a high-value herb in Vietnam. Vietnamese ginseng has been proven to be effective in enhancing the immune system, human memory, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and prevent aging. The present study reports the first draft whole-genome of Vietnamese ginseng and the identification of potential genes involved in the triterpenoid metabolic pathway. De novo whole-genome assembly was performed successfully from a data of approximately 139 Gbps of 394,802,120 high quality reads to generate 9815 scaffolds with an N50 value of 572,722 bp from the leaf of Vietnamese ginseng. The assembled genome of Vietnamese ginseng is 3,001,967,204 bp long containing 79,374 gene models. Among them, there are 55,012 genes (69.30%) were annotated by various public molecular biology databases. The potential genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in Vietnamese ginseng and their metabolic pathway were also predicted." Three genes encoding squalene monooxygenase isozymes in Vietnamese ginseng were cloned, sequenced and characterized. Moreover, expression levels of several key genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in different parts of Vietnamese ginseng were also analyzed. The SSR markers were detected by various programs from both of assembly full dataset of Vietnamese ginseng genome and predicted genes. The present work provided important data of the draft whole-genome of Vietnamese ginseng for further studies to understand the role of genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and their metabolic pathway at the molecular level of this rare medicinal species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01076-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quang Duc Tien
- Bioactive Compound Institute, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
- Department of Biology, Bioactive Compound Institute, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Xiao Ma
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Le Quang Man
- Bioactive Compound Institute, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Kim Chi
- Bioactive Compound Institute, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | | | - Duong-Tan Nhut
- Tay Nguyen Institute of Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Dalat, 670000 Vietnam
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tran Ut
- Ngoc Linh Ginseng and Medicinal Materials Development Center, Quang Nam Quang Ngai, 51000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Bioactive Compound Institute, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
- Department of Biology, Bioactive Compound Institute, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
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Nguyen HT, Vu-Huynh KL, Nguyen HM, Le HT, Le THV, Park JH, Nguyen MD. Evaluation of the Saponin Content in Panax vietnamensis Acclimatized to Lam Dong Province by HPLC-UV/CAD. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175373. [PMID: 34500805 PMCID: PMC8433671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax vietnamensis, or Vietnamese ginseng (VG), an endemic Panax species in Vietnam, possesses a unique saponin profile and interesting biological activities. This plant is presently in danger of extinction due to over-exploitation, resulting in many preservation efforts towards the geographical acclimatization of VG. Yet, no information on the saponin content of the acclimatized VG, an important quality indicator, is available. Here, we analyzed the saponin content in the underground parts of two- to five-year-old VG plants acclimatized to Lam Dong province. Nine characteristic saponins, including notoginsenoside-R1, ginsenoside-Rg1, -Rb1, -Rd, majonoside-R1, -R2 vina-ginsenoside-R2, -R11, and pseudoginsenoside-RT4, were simultaneously determined by HPLC coupled with UV and with a charged aerosol detector (CAD). Analyzing the results illustrated that the detection of characteristic ocotillol-type saponins in VG by CAD presented a superior capacity compared with that of UV, thus implying a preferential choice of CAD for the analysis of VG. The quantitative results indicating the saponin content in the underground parts of VG showed an increasing tendency from two to five years old, with the root and the rhizome exhibiting different saponin accumulation patterns. This is the first study that reveals the preliminary success of VG acclimatization and thereby encourages the continuing efforts to develop this valuable saponin-rich plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Truong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (H.T.N.); (K.L.V.-H.); (H.M.N.); (H.T.L.)
| | - Kim Long Vu-Huynh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (H.T.N.); (K.L.V.-H.); (H.M.N.); (H.T.L.)
| | - Hien Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (H.T.N.); (K.L.V.-H.); (H.M.N.); (H.T.L.)
| | - Huong Thuy Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (H.T.N.); (K.L.V.-H.); (H.M.N.); (H.T.L.)
| | - Thi Hong Van Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.P.); (M.D.N.); Tel.: +82-10-37027857 (J.H.P.); +84-28-37761043 (M.D.N.)
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (H.T.N.); (K.L.V.-H.); (H.M.N.); (H.T.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.P.); (M.D.N.); Tel.: +82-10-37027857 (J.H.P.); +84-28-37761043 (M.D.N.)
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Thu VT, Yen NTH, Tung NH, Bich PT, Han J, Kim HK. Majonoside-R2 extracted from Vietnamese ginseng protects H9C2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via modulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127814. [PMID: 33486054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vietnamese ginseng has a therapeutic effect on various diseases; however its bioactivity against cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the protective roles of total saponin extract (TSE) and majonoside-R2 (MR2) targeting mitochondria in HR-induced rat cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells. The results showed that both TSE and MR2 effectively protected the cells from HR damage. Particularly, 9 µM of MR2 significantly increased the viability of HR-induced cells (p < 0.05). Interestingly, MR2 treatment markedly prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cardiolipin content, and an increase in reactive oxygen species production in HR-treated H9C2 cells. Moreover, MR2 treatment altered the mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis under HR conditions. The present study documented for the first time the cardioprotective effects of MR2 against HR injury by maintaining mitochondrial function and modulating mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Thu
- Center for Life Science Research, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; The Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngo Thi Hai Yen
- Center for Life Science Research, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Pham Thi Bich
- Center for Life Science Research, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jin Han
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Dela Peña IJI, Kim HJ, Botanas CJ, de la Peña JB, Van Le TH, Nguyen MD, Park JH, Cheong JH. The psychopharmacological activities of Vietnamese ginseng in mice: characterization of its psychomotor, sedative-hypnotic, antistress, anxiolytic, and cognitive effects. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:201-208. [PMID: 28413325 PMCID: PMC5386119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. or Vietnamese ginseng (VG) is a recently discovered ginseng species. Studies on its chemical constituents have shown that VG is remarkably rich in ginseng saponins, particularly ocotillol saponins. However, the psychopharmacological effects of VG have not been characterized. Thus, in the present study we screened the psychopharmacological activities of VG in mice. Methods VG extract (VGE) was orally administered to mice at various dosages to evaluate its psychomotor (open-field and rota-rod tests), sedative–hypnotic (pentobarbital-induced sleeping test), antistress (cold swimming test), anxiolytic (elevated plus-maze test), and cognitive (Y-maze and passive-avoidance tests) effects. Results VGE treatment increased the spontaneous locomotor activity, enhanced the endurance to stress, reduced the anxiety-like behavior, and ameliorated the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. In addition, VGE treatment did not alter the motor balance and coordination of mice and did not potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleep, indicating that VGE has no sedative-hypnotic effects. The effects of VGE were comparable to those of the Korean Red Ginseng extract. Conclusion VG, like other ginseng products, has significant and potentially useful psychopharmacological effects. This includes, but is not limited to, psychomotor stimulation, anxiolytic, antistress, and memory enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Joy I Dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thi Hong Van Le
- School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Nguyen B, Kim K, Kim YC, Lee SC, Shin JE, Lee J, Kim NH, Jang W, Choi HI, Yang TJ. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv (Araliaceae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 28:85-86. [PMID: 26710166 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Panax vietnamensis, a medicinal herb belonging to Araliaceae family, was generated by de novo assembly using whole genome next-generation sequences. The chloroplast genome was a circular form of 155 992 bp long and showed typical chloroplast genome structure consisting of a large single-copy region of 86 177 bp, a small single copy region of 17 935 bp and a pair of inverted repeats of 25 940 bp. The chloroplast genome had 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis with the reported chloroplast genomes revealed that four Panax species were grouped in the same clade and P. vietnamensis is more closely related to P. notoginseng than P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Nguyen
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Kim
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Phyzen Genomics Institute , Gwanak-Gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chang Kim
- c Department of Herbal Crop Research , National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration , Eumseong-Gun , Chungcheongbuk-Do , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Sang-Choon Lee
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Shin
- b Phyzen Genomics Institute , Gwanak-Gu , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Junki Lee
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hoon Kim
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Woojong Jang
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Il Choi
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- a Department of Plant Science , Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Background Steaming of ginseng is known to change its chemical composition and biological activity. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different steaming time-scales on chemical constituents and antiproliferative activity of Vietnamese ginseng (VG). Methods VG was steamed at 105°C for 2–20 h. Its saponin constituents and antiproliferative activity were studied. The similarity of chemical compositions between steamed samples at 105°C and 120°C were compared. Results Most protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides lost the sugar moiety at the C-20 position with 10–14 h steaming at 105°C and changed to their less polar analogues. However, ocotillol (OCT) ginsenosides were reasonably stable to steaming process. Antiproliferative activity against A549 lung cancer cells was increased on steaming and reached its plateau after 12 h steaming. Conclusion Steaming VG at 105°C showed a similar tendency of chemical degradation to the steaming VG at 120°C except the slower rate of reaction. Its rate was about one-third of the steaming at 120°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Van Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Seo Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ngoc Khoi Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Le THV, Lee SY, Kim TR, Kim JY, Kwon SW, Nguyen NK, Park JH, Nguyen MD. Processed Vietnamese ginseng: Preliminary results in chemistry and biological activity. J Ginseng Res 2013; 38:154-9. [PMID: 24748840 PMCID: PMC3986633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the steaming process on chemical constituents, free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative effect of Vietnamese ginseng. Methods Samples of powdered Vietnamese ginseng were steamed at 120°C for various times and their extracts were subjected to chemical and biological studies. Results Upon steaming, contents of polar ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, were rapidly decreased, whereas less polar ginsenosides such as Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rk3, and Rh4 were increased as reported previously. However, ocotillol type saponins, which have no glycosyl moiety at the C-20 position, were relatively stable on steaming. The radical scavenging activity was increased continuously up to 20 h of steaming. Similarly, the antiproliferative activity against A549 lung cancer cells was also increased. Conclusion It seems that the antiproliferative activity is closely related to the contents of ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Van Le
- School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Seo Young Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ngoc Khoi Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minh Duc Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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