1
|
Zheng G, Qiu G, Qian H, Shu Q, Xu J. Multifaceted role of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in lung injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332440. [PMID: 38375473 PMCID: PMC10875085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third human coronavirus to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and contains four structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that all four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are capable of causing lung injury, even without the presence of intact virus. Therefore, the topic of SARS-CoV-2 structural protein-evoked lung injury warrants more attention. In the current article, we first synopsize the structural features of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. Second, we discuss the mechanisms for structural protein-induced inflammatory responses in vitro. Finally, we list the findings that indicate structural proteins themselves are toxic and sufficient to induce lung injury in vivo. Recognizing mechanisms of lung injury triggered by SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins may facilitate the development of targeted modalities in treating COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanguan Qiu
- Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifeng Qian
- Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hammood MK, Jeber JN, Khalaf MA, Abdul Hadi Kharaba H. Rapid colorimetric sensing of chlorpromazine HCl antipsychotic through in situ growth of gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2327-2339. [PMID: 38213959 PMCID: PMC10782504 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs like chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) are widely used to treat mental illnesses but can accumulate in the environment if not properly disposed of. Long-term exposure to trace levels of such pharmaceuticals may pose health risks. This study reports a colorimetric assay for detection of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) based on its ability to reduce gold ions and form gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Optimization of reaction conditions such as pH, temperature and reagent concentrations enabled quantitative analysis of CPZ concentrations from 0.1-30 μg mL-1, with a detection limit of 0.06 μg mL-1, 0.23 μg mL-1 quantification limit and less than 3.5% RSD. The AuNPs exhibited a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 527 nm detectable by UV-vis spectrophotometry. Method validation with spiked serum, urine and environmental water samples demonstrated acceptable accuracy and precision. Interfering substances showed minimal impact, indicating resilience and specificity. This rapid, inexpensive colorimetric assay could facilitate environmental monitoring and biomedical analysis of antipsychotic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K Hammood
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad 10071 Baghdad Iraq +9647702519630
| | - Jalal N Jeber
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad 10071 Baghdad Iraq +9647702519630
| | - Maryam A Khalaf
- Ministry of Education Karkh Education Directorate 1 Baghdad Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
LI Z, WAN Y, XU L, ZHANG W, ZHANG Y, LIAO P. Clinical and laboratory features in health care volunteers with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1185-1193. [PMID: 38813035 PMCID: PMC10763784 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To better optimize the inactivated vaccine-induced immune response and improve vaccine protection efficiency, a preliminary study was conducted on the influencing factors of producing neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Materials and methods A total of 91 health care volunteers were enrolled from the Immunology Division of the Laboratory Department of Chongqing General Hospital from February to March 2021. The study had a cross-sectional design. All of the volunteers were scheduled to receive a complete dose regimen of the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine and the vaccination interval between 2 doses was 14 days. Clinical and laboratory features were collected for further analysis. Results The NAb titers gradually increased after COVID-19 vaccination, and 72.53% (n = 66) of the volunteers had NAbs after the second dose. Eight variables, including CD16+CD56+ NK cell level before the first dose (HR = 0.94, p = 0.02), CD16+CD56+ NK cell level after the second dose (HR = 0.94, p = 0.03), interleukin (IL)-2 level before the first dose (HR = 2.09, p = 0.05), mean corpuscular volume (HR = 0.86, p = 0.02), serum urea level (HR = 0.69, p = 0.05), increment of CD19+ B cells (HR = 0.86, p = 0.03), increment of CD4+/CD8+ T cells (HR = 0.21, p = 0.03), and increment of the IL-6 level (HR = 0.75, p = 0.04) demonstrated a correlation with the NAb titers after COVID-19 vaccination. In the multivariate logistical regression analysis, the serum urea level (HR = 2.32, P = 0.03) and increment of CD19+ B cells (HR = 1.96, p = 0.03) were positively correlated with the NAb titers. The principal component analysis effectively distinguished the response after COVID-19 vaccination. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the CD19+ B cell level (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and IL-2 (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and IL-6 levels (r = 0.22, p < 0.001) were weakly positively correlated with the concentration of NAbs. Conclusion The NAbs titers of the inactivated vaccines were positively correlated with the ratio of CD19+ B cell, IL-6, and IL-2 levels in the serum, which provide clinical guidance for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie LI
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Yafang WAN
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Lanlan XU
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Wenjia ZHANG
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Yu ZHANG
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Pu LIAO
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hessien M, Donia T, Tabll AA, Adly E, Abdelhafez TH, Attia A, Alkafaas SS, Kuna L, Glasnovic M, Cosic V, Smolic R, Smolic M. Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2? Viruses 2023; 15:v15051040. [PMID: 37243127 DOI: 10.3390/v15051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) canonically utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and several other endocytic mechanisms to invade airway epithelial cells. Endocytic inhibitors, particularly those targeting CME-related proteins, have been identified as promising antiviral drugs. Currently, these inhibitors are ambiguously classified as chemical, pharmaceutical, or natural inhibitors. However, their varying mechanisms may suggest a more realistic classification system. Herein, we present a new mechanistic-based classification of endocytosis inhibitors, in which they are segregated among four distinct classes including: (i) inhibitors that disrupt endocytosis-related protein-protein interactions, and assembly or dissociation of complexes; (ii) inhibitors of large dynamin GTPase and/or kinase/phosphatase activities associated with endocytosis; (iii) inhibitors that modulate the structure of subcellular components, especially the plasma membrane, and actin; and (iv) inhibitors that cause physiological or metabolic alterations in the endocytosis niche. Excluding antiviral drugs designed to halt SARS-CoV-2 replication, other drugs, either FDA-approved or suggested through basic research, could be systematically assigned to one of these classes. We observed that many anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs could be included either in class III or IV as they interfere with the structural or physiological integrity of subcellular components, respectively. This perspective may contribute to our understanding of the relative efficacy of endocytosis-related inhibitors and support the optimization of their individual or combined antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, their selectivity, combined effects, and possible interactions with non-endocytic cellular targets need more clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Thoria Donia
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- National Research Centre, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Eiman Adly
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tawfeek H Abdelhafez
- National Research Centre, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Amany Attia
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Glasnovic
- Department of Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Cosic
- Department of Paediatrics and Gynaecology with Obstetrics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bello SO, Yunusa A, Adamu AA, Imam MU, Bello MB, Shuaibu A, Igumbor EU, Habib ZG, Popoola MA, Ochu CL, Bello AY, Deeni YY, Okoye I. Innovative, rapid, high-throughput method for drug repurposing in a pandemic-A case study of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130828. [PMID: 36937851 PMCID: PMC10014809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several efforts to repurpose drugs for COVID-19 treatment have largely either failed to identify a suitable agent or agents identified did not translate to clinical use. Reasons that have been suggested to explain the failures include use of inappropriate doses, that are not clinically achievable, in the screening experiments, and the use of inappropriate pre-clinical laboratory surrogates to predict efficacy. In this study, we used an innovative algorithm, that incorporates dissemination and implementation considerations, to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 using iterative computational and wet laboratory methods. The drugs were screened at doses that are known to be achievable in humans. Furthermore, inhibition of viral induced cytopathic effect (CPE) was used as the laboratory surrogate to predict efficacy. Erythromycin, pyridoxine, folic acid and retapamulin were found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 induced CPE in Vero cells at concentrations that are clinically achievable. Additional studies may be required to further characterize the inhibitions of CPE and the possible mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaibu Oricha Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Abuja, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Shaibu Oricha Bello,
| | - Abdulmajeed Yunusa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Ahmed Adamu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of veterinary Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Abdulmalik Shuaibu
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of veterinary Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ehimario Uche Igumbor
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Abuja, Nigeria
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zaiyad Garba Habib
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Ayodele Popoola
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe Lucia Ochu
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Abuja, Nigeria
- Nigerian Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Aishatu Yahaya Bello
- Department of Clinical pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Yahaya Deeni
- Nigerian COVID-19 Research Coalition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Institute, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University of Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
- Centre for Environmental and Public Health Research and Development, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Okoye
- University of Nigeria Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Ituku Ozalla, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|