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Mousa AO, Lin ZI, Chuang CH, Chen CK, Kuo SW, Mohamed MG. Rational Design of Bifunctional Microporous Organic Polymers Containing Anthracene and Triphenylamine Units for Energy Storage and Biological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108966. [PMID: 37240313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized two conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), An-Ph-TPA and An-Ph-Py CMPs, using the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. These CMPs are organic polymers with p-conjugated skeletons and persistent micro-porosity and contain anthracene (An) moieties linked to triphenylamine (TPA) and pyrene (Py) units. We characterized the chemical structures, porosities, thermal stabilities, and morphologies of the newly synthesized An-CMPs using spectroscopic, microscopic, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm techniques. Our results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the An-Ph-TPA CMP displayed better thermal stability with Td10 = 467 °C and char yield of 57 wt% compared to the An-Ph-Py CMP with Td10 = 355 °C and char yield of 54 wt%. Furthermore, we evaluated the electrochemical performance of the An-linked CMPs and found that the An-Ph-TPA CMP had a higher capacitance of 116 F g-1 and better capacitance stability of 97% over 5000 cycles at 10 A g-1. In addition, we assessed the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of An-linked CMPs using the MTT assay and a live/dead cell viability assay and observed that they were non-toxic and biocompatible with high cell viability values after 24 or 48 h of incubation. These findings suggest that the An-based CMPs synthesized in this study have potential applications in electrochemical testing and the biological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osama Mousa
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Mousa AO, Mohamed MG, Chuang CH, Kuo SW. Carbonized Aminal-Linked Porous Organic Polymers Containing Pyrene and Triazine Units for Gas Uptake and Energy Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081891. [PMID: 37112038 PMCID: PMC10146094 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) have plenteous exciting features due to their attractive combination of microporosity with π-conjugation. Nevertheless, electrodes based on their pristine forms suffer from severe poverty of electrical conductivity, precluding their employment within electrochemical appliances. The electrical conductivity of POPs may be significantly improved and their porosity properties could be further customized by direct carbonization. In this study, we successfully prepared a microporous carbon material (Py-PDT POP-600) by the carbonization of Py-PDT POP, which was designed using a condensation reaction between 6,6'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (PDA-4NH2) and 4,4',4'',4'''-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetrabenzaldehyde (Py-Ph-4CHO) in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. The obtained Py-PDT POP-600 with a high nitrogen content had a high surface area (up to 314 m2 g-1), high pore volume, and good thermal stability based on N2 adsorption/desorption data and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Owing to the good surface area, the as-prepared Py-PDT POP-600 showed excellent performance in CO2 uptake (2.7 mmol g-1 at 298 K) and a high specific capacitance of 550 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 compared with the pristine Py-PDT POP (0.24 mmol g-1 and 28 F g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osama Mousa
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Mohamed MG, Chang SY, Ejaz M, Samy MM, Mousa AO, Kuo SW. Design and Synthesis of Bisulfone-Linked Two-Dimensional Conjugated Microporous Polymers for CO2 Adsorption and Energy Storage. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073234. [PMID: 37049996 PMCID: PMC10096630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized two types of two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), Py-BSU and TBN-BSU CMPs, by using the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of BSU-Br2 (2,8-Dibromothianthrene-5,5′,10,10′-Tetraoxide) with Py-T (1,3,6,8-Tetraethynylpyrene) and TBN-T (2,7,10,15-Tetraethynyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene), respectively. We characterized the chemical structure, morphology, physical properties, and potential applications of these materials using various analytical instruments. Both Py-BSU and TBN-BSU CMPs showed high thermal stability with thermal decomposition temperatures (Td10) up to 371 °C and char yields close to 48 wt%, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TBN-BSU CMPs exhibited a higher specific surface area and porosity of 391 m2 g−1 and 0.30 cm3 g−1, respectively, due to their large micropore and mesopore structure. These CMPs with extended π-conjugated frameworks and high surface areas are promising organic electroactive materials that can be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) and gas adsorption. Our experimental results demonstrated that the TBN-BSU CMP electrode had better electrochemical characteristics with a longer discharge time course and a specific capacitance of 70 F g−1. Additionally, the electrode exhibited an excellent capacitance retention rate of 99.9% in the 2000-cycle stability test. The CO2 uptake capacity of TBN-BSU CMP and Py-BSU CMP were 1.60 and 1.45 mmol g−1, respectively, at 298 K and 1 bar. These results indicate that the BSU-based CMPs synthesized in this study have potential applications in electrical testing and CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Siang-Yi Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Moshin Ejaz
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Maha Mohamed Samy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama Mousa
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Ultrastable Two-Dimensional Fluorescent Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Pyrene and Fluorene Units for Metal Ion Sensing and Energy Storage. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Design Hybrid Porous Organic/Inorganic Polymers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/Pyrene/Anthracene Moieties as a High-Performance Electrode for Supercapacitor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032501. [PMID: 36768824 PMCID: PMC9916954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized two hybrid organic-inorganic porous polymers (HPP) through the Heck reaction of 9,10 dibromoanthracene (A-Br2) or 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (P-Br4)/A-Br2 as co-monomers with octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS), in order to afford OVS-A HPP and OVS-P-A HPP, respectively. The chemical structures of these two hybrid porous polymers were validated through FTIR and solid-state 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability and porosity of these materials were measured by TGA and N2 adsorption/desorption analyses, demonstrating that OVS-A HPP has higher thermal stability (Td10: 579 °C) and surface area (433 m2 g-1) than OVS-P-A HPP (Td10: 377 °C and 98 m2 g-1) due to its higher cross-linking density. Furthermore, the electrochemical analysis showed that OVS-P-A HPP has a higher specific capacitance (177 F g -1 at 0.5 A F g-1) when compared to OVS-A HPP (120 F g -1 at 0.5 A F g-1). The electron-rich phenyl rings and Faradaic reaction between the π-conjugated network and anthracene moiety may be attributed to their excellent electrochemical performance of OVS-P-A HPP.
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Lin X, Deng YY, Zhang Q, Han D, Fu Q. Effect of POSS Size on the Porosity and Adsorption Performance of Hybrid Porous Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Lin
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yi Deng
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Di Han
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, P. R. China
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Chiang CH, Mohamed MG, Chen WC, Madhu M, Tseng WL, Kuo SW. Construction of Fluorescent Conjugated Polytriazole Containing Double-Decker Silsesquioxane: Click Polymerization and Thermal Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020331. [PMID: 36679213 PMCID: PMC9863912 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized two azide-functionalized monomers through p-dichloro xylene and double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) units with NaN3 to form DB-N3 and DDSQ-N3 monomers, respectively. In addition, five different propargyl-functionalized monomers were also prepared from hydroquinone, bisphenol A, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (then reacted with hydrazine hydrate solution) and 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylethene with propargyl bromide to form P-B, P-BPA, P-CO, P-NP, and P-TPE monomers, respectively. As a result, various DDSQ-based main chain copolymers could be synthesized using Cu(I)-catalyzed click polymerization through DDSQ-N3 with different propargyl-functionalized monomers, of which the chemical structure and molecular weight could be confirmed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analyses also could characterize the thermal stability, morphology, and optical behaviors of these DDSQ-based copolymers. All results indicate that the incorporation of an inorganic DDSQ cage could improve the thermal stability such as thermal decomposition temperature and char yield, because of the DDSQ dispersion homogeneously in the copolymer matrix, and this would then affect the optical properties of NP and TPE units in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Husan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Manivannan Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
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Mohamed MG, Elsayed MH, Ye Y, Samy MM, Hassan AE, Mansoure TH, Wen Z, Chou HH, Chen KH, Kuo SW. Construction of Porous Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Polymers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Production from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010182. [PMID: 36616530 PMCID: PMC9824186 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used effective and one-pot Heck coupling reactions under moderate reaction conditions to construct two new hybrid porous polymers (named OVS-P-TPA and OVS-P-F HPPs) with high yield, based on silsesquioxane cage nanoparticles through the reaction of octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) with different brominated pyrene (P-Br4), triphenylamine (TPA-Br3), and fluorene (F-Br2) as co-monomer units. The successful syntheses of both OVS-HPPs were tested using various instruments, such as X-ray photoelectron (XPS), solid-state 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. All spectroscopic data confirmed the successful incorporation and linkage of P, TPA, and F units into the POSS cage in order to form porous OVS-HPP materials. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 adsorption analyses revealed the thermal stabilities of OVS-P-F HPP (Td10 = 444 °C; char yield: 79 wt%), with a significant specific surface area of 375 m2 g-1 and a large pore volume of 0.69 cm3 g-1. According to electrochemical three-electrode performance, the OVS-P-F HPP precursor displayed superior capacitances of 292 F g-1 with a capacity retention of 99.8% compared to OVS-P-TPA HPP material. Interestingly, the OVS-P-TPA HPP showed a promising HER value of 701.9 µmol g-1 h-1, which is more than 12 times higher than that of OVS-P-F HPP (56.6 µmol g-1 h-1), based on photocatalytic experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Mohamed Hammad Elsayed
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Yunsheng Ye
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Maha Mohamed Samy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Hassan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ho-Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
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Constructing conjugated microporous polymers containing triphenylamine moieties for high-performance capacitive energy storage. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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