|
1
|
Han S, Xu X, Yuan H, Li S, Lin T, Liu Y, Li S, Zhu T. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Rust Resistance in Resistant (Youkang) and Susceptive (Tengjiao) Zanthoxylum armatum Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14761. [PMID: 37834210 PMCID: PMC10573174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese pepper rust is a live parasitic fungal disease caused by Coleosporium zanthoxyli, which seriously affects the cultivation and industrial development of Z. armatum. Cultivating and planting resistant cultivars is considered the most economical and environmentally friendly strategy to control this disease. Therefore, the mining of excellent genes for rust resistance and the analysis of the mechanism of rust resistance are the key strategies to achieve the targeted breeding of rust resistance. However, there is no relevant report on pepper rust resistance at present. The aim of the present study was to further explore the resistance mechanism of pepper by screening the rust-resistant germplasm resources in the early stage. Combined with the analysis of plant pathology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, we found that compared with susceptible cultivar TJ, resistant cultivar YK had 2752 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 1253 up-, and 1499 downregulated) and 321 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs, 133 up- and 188 down-accumulated) after pathogen infection. And the genes and metabolites related to phenylpropanoid metabolism were highly enriched in resistant varieties, which indicated that phenylpropanoid metabolism might mediate the resistance of Z. armatum. This finding was further confirmed by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, which revealed that the expression levels of core genes involved in phenylpropane metabolism in disease-resistant varieties were high. In addition, the difference in flavonoid and MeJA contents in the leaves between resistant and susceptible varieties further supported the conclusion that the flavonoid pathway and methyl jasmonate may be involved in the formation of Chinese pepper resistance. Our research results not only help to better understand the resistance mechanism of Z. armatum rust but also contribute to the breeding and utilization of resistant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Han
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiu Xu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Huan Yuan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Yinggao Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.H.); (X.X.); (H.Y.); (S.L.); (T.L.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Zhou L, Zhu T, Han S, Li S, Liu Y, Lin T, Qiao T. Changes in the Histology of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Infected with Phomopsis capsici and Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054879. [PMID: 36902308 PMCID: PMC10003368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phomopsis capsici (P. capsici) causes branch blight of walnuts, which leads to significant economic loss. The molecular mechanism behind the response of walnuts remains unknown. Paraffin sectioning and transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed to explore the changes in tissue structure, gene expression, and metabolic processes in walnut after infection with P. capsici. We found that P. capsici caused serious damage to xylem vessels during the infestation of walnut branches, destroying the structure and function of the vessels and creating obstacles to the transport of nutrients and water to the branches. The transcriptome results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly annotated in carbon metabolism and ribosomes. Further metabolome analyses verified the specific induction of carbohydrate and amino acid biosynthesis by P. capsici. Finally, association analysis was performed for DEGs and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), which focused on the synthesis and metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbon metabolism, and secondary metabolites and cofactors. Three significant metabolites were identified: succinic semialdehyde acid, fumaric acid, and phosphoenolpyruvic acid. In conclusion, this study provides data reference on the pathogenesis of walnut branch blight and direction for breeding walnut to enhance its disease resistance.
Collapse
|