Highly Selective Methodology for Entrapment and Subsequent Removal of Cobalt (II) Ions under Optimized Conditions by Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration

Unveiling the Role of Nonionic Surfactants in Enhancing Cefotaxime Drug Solubility: A UV-Visible Spectroscopic Investigation in Single and Mixed Micellar Formulations

This study reports the interfacial phenomenon of cefotaxime in combination with nonionic surfactants, Triton X-100 (TX-100) and Tween-80 (TW-80), and their mixed micellar formulations. Cefotaxime was enclosed in a micellar system to improve its solubility and effectiveness. TX-100 and TW-80 were used in an amphiphilic self-assembly process to create the micellar formulation. The effect of the addition of TX-100, a nonionic surfactant, on the ability of TW-80 to solubilize the drug was examined. The values of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were determined via UV-Visible spectroscopy. Gibbs free energies (ΔGp and ΔGb), the partition coefficient (Kx), and the binding constant (Kb) were also computed. In a single micellar system, the partition coefficient (Kx) was found to be 33.78 × 106 and 2.78 × 106 in the presence of TX-100 and TW-80, respectively. In a mixed micellar system, the value of the partition coefficient for the CEF/TW-80 system is maximum (5.48 × 106) in the presence of 0.0019 mM of TX-100, which shows that TX-100 significantly enhances the solubilizing power of micelles. It has been demonstrated that these surfactants are effective in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. This study elaborates on the physicochemical characteristics and solubilization of reactive drugs in single and mixed micellar media. This investigation, conducted in the presence of surfactants, shows a large contribution to the binding process via both hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.

Recovery of Metals from Wastewater-State-of-the-Art Solutions with the Support of Membrane Technology

This paper discusses the most important research trends in the recovery of metals from industrial wastewater using membrane techniques in recent years. Particular attention is paid to the preparation of new membranes with the required filtration and separation properties. At the same time, possible future applications are highlighted. The aspects discussed are divided into metals in order to clearly and comprehensibly list the most optimal solutions depending on the composition of the wastewater and the possibility of recovering valuable components (metalloids, heavy metals, and platinum group metals). It is shown that it is possible to effectively remove metals from industrial wastewater by appropriate membrane preparation (up to ~100%), including the incorporation of functional groups, nanoparticles on the membrane surface. However, it is also worth noting the development of hybrid techniques, in which membrane techniques are one of the elements of an effective purification procedure.