1
|
Khaleel EF, Sabt A, Korycka-Machala M, Badi RM, Son NT, Ha NX, Hamissa MF, Elsawi AE, Elkaeed EB, Dziadek B, Eldehna WM, Dziadek J. Identification of new anti-mycobacterial agents based on quinoline-isatin hybrids targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107138. [PMID: 38262087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that poses a significant economic burden as a result of the ongoing emergence of drug-resistant strains. The urgent requirement for the development of novel antitubercular drugs can be addressed by targeting specific enzymes. One such enzyme, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-ACP) reductase (InhA), plays a crucial role in the survival of the MTB bacterium. In this research study, a series of hybrid compounds combining quinolone and isatin were synthesized and assessed for their effectiveness against MTB, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the InhA enzyme in this bacterium. Among the compounds tested, 7a and 5g exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against MTB, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 55 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. These compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects on InhA and demonstrated significant activity compared to the reference drug Isoniazid (INH), with IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.01 and 1.56 ± 0.06 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies investigated the interactions between compounds 7a and 5g and the target enzyme, revealing hydrophobic contacts with important amino acid residues in the active site. To further confirm the stability of the complexes formed by 5g and 7a with the target enzyme, molecular dynamic simulations were employed, which demonstrated that both compounds 7a and 5g undergo minor structural changes and remain nearly stable throughout the simulated process, as assessed through RMSD, RMSF, and Rg values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Malgorzata Korycka-Machala
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Mohamed Farouk Hamissa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed E Elsawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghannay S, Aldhafeeri BS, Ahmad I, E.A.E. Albadri A, Patel H, Kadri A, Aouadi K. Identification of dual-target isoxazolidine-isatin hybrids with antidiabetic potential: Design, synthesis, in vitro and multiscale molecular modeling approaches. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25911. [PMID: 38380049 PMCID: PMC10877290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the development of novel antidiabetic agents, a novel series of isoxazolidine-isatin hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as dual α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. The precise structures of the synthesized scaffolds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The obtained results were compared to those of the reference drug, acarbose (IC50 = 296.6 ± 0.825 μM for α-amylase & IC50 = 780.4 ± 0.346 μM for α-glucosidase). Among the title compounds, 5d exhibited impressive α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 30.39 ± 1.52 μM and 65.1 ± 3.11 μM, respectively, followed by 5h (IC50 = 46.65 ± 2.3 μM; IC50 = 85.16 ± 4.25 μM) and 5f (IC50 = 55.71 ± 2.78 μM; IC50 = 106.77 ± 5.31 μM). Mechanistic studies revealed that the most potent derivative 5d bearing the chloro substituent attached to the oxoindolin-3-ylidene core, and acarbose, are a competitive inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Structure activity relationship (SAR) was examined to guide further structural optimization of the most appropriate substituent(s). Moreover, drug-likeness qualities and ADMET prediction of the most active analogue, 5d was also performed. Subsequently, 5d was subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulation during the progression of 120 ns analysis to check the essential ligand-receptor patterns, and to estimate its stability. In silico studies were found in good agreement with the in vitro enzymatic inhibitions results. In conclusion, we demonstrated that most potent compound 5d could be exploited as dual potential inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase for possible management of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Budur Saleh Aldhafeeri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abuzar E.A.E. Albadri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Adel Kadri
- Faculty of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box (1988), Al-Baha, 65527, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science of Sfax, Department of Chemistry, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kaiss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity/CHPNR, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eldehna WM, Mahmoud ST, Elshnawey ER, Elsayed ZM, Majrashi TA, El-Ashrey MK, Rashed M, Hemeda LR, Shoun AA, Elkaeed EB, El Hassab MA, Abdel-Aziz MM, Shahin MI. Novel indolinone-tethered benzothiophenes as anti-tubercular agents against MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107009. [PMID: 38070474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Joining the global effort to eradicate tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious killers in the world, we disclose in this paper the design and synthesis of new indolinone-tethered benzothiophene hybrids 6a-i and 7a-i as potential anti-tubercular agents. The MICs were determined in vitro for the synthesized compounds against the sensitive M. tuberculosis strain ATCC 25177. Potent compounds 6b, 6d, 6f, 6h, 7a, 7b, 7d, 7f, 7h and 7i were furtherly assessed versus resistant MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Structure activity relationship investigation of the synthesized compounds was illustrated, accordingly. Superlative potency was unveiled for compound 6h (MIC = 0.48, 1.95 and 7.81 µg/mL for ATCC 25177 sensitive TB strain, resistant MDR-TB and XDR-TB, respectively). Moreover, validated in vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed for the most potent derivative 6h revealing superior pharmacokinetic profile over the reference drug. For further exploration of the anti-tubercular mechanism of action, molecular docking was carried out for the former compound in DprE1 active site as one of the important biological targets of TB. The binding mode and the docking score uncovered exceptional binding when compared to the co-crystallized ligand suggesting that it maybe the underlying target for its outstanding anti-tubercular potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Sally Tarek Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Esraa R Elshnawey
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Taghreed A Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, 46612, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rashed
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Loah R Hemeda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Aly A Shoun
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, 44813, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, 46612, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mai I Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Warhi T, Rashad NM, Almahli H, Abdel-Aziz MM, Elsayed ZM, Shahin MI, Eldehna WM. Design and synthesis of benzo[b]thiophene-based hybrids as novel antitubercular agents against MDR/XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300529. [PMID: 37946574 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to support the global fight against tuberculosis (TB), which is widely recognized as the most lethal infectious disease worldwide, we present the design and synthesis of new benzo[b]thiophene-based hybrids as promising candidates for the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The isatin motif was incorporated into the target hybrids as it represents a privileged scaffold in antitubercular drug discovery. Since lipophilicity plays a pivotal role in the anti-TB agents' activity, the lipophilicity of the target hybrids was manipulated via the development of two series of N-1 methyl and N-1 benzyl substituted isatins (6a-h and 9a-h, respectively). Screening of the target hybrids was first performed against drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis (ATCC 25177). The structure-activity relationship outputs highlighted that incorporation of 3-unsubstituted benzo[b]thiophene and 5-methoxy isatin moieties was favorable for the antimycobacterial activity. Thereafter, the most potent molecules (6b-h, 9c-e, and 9h) were evaluated against the resistant strains MDR-TB (ATCC 35822) as well as against XDR-TB (RCMB 2674) where they displayed promising activity. To evaluate the safety of the target hybrids, an sulforhodamine B assay was conducted to determine their possible cytotoxic effects on VERO cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermeen M Rashad
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mai I Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shaldam MA, Almahli H, Angeli A, Badi RM, Khaleel EF, Zain-Alabdeen AI, Elsayed ZM, Elkaeed EB, Salem R, Supuran CT, Eldehna WM, Tawfik HO. Discovery of sulfonamide-tethered isatin derivatives as novel anticancer agents and VEGFR-2 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2203389. [PMID: 37122176 PMCID: PMC10134960 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2203389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, new isatin-based sulphonamides (6a-i, 11a-c, 12a-c) were designed and synthesised as potential dual VEGFR-2 and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with anticancer activities. Firstly, all target isatins were examined for in vitro antitumor action on NCI-USA panel (58 tumour cell lines). Then, the most potent derivatives were examined for the potential CA inhibitory action towards the physiologically relevant hCA isoforms I, II, and tumour-linked hCA IX isoform, in addition, the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity was evaluated. The target sulphonamides failed to inhibit the CA isoforms that could be attributable to the steric effect of the neighbouring methoxy group, whereas they displayed potent VEGFR-2 inhibitory effect. Following that, isatins 11b and 12b were tested for their influence on the cell cycle disturbance, and towards the apoptotic potential. Finally, detailed molecular modelling analyses, including docking and molecular dynamics, were carried out to assess the binding mode and stability of target isatins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh Uinversity, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rofaida Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
ElNaggar MH, Elgazar AA, Gamal G, Hamed SM, Elsayed ZM, El-Ashrey MK, Abood A, El Hassab MA, Soliman AM, El-Domany RA, Badria FA, Supuran CT, Eldehna WM. Identification of sulphonamide-tethered N-((triazol-4-yl)methyl)isatin derivatives as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2234665. [PMID: 37434404 PMCID: PMC10405867 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2234665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the end of 2019 led to profound consequences on global health and economy. Till producing successful vaccination strategies, the healthcare sectors suffered from the lack of effective therapeutic agents that could control the spread of infection. Thus, academia and the pharmaceutical sector prioritise SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug discovery. Here, we exploited previous reports highlighting the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of isatin-based molecules to develop novel triazolo-isatins for inhibiting main protease (Mpro) of the virus, a crucial enzyme for its replication in the host cells. Particularly, sulphonamide 6b showed promising inhibitory activity with an IC50= 0.249 µM. Additionally, 6b inhibited viral cell proliferation with an IC50 of 4.33 µg/ml, and was non-toxic to VERO-E6 cells (CC50 = 564.74 µg/ml) displaying a selectivity index of 130.4. In silico analysis of 6b disclosed its ability to interact with key residues in the enzyme active site, supporting the obtained in vitro findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai H. ElNaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ghada Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M. Hamed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zainab M. Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Abood
- Chemistry of Natural and microbial products, National Research center, Egypt
- Department of Bioscience, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A. El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Farid A. Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Radwan AA, Al-Anazi FK, Al-Agamy M, Alghaith AF, Mahrous GM, Alhuzani MR, Alghamdi AS. Design, synthesis and molecular modeling of isatin-aminobenzoic acid hybrids as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101781. [PMID: 37860684 PMCID: PMC10582576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Number of factors, including newly emerging infectious diseases and an increase in multi-drug resistant microbial pathogens with particular relevance for Gram-positive bacteria, make the treatment of infectious diseases in hospital-based healthcare a major challenge in the medical community. 4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), has demonstrated a variety of biological actions particularly, antimicrobial activity. In our study we coupled this vitamin-like molecule with different isatin derivatives. We investigated the antibacterial activity of the synthesized Schiff's bases. The compounds showed high selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria and showed weak or no activity against both Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Compound 2a showed highest activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis (MIC 0.09 mmol/L). Additionally, these substances exhibit strong anti-B. Subtilis biofilm formation. We were able to shed insight on the binding mode of these new inhibitors using in silico docking of the compounds in the binding sites of a 3D structure of B. subtilis histidine kinase/Walk. The binding free energy of the compound 2a to the catalytic domain walk, of histidine kinase enzyme of B. subtilis bacteria, was calculated using molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area scoring. The key residues for macromolecule-ligand binding were postulated. The optimized 3D protein-ligand binding modes shed light on the B. subtilis HK/Walk-ligand interactions that afford a means to assess binding affinity to design new HK/Walk inhibitor as antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awwad A. Radwan
- Kayyali Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares K. Al-Anazi
- Kayyali Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal M. Mahrous
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad R. Alhuzani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman S.A. Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dhameliya TM, Vekariya DD, Patel HY, Patel JT. Comprehensive coverage on anti-mycobacterial endeavour reported during 2022. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115409. [PMID: 37120997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
TB being one of the deadliest diseases and second most common infectious cause of deaths, poses the severe threat to global health. The extended duration of therapy owing to resistance and its upsurge in immune-compromised patients have been the driving force for the development of novel of anti-TB scaffolds. Recently, we have compiled the account of anti-mycobacterial scaffolds published during 2015-2020 and updated them in 2021. The present work involves the insights on the anti-mycobacterial scaffolds reported in 2022 with their mechanism of action, structure activity relationships, along with the key perceptions for the design of newer anti-TB agents for the broader interests of medicinal chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India.
| | | | - Heta Y Patel
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Janvi T Patel
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|