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Cao L, Zhang S, Feng L, Qiang B, Ma W, Cao S, Gong Z, Zhang Y. Metabolic pathways regulated by strigolactones foliar spraying enhance osmoregulation and antioxidant defense in drought-prone soybean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:980. [PMID: 39420293 PMCID: PMC11488121 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is a significant abiotic stressor that hinders growth, development, and crop yield in soybeans. Strigolactones (SLs) positively regulate plant resistance to drought stress. However, the impact of foliar application of SLs having different concentrations on soybean growth and metabolic pathways related to osmoregulation remains unknown. Therefore, to clarify the impact of SLs on soybean root growth and cellular osmoregulation under drought stress, we initially identified optimal concentrations and assessed key leaf and root indices. Furthermore, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses to identify differential metabolites and up-regulated genes. RESULTS The results demonstrated that drought stress had a significant impact on soybean biomass, root length, root surface area, water content and photosynthetic parameters. However, when SLs were applied through foliar application at appropriate concentrations, the accumulation of ABA and soluble protein increased, which enhanced drought tolerance of soybean seedlings by regulating osmotic balance, protecting membrane integrity, photosynthesis and activating ROS scavenging system. This also led to an increase in soybean root length, lateral root number and root surface area. Furthermore, the effects of different concentrations of SLs on soybean leaves and roots were found to be time-sensitive. However, the application of 0.5 µM SLs had the greatest beneficial impact on soybean growth and root morphogenesis under drought stress. A total of 368 differential metabolites were screened in drought and drought plus SLs treatments. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in nitrogen compound utilization, and the down-regulated metabolic pathways were mainly involved in maintaining cellular osmoregulation and antioxidant defenses. CONCLUSIONS SLs enhance osmoregulation in soybean plants under drought stress by regulating key metabolic pathways including Arachidonic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Linoleic acid metabolism, and Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of improving soybean adaptability and survival in response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin, 150030, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Hulun Buir Institution of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Inner Mongolia, 021000, China
| | - Binbin Qiang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weiran Ma
- School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Shilin Cao
- School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Zhenping Gong
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China.
- National Multigrain Engineering and Technology Center, Daqing, 163000, China.
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Gonçalves FCDM, Mantoan LPB, Corrêa CV, Parreiras NDS, de Almeida LFR, Ono EO, Rodrigues JD, Prado RDM, Boaro CSF. Effects of Salicylic Acid on Physiological Responses of Pepper Plants Pre-Subjected to Drought under Rehydration Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2805. [PMID: 39409675 PMCID: PMC11479176 DOI: 10.3390/plants13192805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. has worldwide distribution, but drought has limited its production. There is a lack of research to better understand how this species copes with drought stress, whether it is reversible, and the effects of mitigating agents such as salicylic acid (SA). Therefore, this study aimed to understand the mechanisms of action of SA and rehydration on the physiology of pepper plants grown under drought conditions. The factorial scheme adopted was 3 × 4, with three water regimes (irrigation, drought, and rehydration) and four SA concentrations, namely: 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM. This study evaluated leaf water percentage, water potential of shoots, chlorophylls (a and b), carotenoids, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration at different times of day, water conditions (irrigation, drought, and rehydration), and SA applications (without the addition of a regulator (0) and with the addition of SA at concentrations equal to 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM). In general, exogenous SA application increased stomatal conductance (gs) responses and modified the fluorescence parameters (ΦPSII, qP, ETR, NPQ, D, and E) of sweet pepper plants subjected to drought followed by rehydration. It was found that the use of SA, especially at concentrations of 1 mM in combination with rehydration, modulates gs, which is reflected in a higher electron transport rate. This, along with the production of photosynthetic pigments, suggests that H2O2 did not cause membrane damage, thereby mitigating the water deficit in pepper plants. Plants under drought conditions and rehydration with foliar SA application at concentrations of 1 mM demonstrated protection against damage resulting from water stress. Focusing on sustainable productivity, foliar SA application of 1 mM could be recommended as a technique to overcome the adverse effects of water stress on pepper plants cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Custódio de Moura Gonçalves
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780 Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (C.V.C.); (N.d.S.P.)
| | - Luís Paulo Benetti Mantoan
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.P.B.M.); (L.F.R.d.A.); (E.O.O.); (J.D.R.); (C.S.F.B.)
| | - Carla Verônica Corrêa
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780 Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (C.V.C.); (N.d.S.P.)
| | - Nathália de Souza Parreiras
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780 Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (C.V.C.); (N.d.S.P.)
| | - Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.P.B.M.); (L.F.R.d.A.); (E.O.O.); (J.D.R.); (C.S.F.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Orika Ono
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.P.B.M.); (L.F.R.d.A.); (E.O.O.); (J.D.R.); (C.S.F.B.)
| | - João Domingos Rodrigues
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.P.B.M.); (L.F.R.d.A.); (E.O.O.); (J.D.R.); (C.S.F.B.)
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Soils and Fertilizers, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Jaboticabal, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil;
| | - Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250 Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (L.P.B.M.); (L.F.R.d.A.); (E.O.O.); (J.D.R.); (C.S.F.B.)
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Moreno-Pérez A, Martínez-Ferri E, van den Berg N, Pliego C. Effects of Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid on the Physiological and Molecular Response of 'Dusa' Avocado to Rosellinia necatrix. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2111-2121. [PMID: 38530233 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2316-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) are important in mediating plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. MeJA and SA can act as elicitors by triggering plant defense responses similar to those induced by pathogens and may even provide long-term protection against them. Thus, exogenous application of MeJA and SA could protect susceptible avocado plants against white root rot (WRR) disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rosellinia necatrix, one of the main diseases affecting avocado orchards. This work evaluates the effects of MeJA or SA on the physiological and molecular response of susceptible 'Dusa' avocado rootstock and their ability to provide some protection against WRR. The application of MeJA and SA in avocado increased photoprotective mechanisms (nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching) and upregulated the glutathione S-transferase, suggesting the triggering of mechanisms closely related to oxidative stress relief and reactive oxygen species scavenging. In contrast to SA, MeJA's effects were more pronounced at the morphoanatomical level, including functional traits such as high leaf mass area, high stomatal density, and high root/shoot ratio, closely related to strategies to cope with water scarcity and WRR disease. Moreover, MeJA upregulated a greater number of defense-related genes than SA, including a glu protease inhibitor, a key gene in avocado defense against R. necatrix. The overall effects of MeJA increased 'Dusa' avocado tolerance to R. necatrix by inducing a primed state that delayed WRR disease symptoms. These findings point toward the use of MeJA application as an environmentally friendly strategy to mitigate the impact of this disease on susceptible avocado orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology (IFAPA Centro de Málaga), Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, IFAPA, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Crop Ecophysiology (IFAPA Centro de Málaga), Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, IFAPA, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
- Program of Advanced Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29071 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elsa Martínez-Ferri
- Department of Crop Ecophysiology (IFAPA Centro de Málaga), Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, IFAPA, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Clara Pliego
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology (IFAPA Centro de Málaga), Fruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea, IFAPA, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 29140 Churriana, Málaga, Spain
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Maslennikova D, Knyazeva I, Vershinina O, Titenkov A, Lastochkina O. Contribution of Antioxidant System Components to the Long-Term Physiological and Protective Effect of Salicylic Acid on Wheat under Salinity Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1569. [PMID: 38891377 PMCID: PMC11174383 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development and mitigating the negative effects of various stresses, including salinity. In this study, the effect of 50 μM SA on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat plants under normal and stress conditions was investigated. The results showed that on the 28th day of the growing season, SA pretreatment continued to stimulate the growth of wheat plants. This was evident through an increase in shoot length and leaf area, with the regulation of leaf blade width playing a significant role in this effect. Additionally, SA improved photosynthesis by increasing the content of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoids (Car), resulting in an increased TAP (total amount of pigments) index in the leaves. Furthermore, SA treatment led to a balanced increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the leaves, accompanied by a slight but significant accumulation of ascorbic acid (ASA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Exposure to salt stress for 28 days resulted in a reduction in length and leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and GSH and ASA content in wheat leaves. It also led to the accumulation of H2O2 and proline and significant activation of GR and APX. However, SA pretreatment exhibited a long-term growth-stimulating and protective effect under stress conditions. It significantly mitigated the negative impacts of salinity on leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and H2O2. Furthermore, SA reduced the salinity-induced depletion of GSH and ASA levels, which was associated with the modulation of GR and APX activities. In small-scale field experiments conducted under natural growing conditions, pre-sowing seed treatment with 50 μM SA improved the main indicators of grain yield and increased the content of essential amino acids in wheat grains. Thus, SA pretreatment can be considered an effective approach for providing prolonged protection to wheat plants under salinity and improving grain yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Maslennikova
- Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Inna Knyazeva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM», 109428 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Oksana Vershinina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM», 109428 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrey Titenkov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM», 109428 Moscow, Russia; (I.K.); (O.V.); (A.T.)
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
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Alizadeh MM, Gerami M, Majidian P, Ghorbani HR. The potential application of biochar and salicylic acid to alleviate salt stress in soybean ( Glycine max L.). Heliyon 2024; 10:e26677. [PMID: 38434021 PMCID: PMC10906409 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt stress has been one of the major contributor which affect soybean seed germination, its establishment, growth, and physiology stages. Utilization of strategies such as soil amendment and elicitors are of significant importance to reduce the disadvantageous effects of salt stress. In this regard, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of biochar and salicylic acid on morphological and physiological properties of soybean subjected to salinity. The first experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with three replications including 11 soybean cultivars such as Williams, Saba, Kowsar, Tapor, Sari, Telar, Caspian, Nekador, Amir, Katol and Sahar and various levels of salinity such as 0, 2, 4, 6 dS/m of NaCl. The second experiment was performed as factorial design in a randomized complete block design with three replications consisting of treatments of biochar (0, 5 and 10 WP), salicylic acid (0, 0.5 and 1 mM), and NaCl (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 dS/m). With respect to seed germination result, various concentrations of salt stress showed negative impact not only on all studied traits, but also varied among soybean cultivars indicating Amir cultivar as the best salt tolerant soybean genotype among others. In addition, our data exhibited that the interaction effect of biochar and salicylic acid on salt treated soybean plant were positively significant on some morphological traits such as leaf area, shoot dry/fresh weight, total dry/fresh weight and physiological attributes including chlorophyll a, flavonoid, proline contents, catalase and peroxidase activities. Moreover, the resultant data showed that the combination treatment of 5 and 10 WP of biochar and 1 mM of salicylic acid caused increase of the aforementioned parameters in order to improve their performance subjected to higher concentration of salinity. In final, it was concluded that the coupled application of biochar alongside salicylic acid was recommended as proficient strategy to mitigate the injurious influences of salt stress in soybean or other probable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahyar Gerami
- Department of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
| | - Parastoo Majidian
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghorbani
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
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Zhao M, Li J, Shi X, Sanaullah Malik M, Quan Y, Guo D, Wang L, Wang S. Effects of exogenous plant regulators on growth and development of "Kyoho" grape under salt alkali stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1274684. [PMID: 38162314 PMCID: PMC10756669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1274684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses besides drought and cold stress. The application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is an effective method to mitigate yield losses caused by salinity. However, we investigated the effects of exogenous regulatory substances (γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinolide (BR) on the growth and development of "Kyoho" grapevine under salt stress. The results showed that exogenous regulators GABA, SA, and BR alleviated the inhibition of grape growth by saline stress and regulated the effects of salinity stress on grape fruit development and quality. All three regulators significantly increased fruit set, cross-sectional diameter, weight per unit, and anthocyanin content. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for grape production practices by using exogenous aminobutyric acid (GABA), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinolide (BR) to mitigate the hazards of salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiang Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangneng Shi
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Sinochem Agriculture Holdings, Beijing, China
| | - M. Sanaullah Malik
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Quan
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dinghan Guo
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Nie M, Ning N, Chen J, Zhang Y, Li S, Zheng L, Zhang H. Melatonin enhances salt tolerance in sorghum by modulating photosynthetic performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant defense, and ion homeostasis. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220734. [PMID: 37872968 PMCID: PMC10590611 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that can prevent plant damage caused by adverse stresses. It remains unclear whether exogenous melatonin can mitigate the effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The aim of this study was to decipher the protective mechanisms of exogenous melatonin (100 μmol/L) on sorghum seedlings under NaCl-induced salt stress (120 mmol/L). Plant morphological, photosynthetic, and physiological characteristics were analyzed at different timepoints after sowing. Results showed that salt stress inhibited seed germination, seedling growth, and plant biomass accumulation by reducing photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic efficiency, root vigor, and mineral uptake. In contrast, seed priming with melatonin enhanced photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency, root vigor, and K+ content under salt stress. Melatonin application additionally enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and increased the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid) in the leaves. These changes were accompanied by increase in the leaf contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and proline, as well as decrease in hydrogen peroxide accumulation, malondialdehyde content, and electrolyte leakage. Our findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can alleviate salt stress-induced damage in sorghum seedlings through multifaceted mechanisms, such as improving photosynthetic performance and root vigor, facilitating ion homeostasis and osmoregulation, and promoting antioxidant defense and reactive oxygen species scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengen Nie
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, 81 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Na Ning
- College of Resources Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, 546 Lucheng South Road, Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, 81 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University,238 Yunhua West Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- College of Resources Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, 546 Lucheng South Road, Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, China
| | - Lue Zheng
- College of Resources Environment and Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University, 546 Lucheng South Road, Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Gene Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, 81 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
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Maslennikova D, Ivanov S, Petrova S, Burkhanova G, Maksimov I, Lastochkina O. Components of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in the Implementation of the Protective Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside on Wheat under Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112123. [PMID: 37299102 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional, gaseous signaling molecule implicated in both physiological and protective responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salinity. In this work, we studied the effects of 200 µM exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO) on the components of the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as lignin and salicylic acid (SA), and its relationship with wheat seedling growth under normal and salinity (2% NaCl) conditions. It was established that exogenous SNP contributed to the accumulation of endogenous SA and increased the level of transcription of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) gene. It was found that endogenous SA played an important role in the growth-stimulating effect of SNP, as evidenced by the growth parameters. In addition, under the influence of SNP, the activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), and peroxidase (POD), an increase in the level of transcription of the TaPAL and TaPRX genes, and the acceleration of lignin accumulation in the cell walls of roots were revealed. Such an increase in the barrier properties of the cell walls during the period of preadaptation played an important role in protection against salinity stress. Salinity led to significant SA accumulation and lignin deposition in the roots, strong activation of TAL, PAL, and POD, and suppression of seedling growth. Pretreatment with SNP under salinity conditions resulted in additional lignification of the root cell walls, decreased stress-induced endogenous SA generation, and lower PAL, TAL, and POD activities in comparison to untreated stressed plants. Thus, the obtained data suggested that during pretreatment with SNP, phenylpropanoid metabolism was activated (i.e., lignin and SA), which contributed to reducing the negative effects of salinity stress, as evidenced by the improved plant growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Maslennikova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, 69 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Svetlana Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, 69 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Burkhanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Igor Maksimov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics UFRC RAS, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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