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Kaba M, Pirincci N, Demir H, Verep S. Serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:116.e9-116.e15. [PMID: 38341363 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with prostate cancers and to evaluate their relationships with each other. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 34 male patients with prostate cancer and with a mean age of 64.2 ± 4.4 were included in the study. The control group comprising 36 male patients (mean age 61.2 ± 3.4) was randomly selected among the volunteers. Serum samples for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels were kept at -20°C until they were used. RESULTS Serum prolidase activity and MDA levels were significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in controls (all, P < 0.05), while SOD, GPx, and CAT levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased prolidase seems to be related to increased oxidative stress along with decreased antioxidant levels in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kaba
- Department of Urology, Private Yuzyil Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Necip Pirincci
- Department of Urology, Fırat University Medical Faculty, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty,Van Yuzuncuyil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Samed Verep
- Department of Urology, Private Yuzyil Gebze Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Eni-Aganga I, Lanaghan ZM, Ismail F, Korolkova O, Goodwin JS, Balasubramaniam M, Dash C, Pandhare J. KLF6 activates Sp1-mediated prolidase transcription during TGF-β 1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105605. [PMID: 38159857 PMCID: PMC10847167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolidase (PEPD) is the only hydrolase that cleaves the dipeptides containing C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline-the rate-limiting step in collagen biosynthesis. However, the molecular regulation of prolidase expression remains largely unknown. In this study, we have identified overlapping binding sites for the transcription factors Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) and Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in the PEPD promoter and demonstrate that KLF6/Sp1 transcriptionally regulate prolidase expression. By cloning the PEPD promoter into a luciferase reporter and through site-directed deletion, we pinpointed the minimal sequences required for KLF6 and Sp1-mediated PEPD promoter-driven transcription. Interestingly, Sp1 inhibition abrogated KLF6-mediated PEPD promoter activity, suggesting that Sp1 is required for the basal expression of prolidase. We further studied the regulation of PEPD by KLF6 and Sp1 during transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling, since both KLF6 and Sp1 are key players in TGF-β1 mediated collagen biosynthesis. Mouse and human fibroblasts exposed to TGF-β1 resulted in the induction of PEPD transcription and prolidase expression. Inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling abrogated PEPD promoter-driven transcriptional activity of KLF6 and Sp1. Knock-down of KLF6 as well as Sp1 inhibition also reduced prolidase expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay supported direct binding of KLF6 and Sp1 to the PEPD promoter and this binding was enriched by TGF-β1 treatment. Finally, immunofluorescence studies showed that KLF6 co-operates with Sp1 in the nucleus to activate prolidase expression and enhance collagen biosynthesis. Collectively, our results identify functional elements of the PEPD promoter for KLF6 and Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation and describe the molecular mechanism of prolidase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireti Eni-Aganga
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zeljka Miletic Lanaghan
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Farah Ismail
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olga Korolkova
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffery Shawn Goodwin
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Jui Pandhare
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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