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Radwan AS, El Hamd MA, El-Maghrabey M, Mansour FR, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Alsehli BR, Magdy G. A highly sensitive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric approach for the simultaneous analysis of the anti-breast cancer co-administered drugs, letrozole and tramadol in dosage forms and human plasma at nanogram levels. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124532. [PMID: 38820815 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Letrozole is an anticancer medication prescribed for the management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Chronic pain is prevalent in patients receiving chemotherapy, leading to the use of adjuvant analgesics such as tramadol. This work introduces the first analytical approach for the concurrent quantification of letrozole and tramadol, two co-administered drugs, employing a rapid, highly sensitive, eco-friendly, and cost-effective first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. The fluorescence of tramadol and letrozole was measured at wavelengths of 235.9 nm and 241.9 nm, respectively using a wavelength difference (Δλ) of 60.0 nm. The developed approach demonstrated exceptional linearity (r ˃ 0.999) within the specified concentration ranges for tramadol (10.0-1200.0 ng/mL) and letrozole (1.0-140.0 ng/mL). The results demonstrated that the proposed technique exhibits a high level of sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.569 and 0.143 ng/mL for tramadol and letrozole, respectively, indicating the good bioanalytical applicability. The within-run precisions, both intra-day and inter-day, for both analytes, were less than 0.71 % RSD. The developed approach was effectively applied to simultaneously estimate the mentioned drugs in their tablets and human plasma samples, achieving high percentage recoveries and low % RSD values. In order to assess the environmental sustainability of the developed approach, Analytical GREEnnessNNESS (AGREE) and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) metric tools were employed. Both tools revealed that the developed approach is excellent green, suggesting its usage as an environmentally-friendly alternative for the routine assayof the investigated pharmaceuticals. The developed approach was validated according to the ICHQ2 (R1) requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Saad Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar R Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt.
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El-Semary MS, Belal F, El-Emam AA, El-Shaheny RN, El-Masry AA. A new fabricated hetero-atom doped carbon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for metronidazole determination using garlic and red lentils with microwave assistance. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4826. [PMID: 39004784 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatible and highly fluorescent phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur carbon quantum dots (P,N,S-CQDs) were synthesized using a quick and ecologically friendly process inspired from plant sources. Garlic and red lentils were utilized as natural and inexpensive sources for efficient synthesis of the carbon-based quantum dots using green microwave-irradiation, which provides an ultrafast route for carbonization of the organic biomass and subsequent fabrication of P,N,S-CQDs within only 3 min. The formed P,N,S-CQDs showed excellent blue fluorescence at λem = 412 nm when excited at 325 nm with a quantum yield up to 26.4%. These fluorescent dots were used as a nano-sensor for the determination of the commonly used antibacterial and antiprotozoal drug, metronidazole (MTR). As MTR lacked native fluorescence and prior published techniques had several limitations, the proposed methodology became increasingly relevant. This approach affords sensitive detection with a wide linear range of 0.5-100.0 μM and LOD and LOQ values of 0.14 μM and 0.42 μM, respectively. As well as, it is cost-effective and ecologically benign. The MTT test was used to evaluate the in-vitro cytotoxicity of the fabricated P,N,S-CQDs. The findings supported a minimally cytotoxic impact and good biocompatibility, which provide a future perspective for the applicability of these CQDs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam S El-Semary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ali A El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania N El-Shaheny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal A El-Masry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Barseem A, Elshahawy M, Elagamy SH. Fluorimetric determination of Vonoprazan via quenching of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots: A rapid and sustainable analytical approach. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4834. [PMID: 39036968 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an environmentally sustainable fluorimetric method for determination of Vonoprazan fumarate (VON) in dosage forms using nanoprobes consisting of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N, S-CQDs). The N, S-CQDs were prepared through a microwave-assisted method in 30 s. The resulting N, S-CQDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). They exhibit fluorescence emission at 460 nm after excitation at 385 nm with a high quantum yield (60%). The analytical approach for VON determination relies on the quenching effect exerted by VON on the native fluorescence intensity of CQDs. The quenching mechanism was investigated using Stern-Volmer plots. The proposed method demonstrates linearity across a concentration range 10-80 μM (4.6-36.8 μg/mL) with corresponding limits of detection and quantitation calculated as 2.17 μM (0.99 μg/mL) and 6.58 μM (3.02 μg/mL), respectively. The method has been effectively utilized for the determination of VON in the pharmaceutical samples. Statistical comparison with reported RP-HPLC has been performed to verify the accuracy and precision of the developed method. The environmental sustainability of the developed method has been thoroughly examined through various greenness metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Barseem
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elshahawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samar H Elagamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Magdy G, Said N, El-Domany RA, Belal F. Novel fluorescent probes based on sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots for determination of three N-substituted phenothiazine derivatives in dosage forms. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 314:124207. [PMID: 38554691 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In the current work, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (S,N-CDs) as simple, sensitive, and selective turn-off fluorescent nanosensors were utilized for analysis of three phenothiazine derivatives, including acetophenazine (APZ), chlorpromazine (CPH), and promethazine (PZH). S,N-CDs were synthesized through a green one-pot microwave-assisted technique using widely available precursors (thiourea and ascorbic acid). HRTEM, EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-synthesized CDs. When excited at 330 nm, the carbon dots produced a maximum emission peak at 410 nm. The cited drugs statically quenched the S,N-CDs fluorescence as revealed by the Stern-Volmer equation. The current method represents the first spectrofluorimetric approach for the determination of the studied drugs without the need for chemical derivatization or harsh reaction conditions. The importance of the proposed work is magnified as the cited drugs do not have any fluorescent properties. The fluorescence of the developed sensor exhibited a linear response to APZ, CPH, and PZH in the concentration ranges of 5.0-100.0, 10.0-100.0, and 10.0-200.0 μM with detection limits of 1.53, 1.66, and 2.47 μM, respectively. The developed fluorescent probes have the advantages of rapidity and selectivity for APZ, CPH, and PZH analysis in tablets with acceptable % recoveries of (98.06-101.66 %). Evaluation of the method's greenness was performed using the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE) metrics, indicating that the method is environmentally friendly. Validation of the proposed method was performed according to ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa, 7731168, Egypt.
| | - Noura Said
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
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Kong C, Wang K, Sun L, Zhao H, Wang T, Zhou W, Wu D, Xu F. Novel Carbon Dots Derived from Moutan Cortex Significantly Improve the Solubility and Bioavailability of Mangiferin. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3611-3622. [PMID: 38660022 PMCID: PMC11041979 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s456053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mangiferin (MA), a bioactive C-glucosyl xanthone with a wide range of interesting therapeutic properties, has recently attracted considerable attention. However, its application in biomedicine is limited by poor solubility and bioavailability. Carbon dots (CDs), novel nanomaterials, have immense promise as carriers for improving the biopharmaceutical properties of active components because of their outstanding characteristics. Methods In this study, a novel water-soluble carbon dot (MC-CDs) was prepared for the first time from an aqueous extract of Moutan Cortex Carbonisata, and characterized by various spectroscopies, zeta potential and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The toxicity effect was investigated using the CCK-8 assay in vitro. In addition, the potential of MC-CDs as carriers for improving the pharmacokinetic parameters was evaluated in vivo. Results The results indicated that MC-CDs with a uniform spherical particle size of 1-5 nm were successfully prepared, which significantly increased the solubility of MA in water. The MC-CDs exhibited low toxicity in HT-22 cells. Most importantly, the MC-CDs effectively affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of MA in normal rats. UPLC-MS analysis indicated that the area under the maximum blood concentration of MA from mangiferin-MC-CDs (MA-MC-CDs) was 1.6-fold higher than that from the MA suspension liquid (MA control) after oral administration at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Conclusion Moutan Cortex-derived novel CDs exhibited superior performance in improving the solubility and bioavailability of MA. This study not only opens new possibilities for the future clinical application of MA but also provides evidence for the development of green biological carbon dots as a drug delivery system to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of insoluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuihao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaidi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Hangzhou, 310052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuxi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deling Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengqing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
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Magdy G, El Hamd MA, El-Maghrabey M, Zainy FM, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Alsaggaf WT, Radwan AS. A highly sensitive micelle-enhanced synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of the recently approved co-formulated drugs, bilastine and montelukast in pharmaceuticals and human plasma at nanogram levels. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 38044037 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous determination of bilastine and montelukast, two recently approved co-formulated antihistaminic medications, was accomplished using a quick, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and reasonably priced synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic approach for the first time. Enhancement of the method's sensitivity down to nanogram levels was achieved by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1.0% w/v) as a micellar system. According to the results, bilastine and montelukast's fluorescence was measured at 255.3 and 355.3 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 40.0 nm and distilled water as a green diluting solvent. With respect to the concentration ranges of bilastine (5.0-300.0 ng/ml) and montelukast (50.0-1000.0 ng/ml), the method showed excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9998). The results showed that the suggested method is highly sensitive, with detection limits of 1.42 and 13.74 ng/ml for bilastine and montelukast, respectively. Within-run precisions (intra- and interday) per cent relative standard deviations (RSD) for both analytes were <0.59%. With high percentage recoveries and low percentage RSD values, the designed approach was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of the cited medications in their dosage form and human plasma samples. To evaluate the green profile of the suggested method, an analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE) and green analytical procedure index (GAPI) metric tools were used. These two methods for evaluating greenness confirmed that the developed method met the highest number of green requirements, recommending its use as a green substitute for the routine analysis of the studied drugs. The proposed approach was validated according to ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Faten M Zainy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan T Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya Saad Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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Elshenawy EA, El-Malla SF, Hammad SF, Mansour FR. Green microwave-prepared N and S Co-doped carbon dots as a new fluorescent nano-probe for tilmicosin detection. Talanta 2023; 265:124853. [PMID: 37379753 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward, rapid, and selective fluorescent probe for determination of tilmicosin has been developed based on novel nitrogen and sulfur co-doped CDs (NS-CD). The NS-CDs were synthesized, for the first time, through green, simple one step microwave pyrolysis in only 90 s using glucose as carbon source and l-cysteine as nitrogen and sulfur source. This proposed synthesis method was energy-efficient and resulted in NS-CDs with high production yield (54.27 wt%) and narrow particle size distribution. Greenness of NS-CDs synthesis method was assessed using EcoScale and was proven to be excellent green synthesis. The produced NS-CDs were applied as a nano-probe for determination of tilmicosin in its marketed formulation and milk based on dynamic quenching mechanism. The developed probe showed a good performance for tilmicosin detection in marketed oral solution and pasteurized milk and linearity range of 9-180 μM and 9-120 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Elshenawy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
| | - Samah F El-Malla
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
| | - Sherin F Hammad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
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Elnaggar MM, El-Yazbi AF, Belal TS, Elbardisy HM. White sustainable luminescent determination of nifuroxazide using nitrogen-sulphur co-doped carbon quantum dots nanosensor in bulk and various pharmaceutical matrices. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29830-29846. [PMID: 37829714 PMCID: PMC10566585 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nifuroxazide (NFX) is an antimicrobial agent that is frequently used as an intestinal antiseptic and recently was proven to have anticancer properties. This work employs the use of nitrogen and sulphur co-doped carbon quantum dots (NSC-dots) luminescent nanoparticles to propose a highly sensitive, sustainable, white and green spectrofluorometric method for NFX detection in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. l-Cysteine and citric acid were the precursors to synthesize water soluble NSC-dots by a quick and environmentally-friendly hydrothermal process. NSC-dots' native fluorescence was measured at λem = 416 nm following excitation at 345 nm. Addition of NFX resulted in quantitative quenching of NSC-dots' luminescence, which represents the principle over which this luminescent method was based. Additionally, the mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The analytical procedure was validated according to the ICH-guidelines. Linear response for NFX was obtained in the dynamic range 0.04-15 μg mL-1. The estimated NFX detection and quantification limits were 0.005 and 0.015 μg mL-1, respectively. The proposed method was employed for NFX quantification into two commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms. The calculated percentage recoveries (R%), percentage relative standard deviations (RSD%), and percentage error (Er%) were satisfactory. Comparison with other reported methods showed that the proposed method is superior in several aspects. Evaluation of the whiteness of the proposed method using the RGB 12 algorithm combined with the most widely used greenness evaluation tools, the Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE, demonstrated its superiority and sustainability over other previously published spectrofluorimetric methods for the assay of NFX in various dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria 21521 Egypt +20 34873273 +20 34871317
| | - Amira F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria 21521 Egypt +20 34873273 +20 34871317
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria 21521 Egypt +20 34873273 +20 34871317
| | - Hadil M Elbardisy
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University Damanhour 22511 Egypt
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Elbardisy HM, Elnaggar MM, Belal TS, Ragab MA, El-Yazbi AF. Green "turn-off" luminescent nanosensors for the sensitive determination of desperately fluorescent antibacterial antiviral agent and its metabolite in various matrices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14131. [PMID: 37644085 PMCID: PMC10465507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitazoxanide (NTX) is an antimicrobial drug that was used for the treatment of various protozoa. However, during the coronavirus pandemic, NTX has been redirected for the treatment of such virus that primarily infect the respiratory tract system. NTX is now used as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. In this study, a highly sensitive and green spectrofluorometric method was developed to detect NTX in various dosage forms and its metabolite, tizoxanide (TX), in human plasma samples using nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots nanosensors (C-dots). A simple and eco-friendly hydrothermal method was used to synthetize water soluble C-dots from citric acid and l-cysteine. After excitation at 345 nm, the luminescence intensity was measured at 416 nm. Quenching of C-dots luminescence occurred upon the addition of NTX and was proportional to NTX concentration. Assessment of the quenching mechanism was performed to prove that inner filter effect is the underlying molecular mechanism of NTX quenching accomplished. After optimizing all experimental parameters, the analytical procedure was evaluated and validated using the ICH guidelines. The method linearity, detection and quantification limits of NTX were 15 × 10-3-15.00 µg/mL, 56.00 × 10-4 and 15 × 10-3 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of NTX in its commercial pharmaceutical products; Nanazoxid® oral suspension and tablets. The obtained % recovery, relative standard deviation and % relative error were satisfactory. Comparison with other reported spectrofluorimetric methods revealed the superior sensitivity of the proposed method. Such high sensitivity permitted the selective determination of TX, the main metabolite of NTX, in human plasma samples making this study the first spectrofluorimetric method in literature that determine TX in human plasma samples. Moreover, the method greenness was assessed using both Eco-Scale and AGREE approaches to prove the superiority of the proposed method greenness over other previously published spectrofluorimetric methods for the analysis of NTX and its metabolite, TX, in various dosage forms and in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadil M Elbardisy
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mai M Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Buhaira, 22516, Egypt
| | - Amira F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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Gharaghani FM, Mostafapour S, Hemmateenejad B. A Paper-Based Biomimetic Sensing Device for the Discrimination of Original and Fraudulent Cigarette Brands Using Mixtures of MoS 2 Quantum Dots and Organic Dyes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:705. [PMID: 37504104 PMCID: PMC10377080 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the combined effects of MoS2 QDs' catalytic properties and the colorimetric responses of organic reagents to create a sniffing device based on the sensor array concept of the mammalian olfactory system. The aim was to differentiate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in cigarette smoke. The designed optical nose device was utilized for the classification of various cigarette VOCs. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and supervised Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) methods were employed for data analysis. The LDA analysis showed promising results, with 100% accuracy in both training and cross-validation. To validate the sensor's performance, we assessed its ability to discriminate between five cigarette brands, achieving 100% accuracy in the training set and 82% in the cross-validation set. Additionally, we focused on studying four popular Iranian cigarette brands (Bahman Kootah, Omega, Montana Gold, and Williams), including fraudulent samples. Impressively, the developed sensor array achieved a perfect 100% accuracy in distinguishing these brands and detecting fraud. We further analyzed a total of 126 cigarette samples, including both original and fraudulent ones, using LDA with a matrix size of (126 × 27). The resulting LDA model demonstrated an accuracy of 98%. Our proposed analytical procedure is characterized by its efficiency, affordability, user-friendliness, and reliability. The selectivity exhibited by the developed sensor array positions it as a valuable tool for differentiating between original and counterfeit cigarettes, thus aiding in border control efforts worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Mostafapour
- Chemistry Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71456-85464, Iran
| | - Bahram Hemmateenejad
- Chemistry Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71456-85464, Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-53734, Iran
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Hemmati A, Emadi H, Nabavi SR. Green Synthesis of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots for Determination of L-DOPA Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and a Smartphone-Based Fluorimeter. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20987-20999. [PMID: 37332813 PMCID: PMC10269249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (S,N-CQDs) were synthesized using feijoa leaves as a green precursor via a novel route. Spectroscopic and microscopic methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the synthesized materials. The blue emissive S,N-CQDs were applied for qualitative and quantitative determination of levodopa (L-DOPA) in aqueous environmental and real samples. Human blood serum and urine were used as real samples with good recovery of 98.4-104.6 and 97.3-104.3%, respectively. A smartphone-based fluorimeter device was employed as a novel and user-friendly self-product device for pictorial determination of L-DOPA. Bacterial cellulose nanopaper (BC) was used as a substrate for S,N-CQDs to make an optical nanopaper-based sensor for L-DOPA determination. The S,N-CQDs demonstrated good selectivity and sensitivity. The interaction of L-DOPA with the functional groups of the S,N-CQDs via the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism quenched the fluorescence of S,N-CQDs. The PET process was studied using fluorescence lifetime decay, which confirmed the dynamic quenching of S,N-CQD fluorescence. The limit of detection (LOD) of S,N-CQDs in aqueous solution and the nanopaper-based sensor was 0.45 μM in the concentration range of 1-50 μM and 31.05 μM in the concentration range of 1-250 μM, respectively.
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Alossaimi MA, Altamimi ASA, Elmansi H, Magdy G. Green synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for the sensitive determination of larotrectinib in biological fluids and dosage forms: Evaluation of method greenness and selectivity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 300:122914. [PMID: 37257322 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the kinase receptor inhibitor drug larotrectinib has been approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of patients with solid tumors containing the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusion. In this paper, a novel sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was proposed for the determination of larotrectinib based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) fluorescent probes. The proposed method is the first spectroscopic method for analysis of the cited drug, which is simple to implement and involves no pre-treatment steps or complicated techniques. The N-CQDs synthesis was performed by adopting a straightforward, fast, and environmentally friendly approach. It was achieved by means of a standard domestic microwave with inexpensive and readily available starting materials: orange juice (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source). The synthesized N-CQDs were subjected to microscopic and spectroscopic characterization procedures. They were found to be stable with a sufficiently high fluorescence quantum yield (25.3%) and a small particle size distribution (2-5 nm). The motivation for the use of N-CQDs in this study arose from their excellent fluorescence intensities at 417 nm when excited at 325 nm. Larotrectinib was found to have a quantitative and selective quenching effect on the QDs fluorescence allowing for its sensitive determination. The drug's quenching mechanism was investigated and found to be of the static type. Under optimal conditions, the proposed approach permitted the determination of larotrectinib over the concentration interval of 5.0-28.0 µg/mL. The method showed sufficient sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.19 µg/mL and a quantitation limit of 0.57 µg/mL, enabling the determination of LARO in spiked human plasma samples. The approach's recovery percentage was found to be in the range of 99.09-100.73% for pure samples and 97.35-102.59% for plasma samples. The study also successfully applied the proposed approach to the commercial oral solution form of larotrectinib (Vitrakvi®) with high selectivity. Method greenness was further evaluated by adopting two metric tools, including the complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE), and it was confirmed to be excellent green. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the ICHQ2 (R1) recommendations and is considered an excellent candidate for potential application in the therapeutic monitoring of larotrectinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Alossaimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
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Magdy G, Ebrahim S, Belal F, El-Domany RA, Abdel-Megied AM. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for the determination of some pharmaceutically-important nitro compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5502. [PMID: 37015951 PMCID: PMC10073125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, highly fluorescent sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon quantum dots (SN-CQDs) were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using thiosemicarbazide and citric acid as starting materials. Various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were applied to characterize the prepared SN-CQDs. The synthesized SN-CQDs' maximum fluorescence emission was obtained at 430 nm after excitation at 360 nm. Rifampicin (RFP), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole (MNZ) all quantitatively and selectively quenched the SN-CQDs' native fluorescence, which was the base-for their-spectrofluorimetric estimation without the need for any tedious pre-treatment steps or high-cost instrumentation. SN-CQDs demonstrated a "turn-off" fluorescence response to RFP, TNZ, ONZ, and MNZ over the ranges of 1.0-30.0, 10.0-200.0, 6.0-200.0, and 5.0-100.0 μM with detection limits of 0.31, 1.76, 0.57, and 0.75 μM and quantitation limits of 0.93, 5.32, 1.74, and 2.28 μM respectively. The suggested method was successfully used to determine the investigated drugs in their commercial dosage forms. The method was further extended to their determination in spiked human plasma samples, with satisfactory mean % recoveries (99.44-100.29) and low % RSD values (< 4.52). The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Ebrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
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