1
|
Hedayati S, Tarahi M, Iraji A, Hashempur MH. Recent developments in the encapsulation of lavender essential oil. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103229. [PMID: 38878587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The unregulated and extensive application of synthetic compounds, such as preservatives, pesticides, and drugs, poses serious concerns to the environment, food security, and global health. Essential oils (EOs) are valid alternatives to these synthetic chemicals due to their therapeutic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Lavender essential oil (LEO) can be potentially applied in food, cosmetic, textile, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. However, its bioactivity can be compromised by its poor stability and solubility, which severely restrict its industrial applications. Encapsulation techniques can improve the functionality of LEO and preserve its bioactivity during storage. This review reports recent advances in the encapsulation of LEO by different methods, such as liposomes, emulsification, spray drying, complex coacervation, inclusion complexation, and electrospinning. It also outlines the effects of different processing conditions and carriers on the stability, physicochemical properties, and release behavior of encapsulated LEO. Moreover, this review focuses on the applications of encapsulated LEO in different food and non-food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hedayati
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tarahi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao Z, Liu L, Rennenberg H, Du B. Water deprivation modifies the metabolic profile of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14365. [PMID: 38802725 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lavender plantation is globally expanded due to the increasing demand of its essential oil and its popularity as an ornamental species. However, lavender plantations, and consequently essential oil industries, are threatened by more frequent and severe drought episodes in a globally changing climate. Still little is known about the changes in the general metabolome, which provides the precursors of essential oil production, by extended drought events. Prolonged drought fundamentally results in yield losses and changing essential oil composition. In the present study, the general metabolome of a main cultivated lavender species (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in response to water deprivation (WD) and re-watering was analyzed to identify the metabolomics responses. We found prolonged WD resulted in significant accumulations of glucose, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucose, sucrose, melezitose and raffinose, but declines of allulose, β-D-allose, altrose, fructose and D-cellobiose accompanied by decreased organic acids abundances. Amino acids and aromatic compounds of p-coumaric acid, hydrocaffeic acid and caffeic acid significantly accumulated at prolonged WD, whereas aromatics of cis-ferulic acid, taxifolin and two fatty acids (i.e., palmitic acid and stearic acid) significantly decreased. Prolonged WD also resulted in decreased abundances of polyols, particularly myo-inositol, galactinol and arabitol. The altered metabolite profiles by prolonged WD were mostly not recovered after re-watering, except for branched-chain amino acids, proline, serine and threonine. Our study illustrates the complex changes of leaf primary and secondary metabolic processes of L. angustifolia by drought events and highlights the potential impact of these precursors of essential oil production on the lavender industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiao Liao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molina R, López-Santos C, Balestrasse K, Gómez-Ramírez A, Sauló J. Enhancing Essential Oil Extraction from Lavandin Grosso Flowers via Plasma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2383. [PMID: 38397059 PMCID: PMC10889515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of plasma treatment on Lavandin Grosso flowers and its influence on the extraction of essential oils (EOs) via hydrodistillation. Short plasma treatment times enhance the yield of EO extraction from 3.19% in untreated samples to 3.44%, corresponding to 1 min of plasma treatment, while longer treatment times (10 min) show diminishing returns to 3.07% of yield extraction. Chemical characterization (GC/MS and ATR-FTIR) indicates that plasma treatments do not significantly alter the chemical composition of the extracted EOs, preserving their aromatic qualities. Investigations into plasma-surface interactions reveal changes at the nanometer level, with XPS confirming alterations in the surface chemistry of Lavandin Grosso flowers by reducing surface carbon and increasing oxygen content, ultimately resulting in an increased presence of hydrophilic groups. The presence of hydrophilic groups enhances the interaction between the surface membrane of the glandular trichomes on Lavandin Grosso flowers and water vapor, consequently increasing the extraction of EOs. Furthermore, microscopic SEM examinations demonstrate that plasma treatments do not affect the morphology of glandular trichomes, emphasizing that surface modifications primarily occur at the nanoscale. This study underscores the potential of plasma technology as a tool to enhance EO yields from botanical sources while maintaining their chemical integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Molina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Santos
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Group, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (A.G.-R.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karina Balestrasse
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina;
- Cátedra de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Ana Gómez-Ramírez
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Group, Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (A.G.-R.)
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jordi Sauló
- Laboratory of Dioxins, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Troisio I, Bertocchi M, Ventrella D, Scozzoli M, Di Vito M, Truzzi E, Benvenuti S, Mattarelli P, Bacci ML, Elmi A. Short- and long-term effects of essential oils on swine spermatozoa during liquid phase refrigeration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:285. [PMID: 38168599 PMCID: PMC10762118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of essential oils as potential alternatives to antibiotics in swine semen storage is promising, due to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, detrimental effects on spermatozoa should be clarified first. The aim of this study was to evaluate 9 essential oils (EOs; Satureja montana, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon nardus, Melaleuca leucadendron, Eucaliptus globulus, Citrus limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula hybrida, Mentha piperita) and a blend (GL mix) on key morpho-functional parameters of swine spermatozoa. Test compounds were firstly chemo-characterized and experimental doses were prepared by suspending a fixed number of spermatozoa with 3 different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL) of EOs. Experimental doses were stored at 16 °C and sampled after 3 and 120 h for analysis. Overall, S. montana, P. graveolens and L. angustifolia EOs induced the strongest alterations, with C. nardus and E. globulus EOs being the best tolerated. Swine spermatozoa represent a good preliminary testing platform to screen toxicity and its different patterns. The comprehensive overview on the potential mechanisms of action of some of the most common EOs, despite of the direct aim of the study being swine reproduction, may be exploited in other fields of research within both veterinary and human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Troisio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Scozzoli
- Italian Society for Research on Essential Oils (Società Italiana per la Ricerca sugli Oli Essenziali-SIROE), Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, MO, Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, MO, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Upadyshev M, Ivanova B, Motyleva S. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Metabolites after Magnetic-Pulse Treatment of Infected Pyrus communis L. Microplants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16776. [PMID: 38069098 PMCID: PMC10705910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The major goal of this study is to create a venue for further work on the effect of pulsed magnetic fields on plant metabolism. It deals with metabolite synthesis in the aforementioned conditions in microplants of Pyrus communis L. So far, there have been glimpses into the governing factors of plant biochemistry in vivo, and low-frequency pulsed magnestatic fields have been shown to induce additional electric currents in plant tissues, thus perturbing the value of cell membrane potential and causing the biosynthesis of new metabolites. In this study, sixty-seven metabolites synthesized in microplants within 3-72 h after treatment were identified and annotated. In total, thirty-one metabolites were produced. Magnetic-pulse treatment caused an 8.75-fold increase in the concentration of chlorogenic acid (RT = 8.33 ± 0.0197 min) in tissues and the perturbation of phenolic composition. Aucubin, which has antiviral and antistress biological activity, was identified as well. This study sheds light on the effect of magnetic fields on the biochemistry of low-molecular-weight metabolites of pear plants in vitro, thus providing in-depth metabolite analysis under optimized synthetic conditions. This study utilized high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, metabolomics methods, stochastic dynamics mass spectrometry, quantum chemistry, and chemometrics, respectively. Stochastic dynamics uses the relationships between measurands and molecular structures of silylated carbohydrates, showing virtually identical mass spectra and comparable chemometrics parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Upadyshev
- Laboratory of Virology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127422 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Svetlana Motyleva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops”, Molodezhnaya Str. 10, 302502 Oryol, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Li H, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang D, Dong Y, Ling Z, Bai H, Jin X, Hu X, Shi L. Decoupling subgenomes within hybrid lavandin provide new insights into speciation and monoterpenoid diversification of Lavandula. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2084-2099. [PMID: 37399213 PMCID: PMC10502749 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization and transposon elements contribute to shape plant genome diversity and secondary metabolic variation in some edible crops. However, the specific contribution of these variations to the chemo-diversity of Lamiaceae, particularly in economic shrubs, is still poorly documented. The rich essential oils (EOs) of Lavandula plants are distinguished by monoterpenoids among the main EO-producing species, L. angustifolia (LA), L. × intermedia (LX) and L. latifolia (LL). Herein, the first allele-aware chromosome-level genome was assembled using a lavandin cultivar 'Super' and its hybrid origin was verified by two complete subgenomes (LX-LA and LX-LL). Genome-wide phylogenetics confirmed that LL, like LA, underwent two lineage-specific WGDs after the γ triplication event, and their speciation occurred after the last WGD. Chloroplast phylogenetic analysis indicated LA was the maternal source of 'Super', which produced premium EO (higher linalyl/lavandulyl acetate and lower 1,8-cineole and camphor) close to LA. Gene expression, especially the monoterpenoid biosynthetic genes, showed bias to LX-LA alleles. Asymmetric transposon insertions in two decoupling 'Super' subgenomes were responsible for speciation and monoterpenoid divergence of the progenitors. Both hybrid and parental evolutionary analysis revealed that LTR (long terminal repeat) retrotransposon associated with AAT gene loss cause no linalyl/lavandulyl acetate production in LL, and multi-BDH copies retained by tandem duplication and DNA transposon resulted in higher camphor accumulation of LL. Advances in allelic variations of monoterpenoids have the potential to revolutionize future lavandin breeding and EO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Yiming Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Zhengyi Ling
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Botanical GardenBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Betlej I, Andres B, Cebulak T, Kapusta I, Balawejder M, Jaworski S, Lange A, Kutwin M, Pisulewska E, Kidacka A, Krochmal-Marczak B, Borysiuk P. Antimicrobial Properties and Assessment of the Content of Bioactive Compounds Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Cultivated in Southern Poland. Molecules 2023; 28:6416. [PMID: 37687245 PMCID: PMC10490438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lavender is a valued plant due to its cosmetic, perfumery, culinary, and health benefits. A wide range of applications is related to the composition of bioactive compounds, the quantity and quality of which is determined by various internal and external factors, i.e., variety, morphological part of the plant, and climatic and soil conditions during vegetation. In the presented work, the characterization of antimicrobial properties as well as the qualitative and quantitative assessment of bioactive compounds in the form of polyphenols in ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. intended for border hedges, cultivated in the region of southern Poland, were determined. The composition of the fraction of volatile substances and antioxidant properties were also assessed. The conducted research shows that extracts from leaves and flowers significantly affected the viability of bacterial cells and the development of mold fungi. A clear decrease in the viability of bacteria and C. albicans cells was shown in the concentration of 0.32% of extracts. Leaf extracts were characterized by a much higher content of polyphenols and antioxidant properties than flower extracts. The composition of volatiles measured by GC-MS was significantly different between the extracts. Linalyl acetate and ocimene isomers mix dominated in flower extracts, whereas coumarin, γ-cadinene, and 7-methoxycoumarin were identified as dominant in leaf extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Betlej
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Andres
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, 1a Ćwiklińskiej St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (A.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (A.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (A.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Elżbieta Pisulewska
- Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland; (E.P.); (B.K.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Kidacka
- Breeding Department, Małopolska Plant Breeding Company sp. z o. o., 4 Zbożowa St., 30-002 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
- Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland; (E.P.); (B.K.-M.)
| | - Piotr Borysiuk
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pokajewicz K, Czarniecka-Wiera M, Krajewska A, Maciejczyk E, Wieczorek PP. Lavandula x intermedia—A Bastard Lavender or a Plant of Many Values? Part II. Biological Activities and Applications of Lavandin. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072986. [PMID: 37049749 PMCID: PMC10095729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article is the second in a series aimed at providing an in-depth overview of Lavandula x intermedia (lavandin). In part I, the biology and chemistry of lavandin were addressed. In part II, the focus is on the functional properties of lavandin and its applications in industry and daily life. While reviewing the biological properties, only original research articles employing lavandin were considered. Lavandin essential oil has been found to have antioxidant and biocidal activity (antimicrobial, nematicidal, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, and allelopathic), as well as other potential therapeutic effects such as anxiolytic, neuroprotective, improving sleep quality, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. Other lavandin preparations have been investigated to a much lesser extent. The research is either limited or inconsistent across all studies, and further evidence is needed to support these properties. Unlike its parent species—Lavandula angustifolia (LA)—lavandin essential oil is not officially recognized as a medicinal raw material in European Pharmacopeia. However, whenever compared to LA in shared studies, it has shown similar effects (or even more pronounced in the case of biocidal activities). This suggests that lavandin has similar potential for use in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pokajewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Agnieszka Krajewska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Maciejczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|