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Montagnon C, Bultel JR, Besnard C, Guénée L, Lacour J. Polycyclic Pyrazolidines by Tandem Diazomalonate Dipolar Cycloadditions and CpRu-Catalyzed Carbene Additions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401522. [PMID: 38726887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to the ability of diazo derivatives to react either as 1,3-dipoles and as carbenes after dinitrogen extrusion, combinations of oxa or aza benzonorbornadienes and diazomalonates afford polycyclic pyrazolidines via a three-step sequence of (i) a highly diastereoselective [3+2]-cycloaddition, (ii) a CpRu-catalyzed carbene addition, and (iii) a second dipolar cycloaddition. Of importance, step (II) represents a unique access to novel bench-stable N,N-cyclic azomethine imines, which behave as effective 1,3-dipoles in combination with electron-poor dipolarophiles. Each step proceeds efficiently and the 3-step process can be performed in one-pot to yield a polycyclic pyrazolidine in excellent overall yield (90 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Montagnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Joël R Bultel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Javahershenas R, Makarem A, Klika KD. Recent advances in microwave-assisted multicomponent synthesis of spiro heterocycles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5547-5565. [PMID: 38357035 PMCID: PMC10866134 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spiro heterocycle frameworks are a class of organic compounds that possesses unique structural features making them highly sought-after targets in drug discovery due to their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool for assembling complex molecular architectures. The use of microwave irradiation in synthetic chemistry is a promising method for accelerating reaction rates and improving yields. This review provides insights into the current state of the art and highlights the potential of microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of novel spiro heterocyclic compounds that were reported between 2017 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Ata Makarem
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent developments on microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing preferred heterocyclic scaffolds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32858-32892. [PMID: 37942237 PMCID: PMC10628940 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the utilization of microwave energy has experienced an extraordinary surge, leading to the introduction of innovative and revolutionary applications across various fields of chemistry such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, organic synthesis and heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review on the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of selected heterocycles. We highlight the use of microwave irradiation as an effective method for constructing a diverse range of molecules with high yield and selectivity. We also emphasize the impact of microwave irradiation on the efficient synthesis of N- and O-containing heterocycles that possess bioactive properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor activities. Specific attention is given to the efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines-, coumarin-, quinoline-, and isatin-based scaffolds, which have been extensively studied for their potential in drug discovery. The article provides valuable insights into the recent synthetic protocols and trends for the development of new drugs using heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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Sharma R, Yadav L, Nasim AA, Yadav RK, Chen RH, Kumari N, Ruiqi F, Sharon A, Sahu NK, Ippagunta SK, Coghi P, Wong VKW, Chaudhary S. Chemo-/Regio-Selective Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-oxindoles] under Microwave Irradiation and Their Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:6503. [PMID: 37764279 PMCID: PMC10537280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of nitrostyrene-based spirooxindoles were synthesized via the reaction of substituted isatins 1a-b, a number of α-amino acids 2a-e and (E)-2-aryl-1-nitroethenes 3a-e in a chemo/regio-selective manner using [3+2] cycloaddition (Huisgen) reaction under microwave irradiation conditions. The structure elucidation of all the synthesized spirooxindoles were done using 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS spectral analysis. The single crystal X-ray crystallographic study of compound 4l was used to assign the stereochemical arrangements of the groups around the pyrrolidine ring in spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-oxindoles] skeleton. The in vitro anticancer activity of spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-oxindoles] analogs 4a-w against human lung (A549) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines along with immortalized normal lung (BEAS-2B) and liver (LO2) cell lines shows promising results. Out of the 23 synthesized spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-oxindoles], while five compounds (4c, 4f, 4m, 4q, 4t) (IC50 = 34.99-47.92 µM; SI = 0.96-2.43) displayed significant in vitro anticancer activity against human lung (A549) cancer cell lines, six compounds (4c, 4f, 4k, 4m, 4q, 4t) (IC50 = 41.56-86.53 µM; SI = 0.49-0.99) displayed promising in vitro anticancer activity against human liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. In the case of lung (A549) cancer cell lines, these compounds were recognized to be more efficient and selective than standard reference artemisinin (IC50 = 100 µM) and chloroquine (IC50 = 100 µM; SI: 0.03). However, none of them were found to be active as compared to artesunic acid [IC50 = 9.85 µM; SI = 0.76 against lung (A549) cancer cell line and IC50 = 4.09 µM; SI = 2.01 against liver (HepG2) cancer cell line].
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; (R.S.); (L.Y.); (R.K.Y.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Lalit Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; (R.S.); (L.Y.); (R.K.Y.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Ali Adnan Nasim
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (A.A.N.); (R.H.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Ravi Kant Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; (R.S.); (L.Y.); (R.K.Y.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Rui Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (A.A.N.); (R.H.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Neha Kumari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India; (N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Fan Ruiqi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (A.A.N.); (R.H.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Ashoke Sharon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India; (N.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Nawal Kishore Sahu
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; (R.S.); (L.Y.); (R.K.Y.); (N.K.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Government Engineering College, Bharatpur 321303, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sirish Kumar Ippagunta
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Paolo Coghi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (A.A.N.); (R.H.C.); (F.R.)
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; (R.S.); (L.Y.); (R.K.Y.); (N.K.S.)
- Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis (BHC Lab), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Bijnor–Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao H, Zhao Y. Engaging Isatins and Amino Acids in Multicomponent One-Pot 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions-Easy Access to Structural Diversity. Molecules 2023; 28:6488. [PMID: 37764264 PMCID: PMC10536439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have undoubtedly emerged as the most indispensable tool for organic chemists worldwide, finding extensive utility in the synthesis of intricate natural products, heterocyclic molecules with significant bioactivity, and pharmaceutical agents. The multicomponent one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which were initially conceptualized by Rolf Huisgen in 1960, find extensive application in contemporary heterocyclic chemistry. In terms of green synthesis, the multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is highly favored owing to its numerous advantages, including high step- and atom-economies, remarkable product diversity, as well as excellent efficiency and diastereoselectivity. Among the numerous pieces of research, the most fascinating reaction involves the utilization of azomethine ylides generated from isatins and amino acids that can be captured by various dipolarophiles. This approach offers a highly efficient and convenient method for constructing spiro-pyrrolidine oxindole scaffolds, which are crucial building blocks in biologically active molecules. Consequently, this review delves deeper into the dipolarophiles utilized in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatins and amino acids over the past six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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