|
1
|
Jiao Z, Gao C, Li J, Lu J, Wang J, Li L, Chen X. Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead. Molecules 2024; 29:660. [PMID: 38338404 PMCID: PMC10856798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Most research on immobilized microorganisms employs biomass charcoal as a carrier, but limited studies explore coal-based resources for microbial immobilization. Herein, lead-resistant functional strains were immobilized using weathered coal as a carrier, resulting in the development of a weathered coal-immobilized microbial material (JK-BW) exhibiting high efficiency in lead removal from solutions. A quadratic polynomial model for the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of JK-BW on Pb2+ was developed using the Box-Behnken method to determine the optimal adsorption conditions. The Pb2+ adsorption mechanism of JK-BW was studied through batch adsorption and desorption experiments along with SEM-EDS, BET, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Findings indicated that optimal conditions were identified at 306 K temperature, 0.36 g/L adsorbent dosage, and 300 mg/L initial solution concentration, achieving a peak adsorption performance of 338.9 mg/g (308 K) for the immobilized material, surpassing free cell adsorption by 3.8 times. Even after four cycles of repeated use, the material maintained its high adsorption capacity. Pb2+ adsorption by JK-BW involved monolayer chemisorption with ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, physical adsorption, and microbial intracellular phagocytosis. Ion exchange accounted for 22-42% and complexation accounted for 39-57% of the total adsorption mechanisms, notably involving exchanges with K, Ca, Na, and Mg ions as well as complexation with -OH, -COOH, CO-OH, -COOH, CO-, NH2, and the β-ring of pyridine for Pb2+ adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zile Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Chunhua Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jinjing Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|