Graphitic Carbon Nitride Doped Copper-Manganese Alloy as High-Performance Electrode Material in Supercapacitor for Energy Storage

Recent advances in electrochemical-based sensors amplified with carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) for sensing pharmaceutical and food pollutants

Foodborne-related infections due to additives and pollutants pose a considerable task for food processing enterprises. Therefore, the competent, cost-effective, and quick investigation of nutrition additives and contaminants is essential to reduce the threat of public fitness problems. The electrochemical sensor (ECS) shows facile and potent analytical approaches desirable for food protection and quality inspection over traditional methods. The consequence of a broad display of nanomaterials has paved the path for their relevance in designing high-performance ECSs appliances for medical diagnostics and conditions and food protection. This review article has discussed the importance of electrochemical-based sensors amplified with carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs). Initially, we have demonstrated the types of pharmaceutical and food/agriculture pollutants (such as pesticides, heavy metals, antibiotics and other medical drugs) present in water. Subsequently, we have compiled the information on electrochemical techniques (such as voltammetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and their crucial parameters for detecting pollutants. Further, the applications of CNMs for sensing pharmaceutical and food pollutants have been demonstrated in detail. Finally, the topic has been concluded with existing challenges and future prospects.

Ionic Liquid-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensors, Energy, Biomedicine, and Environmental Applications: Roadmap to the Future

Current interest toward ionic liquids (ILs) stems from some of their novel characteristics, like low vapor pressure, thermal stability, and nonflammability, integrated through high ionic conductivity and broad range of electrochemical strength. Nowadays, ionic liquids represent a new category of chemical-based compounds for developing superior and multifunctional substances with potential in several fields. ILs can be used in solvents such as salt electrolyte and additional materials. By adding functional physiochemical characteristics, a variety of IL-based electrolytes can also be used for energy storage purposes. It is hoped that the present review will supply guidance for future research focused on IL-based polymer nanocomposites electrolytes for sensors, high performance, biomedicine, and environmental applications. Additionally, a comprehensive overview about the polymer-based composites' ILs components, including a classification of the types of polymer matrix available is provided in this review. More focus is placed upon ILs-based polymeric nanocomposites used in multiple applications such as electrochemical biosensors, energy-related materials, biomedicine, actuators, environmental, and the aviation and aerospace industries. At last, existing challenges and prospects in this field are discussed and concluding remarks are provided.

2D Personality of Multifunctional Carbon Nitrides towards Enhanced Catalytic Performance in Energy Storage and Remediation

Numerous scholars in the scientific and management areas have been overly focused on contemporary breakthroughs in two-dimensional objects for multiple prospective applications. Photochemical and electrocatalytic functions of integrated circuits associated with multi-component tools have been enhanced by designing the macro- and microstructures of the building blocks. Therefore, the current research attempts to explore a larger spectrum of layered graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) and their derivatives as an efficient catalyst. By executing systematic manufacturing, optimization, and evaluation of its relevance towards astonishing energy storage devices, adsorption chemistry, and remediation, many researchers have focused on the coupling of such 2D carbon nitrides combined with suitable elementals. Hybrid carbon nitrides have been promoted as reliable 2D combinations for the enhanced electrophotocatalytic functionalities, proved by experimental observations and research outputs. By appreciating the modified structural, surface, and physicochemical characteristics of the carbon nitrides, we aim to report a systematic overview of the g-C3N4 materials for the application of energy storages and environments. It has altered energy band gap, thermal stability, remarkable dimensional texturing, and electrochemistry, and therefore detailed studies are highlighted by discussing the chemical architectures and atomic alternation of g-C3N4 (2D) structures.

Novel synthesis methods and applications of MXene-based nanomaterials (MBNs) for hazardous pollutants degradation: Future perspectives

MXenes are a quickly growing and extended group of two-dimensional (2D) substances that have earned unbelievable analysis credits for various application areas within different manufacturing areas. Due to novel essential architectural and physicochemical properties shows good properties, such as elevated exterior area, living adaptability, strong electrochemistry, and great hydrophilicity. Given the fast progress within the structure and synthesis of MBNs for water treatment, quick updates on this research field are required to remove toxic substances, such as production approaches and characterization methods for the advantages and constraints of MXenes for pollutant degradation. MXenes are determined as a proposed road toward atmosphere-clean-up machinery to identify and decrease a pattern of hazardous resistant pollutants from environmental forms. Here, in this review article, we have been focused on describing the overview, novel synthesis methods, and characteristics of the MXene-based nanomaterials (MBNs) in the field for removing hazardous contaminants from environmental conditions. In the last, the utilizations of MBNs in water sanitization, organic solvent filtration, antibiotics degradation, pesticide degradation, heavy metals degradation, ions removal, bacterial pathogens degradation, along with the conclusion, challenges, and prospects in this field, have been discussed.

Thermal, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Carbon Fiber Fabric and Graphene Reinforced Segmented Polyurethane Composites

Thermal conductive materials with reliable and high performances such as thermal interface materials are crucial for rapid heat transferring in thermal management. In this work, carbon fiber fabric and graphene reinforced segmented polyurethane composites (CFF-G/SPU) were proposed and prepared to obtain superior thermal, mechanical and electrical properties using the hot-pressing method. The composites exhibit excellent tensile strength and can withstand a tensile force of at least 350 N without breaking. The results show that, comparing with the SPU material, the thermal conductivity is increased by 28% for the CFF-G/SPU composite, while the in-plane electrical conductivity is increased by 8 orders of magnitude to 175 S·m^-1. The application of CFF-G/SPU composite as a winding thermal interface material with electric-driven self-heating effect presents good performances of fluidity and interface wettability. The composite has great advantages in phase transition and filling the interfacial gap in the short time of few seconds under the condition of electrical field, with the interface temperature difference between two layers significantly reduced.

Cobalt molybdate nanorods decorated on boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride sheets for electrochemical sensing of furazolidone

A nanorod-like structured CoMoO₄ embedded on boron doped-graphitic carbon nitride composite (CoMoO₄/BCN) has been developed by a simple sonochemical method for electrochemical detection of furazolidone (FUZ). Interestingly, the impedance of CoMoO₄/BCN fabricated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) possesses a lower resistance charge transfer (R_ct), which favors superior electrochemical detection of FUZ. Such CoMoO₄/BCN/SPCE exhibits an ultralow detection limit of 1.6 nM with a concentration range of 0.04-408.9 μM, and high sensitivity of 11.6 μA μM^-1 cm^-2 by DPV method. In addition, biological and water samples were used for demonstration of practical application of CoMoO₄/BCN/SPCE towards electrochemical detection of FUZ, and the result exhibits a satisfactory recovery.Graphical abstract.

Disposable Stochastic Sensors Based on Nanolayer Deposition(s) of Silver and AgC Composite on Plastic for the Assay of α-amylase in Whole Blood and Saliva

Nanolayer deposition(s) of Ag and AgC composite on a plastic substrate was used to design disposable stochastic sensors. Three shapes of nanocoatings were tested. The first shape was obtained by deposition of a nanofilm of Ag on the plastic material; the second shape was obtained by deposition of a composite AgC nanolayer on the plastic material; the third shape was obtained by nanolayer deposition of a composite material of AgC on the top of the Ag nanofilm deposited on the plastic material. α-Cyclodextrin was used to modify the active surface of the sensor. Wide linear concentration ranges were obtained as follows: for de-assay of α-amylase in whole blood: 1.00 × 10⁻⁷–1.00 × 10³ U mL⁻¹ and for the assay of α-amylase in saliva: 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁵–1.5 × 10² U mL⁻¹. α-Amylase was reliably determined from whole blood and saliva samples using the proposed disposable stochastic sensors.

Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposite for High-Performance Energy Storage Applications

In recent years, numerous discoveries and investigations have been remarked for the development of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites. Carbon-based materials and their composites hold encouraging employment in a broad array of fields, for example, energy storage devices, fuel cells, membranes sensors, actuators, and electromagnetic shielding. Carbon and its derivatives exhibit some remarkable features such as high conductivity, high surface area, excellent chemical endurance, and good mechanical durability. On the other hand, characteristics such as docility, lower price, and high environmental resistance are some of the unique properties of conducting polymers (CPs). To enhance the properties and performance, polymeric electrode materials can be modified suitably by metal oxides and carbon materials resulting in a composite that helps in the collection and accumulation of charges due to large surface area. The carbon-polymer nanocomposites assist in overcoming the difficulties arising in achieving the high performance of polymeric compounds and deliver high-performance composites that can be used in electrochemical energy storage devices. Carbon-based polymer nanocomposites have both advantages and disadvantages, so in this review, attempts are made to understand their synergistic behavior and resulting performance. The three electrochemical energy storage systems and the type of electrode materials used for them have been studied here in this article and some aspects for example morphology, exterior area, temperature, and approaches have been observed to influence the activity of electrochemical methods. This review article evaluates and compiles reported data to present a significant and extensive summary of the state of the art.

Facile Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped Porous Composites with Amorphous Carbon/Zn Shell for High-Performance Microwave Absorption

A facile method for the preparation of microwave absorbers with low density, high microwave absorptivity, and broad band is of paramount importance to the progress in practical application. Herein, commonly-used metal organic frameworks (MOFs) prepared just by mechanical stirring in methanol at room temperature were chosen as sacrificial templates to synthesize porous carbon composites with tunable dielectric and magnetic properties. With the replacement of Co atoms on the surface of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) by Zn atoms, a Co-doped porous carbon composite with a low-dielectric amorphous carbon/Zn shell was constructed after annealing, leading to excellent impedance matching condition. Consequently, the as-obtained composite (Co/C@C-800) shows marvelous microwave absorption properties with an absorption capacity of -43.97 dB and a corresponding effective absorption bandwidth of 4.1 GHz, far exceeding that of the traditional porous carbon and composites directly derived from ZIF-67. The results provide a convenient way to modify MOFs for enhanced microwave absorption materials from the synergy of dielectric and magnetic losses.

Facile functionalization of boron nitride (BN) for the development of high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Ternary composites based on functionalized BN, a carbonaceous material, and PANI are developed for real-time asymmetric supercapacitor application.