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Lodewijk I, Dueñas M, Paramio JM, Rubio C. CD44v6, STn & O-GD2: promising tumor associated antigens paving the way for new targeted cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1272681. [PMID: 37854601 PMCID: PMC10579806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1272681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies are the state of the art in oncology today, and every year new Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are developed for preclinical research and clinical trials, but few of them really change the therapeutic scenario. Difficulties, either to find antigens that are solely expressed in tumors or the generation of good binders to these antigens, represent a major bottleneck. Specialized cellular mechanisms, such as differential splicing and glycosylation processes, are a good source of neo-antigen expression. Changes in these processes generate surface proteins that, instead of showing decreased or increased antigen expression driven by enhanced mRNA processing, are aberrant in nature and therefore more specific targets to elicit a precise anti-tumor therapy. Here, we present promising TAAs demonstrated to be potential targets for cancer monitoring, targeted therapy and the generation of new immunotherapy tools, such as recombinant antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T) or Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Natural Killer (CAR-NK) for specific tumor killing, in a wide variety of tumor types. Specifically, this review is a detailed update on TAAs CD44v6, STn and O-GD2, describing their origin as well as their current and potential use as disease biomarker and therapeutic target in a diversity of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lodewijk
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Paramio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Oncology-CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Castellani C, Radu CM, Morillas-Becerril L, Barison I, Menato F, Do Nascimento TM, Fedrigo M, Giarraputo A, Virzì GM, Simioni P, Basso C, Papini E, Tavano R, Mancin F, Vescovo G, Angelini A. Poly(lipoic acid)-based nanoparticles as a new therapeutic tool for delivering active molecules. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 45:102593. [PMID: 35907619 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pluronic-coated polylipoic acid-based nanoparticles (F127@PLA-NPs) have great potential as biodegradable nanovectors for delivering active molecules to different organs in complex diseases. In this study we describe the in vivo biodistribution, safety and ability to deliver molecules of F127@PLA-NPs in healthy rats following intravenous administration. Adult rats were injected with 10 mg/kg of rhodamine B-labeled F127@PLA-NPs, and NPs fluorescence and MFI rate were measured by confocal microscopy in whole collected organs. The NPs accumulation rate was maximal in the heart, compared to the other organs. At the cellular level, myocytes and kidney tubular cells showed the highest NPs uptake. Neither histopathological lesion nor thrombogenicity were observed after NPs injection. Finally, F127@PLA-NPs were tested in vitro as miRNAs delivery nanosystem, and they showed good ability in targeting cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrated that our F127@PLA-NPs constitute a biological, minimally invasive and safe delivery tool targeting organs and cells, such as heart and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Castellani
- Dept. of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Radu
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Dept. of Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Barison
- Dept. of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Menato
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marny Fedrigo
- Dept. of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessia Giarraputo
- Dept. of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Virzì
- Dept. of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy; IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Dept. of Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Dept. of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Emanuele Papini
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Research-CRIBI, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Regina Tavano
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Research-CRIBI, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Angelini
- Dept. of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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3
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Yang L, Yang J, Jacobson B, Gilbertsen A, Smith K, Higgins L, Guerrero C, Xia H, Henke CA, Lin J. SFPQ Promotes Lung Cancer Malignancy via Regulation of CD44 v6 Expression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862250. [PMID: 35707369 PMCID: PMC9190464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to tumor pathogenesis and elicit antitumor immune responses in tumor microenvironments. Nuclear proteins might be the main players in these processes. In the current study, combining spatial proteomics with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) in lung non-small cell (NSC) cancer MSCs, we identify a key nuclear protein regulator, SFPQ (Splicing Factor Proline and Glutamine Rich), which is overexpressed in lung cancer MSCs and functions to promote MSCs proliferation, chemical resistance, and invasion. Mechanistically, the knockdown of SFPQ reduces CD44v6 expression to inhibit lung cancer MSCs stemness, proliferation in vitro, and metastasis in vivo. The data indicates that SFPQ may be a potential therapeutic target for limiting growth, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,The Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Blake Jacobson
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Adam Gilbertsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Karen Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Candace Guerrero
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Craig A Henke
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jizhen Lin
- The Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,The Immunotherapy Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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4
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Wu SY, Wu FG, Chen X. Antibody-Incorporated Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109210. [PMID: 35142395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless, obstacles including limited tumor penetration, short circulation half-lives, undesired immunogenicity, and off-target side effects remain to be overcome for the antibody-based cancer treatment. Owing to the rapid development of nanotechnology, antibody-containing nanomedicines that have been extensively explored to overcome these obstacles have already demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy and clinical translation potential. This review intends to offer an overview of the advancements of antibody-incorporated nanoparticulate systems in cancer treatment, together with the nontrivial challenges faced by these next-generation nanomedicines. Diverse strategies of antibody immobilization, formats of antibodies, types of cancer-associated antigens, and anticancer mechanisms of antibody-containing nanomedicines are provided and discussed in this review, with an emphasis on the latest applications. The current limitations and future research directions on antibody-containing nanomedicines are also discussed from different perspectives to provide new insights into the construction of anticancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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5
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Ngowi EE, Wang YZ, Qian L, Helmy YASH, Anyomi B, Li T, Zheng M, Jiang ES, Duan SF, Wei JS, Wu DD, Ji XY. The Application of Nanotechnology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases and Disorders. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:629832. [PMID: 33738278 PMCID: PMC7960921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.629832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain is by far the most complex organ in the body. It is involved in the regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional activities. The organ is also a target for many diseases and disorders ranging from injuries to cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain diseases are the main causes of disability and one of the leading causes of deaths. Several drugs that have shown potential in improving brain structure and functioning in animal models face many challenges including the delivery, specificity, and toxicity. For many years, researchers have been facing challenge of developing drugs that can cross the physical (blood–brain barrier), electrical, and chemical barriers of the brain and target the desired region with few adverse events. In recent years, nanotechnology emerged as an important technique for modifying and manipulating different objects at the molecular level to obtain desired features. The technique has proven to be useful in diagnosis as well as treatments of brain diseases and disorders by facilitating the delivery of drugs and improving their efficacy. As the subject is still hot, and new research findings are emerging, it is clear that nanotechnology could upgrade health care systems by providing easy and highly efficient diagnostic and treatment methods. In this review, we will focus on the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases and disorders by illuminating the potential of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yasmeen Ahmed Saleheldin Hassan Helmy
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bright Anyomi
- Brain Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - En-She Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Nursing and Health, Institutes of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jian-She Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Brain Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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6
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Chen YA, Lai YR, Wu HY, Lo YJ, Chang YF, Hung CL, Lin CJ, Lo UG, Lin H, Hsieh JT, Chiu CH, Lin YH, Lai CH. Bacterial Genotoxin-Coated Nanoparticles for Radiotherapy Sensitization in Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020151. [PMID: 33557143 PMCID: PMC7913852 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and usually becomes refractory because of recurrence and metastasis. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein, serves as a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). It has been found to be abundantly expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs) that often exhibit a radioresistant phenotype. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), produced by Campylobacter jejuni, is a tripartite genotoxin composed of CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC subunits. Among the three, CdtB acts as a type I deoxyribonuclease (DNase I), which creates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Nanoparticles loaded with antitumor drugs and specific ligands that recognize cancerous cell receptors are promising methods to overcome the therapeutic challenges. In this study, HA-decorated nanoparticle-encapsulated CdtB (HA-CdtB-NPs) were prepared and their targeted therapeutic activity in radioresistant PCa cells was evaluated. Our results showed that HA-CdtB-NPs sensitized radioresistant PCa cells by enhancing DSB and causing G2/M cell-cycle arrest, without affecting the normal prostate epithelial cells. HA-CdtB-NPs possess maximum target specificity and delivery efficiency of CdtB into the nucleus and enhance the effect of radiation in radioresistant PCa cells. These findings demonstrate that HA-CdtB-NPs exert target specificity accompanied with radiomimetic activity and can be developed as an effective strategy against radioresistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yen-Ju Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Targeted Drug and Delivery Technology Division, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
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7
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Arslan FB, Ozturk Atar K, Calis S. Antibody-mediated drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120268. [PMID: 33486037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Passive and active targeted nanoparticulate delivery systems show promise to compensate for lacking properties of conventional therapy such as side effects, insufficient efficiency and accumulation of the drug at target site, poor pharmacokinetic properties etc. For active targeting, physically or covalently conjugated ligands, including monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, are consistently used and researched for targeting delivery systems or drugs to their target site. Currently, there are several FDA approved actively targeted antibody-drug conjugates, whereas no active targeted delivery system is in clinical use at present. However, efforts to successfully formulate actively targeted delivery systems continue. The scope of this review will be the use of monoclonal antibodies and their fragments as targeting ligands. General information about targeted delivery and antibodies will be given at the first half of the review. As for the second half, fragmentation of antibodies and conjugation approaches will be explained. Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments as targeting ligands and approaches for conjugating these ligands to nanoparticulate delivery systems and drugs will be the main focus of this review, polyclonal antibodies will not be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betul Arslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kivilcim Ozturk Atar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Calis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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8
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Li C, Wang J, Lu X, Ge H, Jin X, Guan Q, su Y, Pan R, Li P, Cai W, Zhu X. Hydrogen peroxide-response nanoprobe for CD44-targeted circulating tumor cell detection and H2O2 analysis. Biomaterials 2020; 255:120071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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