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Xiao H, Meng X, Songtao Li, Li Z, Fang S, Wang Y, Li J, Tang J, Ma L. Combined drug anti-deep vein thrombosis therapy based on platelet membrane biomimetic targeting nanotechnology. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122670. [PMID: 38941685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
After orthopedic surgeries, such as hip replacement, many patients are prone to developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which in severe cases can lead to fatal pulmonary embolism or major bleeding. Clinical intervention with high-dose anticoagulant therapy inevitably carries the risk of bleeding. Therefore, a targeted drug delivery system that adjusts local DVT lesions and potentially reduces drug dosage and toxic side effects important. In this study, we developed a targeted drug delivery platelet-derived nanoplatform (AMSNP@PM-rH/A) for DVT treatment that can simultaneously deliver a direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) Recombinant Hirudin (rH), and the Factor Xa inhibitor Apixaban (A) by utilizing Aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AMSNP). This formulation exhibits improved biocompatibility and blood half-life and can effectively eliminate deep vein thrombosis lesions and achieve therapeutic effects at half the dosage. Furthermore, we employed various visualization techniques to capture the targeted accumulation and release of a platelet membrane (PM) coating in deep vein thrombosis and explored its potential targeting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Songtao Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- The Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Shuo Fang
- The Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- The Core Facilities of Modern Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Li Ma
- The Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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2
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Xu H, He X, Zhang B, Li M, Zhu Y, Wang T, Liu S, Shu M, Ding D, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Li J, Song X, Huang W. Low-level ambient ozone exposure associated with neutrophil extracellular traps and pro-atherothrombotic biomarkers in healthy adults. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117509. [PMID: 38523002 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uncertainty of the causality determinations for ambient ozone (O3) on cardiovascular events is heightened by the limited understanding of the mechanisms involved in humans. We aimed to examine the pro-atherothrombotic impacts of O3 exposure and to explore the potential mediating roles of dysfunctional neutrophils, focusing on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). METHODS A longitudinal panel study of 152 healthy adults was conducted in the cool to cold months with relatively low levels of O3 between September 2019 and January 2020 in Beijing, China. Four repeated measurements of indicators reflecting atherothrombotic balance and NETs were performed for each participant. RESULTS Daily average exposure levels of ambient O3 were 16.6 μg/m3 throughout the study period. Per interquartile range increase in average concentrations of O3 exposure at prior up to 7 days, we observed elevations of 200.1-276.3% in D-dimer, 27.2-36.8% in thrombin-antithrombin complex, 10.8-60.3% in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, 13.9-21.8% in soluble P-selectin, 16.5-45.1% in matrix metalloproteinase-8, and 2.4-12.4% in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. These pro-atherothrombotic changes were accompanied by endothelial activation, lung injury, and immune inflammation. O3 exposure was also positively associated with circulating NETs indicators, including citrullinated histone H3, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and double-stranded DNA. Mediation analyses indicated that NETs could mediate O3-associated pro-atherothrombotic responses. The observational associations remained significant and robust after controlling for other pollutants, and were generally greater in participants with low levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Ambient O3 exposure was associated with significant increases in NETs and pro-atherothrombotic potential, even at exposure levels well below current air quality guidelines of the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghou He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcong Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mushui Shu
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Yusefi M, Shameli K, Jahangirian H, Teow SY, Afsah-Hejri L, Mohamad Sukri SNA, Kuča K. How Magnetic Composites are Effective Anticancer Therapeutics? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3535-3575. [PMID: 37409027 PMCID: PMC10319292 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting off-target cytotoxicities have been reported. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies using magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) for magnetothermal chemotherapy may potentially improve the therapeutic outcome by increasing the target selectivity. In this review, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic targeting using drug-loaded MNCs are revisited, focusing on magnetism, the fabrication and structures of magnetic nanoparticles, surface modifications, biocompatible coating, shape, size, and other important physicochemical properties of MNCs, along with the parameters of the hyperthermia therapy and external magnetic field. Due to the limited drug-loading capacity and low biocompatibility, the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as drug delivery system has lost traction. In contrast, MNCs show higher biocompatibility, multifunctional physicochemical properties, high drug encapsulation, and multi-stages of controlled release for localized synergistic chemo-thermotherapy. Further, combining various forms of magnetic cores and pH-sensitive coating agents can generate a more robust pH, magneto, and thermo-responsive drug delivery system. Thus, MNCs are ideal candidate as smart and remotely guided drug delivery system due to a) their magneto effects and guide-ability by the external magnetic fields, b) on-demand drug release performance, and c) thermo-chemosensitization under an applied alternating magnetic field where the tumor is selectively incinerated without harming surrounding non-tumor tissues. Given the important effects of synthesis methods, surface modifications, and coating of MNCs on their anticancer properties, we reviewed the most recent studies on magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery systems in cancer therapy, and magnetothermal chemotherapy to provide insights on the current development of MNC-based anticancer nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yusefi
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamyar Shameli
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | | | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leili Afsah-Hejri
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, School of Business, Science and Technology, Lakeland University Plymouth, WI 53073, USA
| | | | - Kamil Kuča
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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4
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Singh J, Boettcher M, Dölling M, Heuer A, Hohberger B, Leppkes M, Naschberger E, Schapher M, Schauer C, Schoen J, Stürzl M, Vitkov L, Wang H, Zlatar L, Schett GA, Pisetsky DS, Liu ML, Herrmann M, Knopf J. Moonlighting chromatin: when DNA escapes nuclear control. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:861-875. [PMID: 36755071 PMCID: PMC9907214 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular chromatin, for example in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is an important element that propels the pathological progression of a plethora of diseases. DNA drives the interferon system, serves as autoantigen, and forms the extracellular scaffold for proteins of the innate immune system. An insufficient clearance of extruded chromatin after the release of DNA from the nucleus into the extracellular milieu can perform a secret task of moonlighting in immune-inflammatory and occlusive disorders. Here, we discuss (I) the cellular events involved in the extracellular release of chromatin and NET formation, (II) the devastating consequence of a dysregulated NET formation, and (III) the imbalance between NET formation and clearance. We include the role of NET formation in the occlusion of vessels and ducts, in lung disease, in autoimmune diseases, in chronic oral disorders, in cancer, in the formation of adhesions, and in traumatic spinal cord injury. To develop effective therapies, it is of utmost importance to target pathways that cause decondensation of chromatin during exaggerated NET formation and aggregation. Alternatively, therapies that support the clearance of extracellular chromatin are conceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeshan Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dölling
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Heuer
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg HaTriCS4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirco Schapher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universtität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ljubomir Vitkov
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
- Department of Dental Pathology, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticija Zlatar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg A Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David S Pisetsky
- Department of Medicine and Immunology and Medical Research Service, Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Yang W, Jannatun N, Zeng Y, Liu T, Zhang G, Chen C, Li Y. Impacts of microplastics on immunity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:956885. [PMID: 36238600 PMCID: PMC9552327 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.956885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most disposable plastic products are degraded slowly in the natural environment and continually turned to microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), posing additional environmental hazards. The toxicological assessment of MPs for marine organisms and mammals has been reported. Thus, there is an urgent need to be aware of the harm of MPs to the human immune system and more studies about immunological assessments. This review focuses on how MPs are produced and how they may interact with the environment and our body, particularly their immune responses and immunotoxicity. MPs can be taken up by cells, thus disrupting the intracellular signaling pathways, altering the immune homeostasis and finally causing damage to tissues and organs. The generation of reactive oxygen species is the mainly toxicological mechanisms after MP exposure, which may further induce the production of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and associate with the processes of toll-like receptors (TLRs) disruption, cytokine production, and inflammatory responses in immune cells. MPs effectively interact with cell membranes or intracellular proteins to form a protein-corona, and combine with external pollutants, chemicals, and pathogens to induce greater toxicity and strong adverse effects. A comprehensive research on the immunotoxicity effects and mechanisms of MPs, including various chemical compositions, shapes, sizes, combined exposure and concentrations, is worth to be studied. Therefore, it is urgently needed to further elucidate the immunological hazards and risks of humans that exposed to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nahar Jannatun
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqiao Zeng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano Safety, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Li Q, Wang Y, Sun Q, Knopf J, Herrmann M, Lin L, Jiang J, Shao C, Li P, He X, Hua F, Niu Z, Ma C, Zhu Y, Ippolito G, Piacentini M, Estaquier J, Melino S, Weiss FD, Andreano E, Latz E, Schultze JL, Rappuoli R, Mantovani A, Mak TW, Melino G, Shi Y. Immune response in COVID-19: what is next? Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1107-1122. [PMID: 35581387 PMCID: PMC9110941 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic for more than 2 years and it still impacts our daily lifestyle and quality in unprecedented ways. A better understanding of immunity and its regulation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Based on the current literature, we review here the various virus mutations and the evolving disease manifestations along with the alterations of immune responses with specific focuses on the innate immune response, neutrophil extracellular traps, humoral immunity, and cellular immunity. Different types of vaccines were compared and analyzed based on their unique properties to elicit specific immunity. Various therapeutic strategies such as antibody, anti-viral medications and inflammation control were discussed. We predict that with the available and continuously emerging new technologies, more powerful vaccines and administration schedules, more effective medications and better public health measures, the COVID-19 pandemic will be under control in the near future. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU008, 20 Dongda Street, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liangyu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Peishan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Zubiao Niu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU008, 20 Dongda Street, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Chaobing Ma
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU008, 20 Dongda Street, 100071, Beijing, China
| | - Yichao Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2021RU008, 20 Dongda Street, 100071, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerome Estaquier
- INSERM-U1124, Université Paris, Paris, France.,CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Biology, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Felix Daniel Weiss
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emanuele Andreano
- Research and Development Center, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Siena, Italy
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Research and Development Center, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Clinical Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gerry Melino
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine of Soochow University, Medical College, Suzhou, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Valderrama A, Ortiz-Hernández P, Agraz-Cibrián JM, Tabares-Guevara JH, Gómez DM, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Taborda NA, Hernandez JC. Particulate matter (PM 10) induces in vitro activation of human neutrophils, and lung histopathological alterations in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7581. [PMID: 35534522 PMCID: PMC9083477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological association between exposure to particulate matter (PM10) and various respiratory and cardiovascular problems is well known, but the mechanisms driving these effects remain unclear. Neutrophils play an essential role in immune defense against foreign agents and also participate in the development of inflammatory responses. However, the role of these cells in the PM10 induced inflammatory response is not yet fully established. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of PM10 on the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response. For this, neutrophils from healthy adult human donors were in vitro exposed to different concentrations of PM10. The cell viability and cytotoxic activity were evaluated by MTT. LDH, propidium iodide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by flow cytometry. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) expression, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neutrophil elastase (NE) expression were measured by RT-PCR. IL-8 was also quantified by ELISA. Fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. The in vivo inflammatory responses were assessed in BALB/c mice exposed to PM10 by histopathology and RT-PCR. The analysis shows that PM10 exposure induced a cytotoxic effect on neutrophils, evidenced by necrosis and LDH release at high PM10 concentrations. ROS production, IL-8, MPO, NE expression, and NETs release were increased at all PM10 concentrations assessed. Neutrophil infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histopathological changes with inflammatory cell infiltration, and CXCL1 expression were observed in PM10-treated mice. The results suggest that lung inflammation in response to PM10 could be mediated by neutrophils activation. In this case, these cells migrate to the lungs and release pro-inflamatory mediators, including ROS, IL-8, and NETs. Thus, contributing to the exacerbation of respiratory pathologies, such as allergies, infectious and obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Valderrama
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paul Ortiz-Hernández
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | | | - Diana M Gómez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
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8
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Hung SC, Ke LC, Lien TS, Huang HS, Sun DS, Cheng CL, Chang HH. Nanodiamond-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Mice Involve P-Selectin-Dependent Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Mediated Platelet Aggregation, Pyroptosis and Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:806686. [PMID: 35444640 PMCID: PMC9013758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.806686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) has been developed as a carrier to conduct various in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Safety is one of the major considerations, while the hemocompatibility of ND is not clearly addressed. Here we found that, compared to the other sizes of ND with relatively inert properties, treatments of 50 nm ND induced stronger platelet aggregation, platelet pyroptosis, apoptosis and thrombocytopenia in mice. Blockage treatments of soluble P-selectin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors markedly suppressed such adverse effects, suggesting ND-induced platelet activation and pyroptosis involves surface P-selectin-mediated enhancement of mitochondrial superoxide levels and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In addition, challenges of NDs induced less platelet pyroptosis and displayed less thrombocytopenia in P-selectin (Selp-/-), Nlrp3 (Nlrp3-/-) and caspase-1 (Casp1-/-) mutants, as compared to the wild type mice. Blockers of P-selectin, ROS, and Nlrp3 inflammasome pathways could be considered as antidotes for ND induced platelet activation and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Chu Ke
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsin-Hou Chang, ;
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9
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Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3125-3139. [PMID: 34031543 PMCID: PMC8142290 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs, occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is paramount to define the mechanisms and develop protective therapies to prevent organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Individuals that develop severe manifestations have signs of dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence implicates neutrophils and the disbalance between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, coagulopathy, organ damage, and immunothrombosis that characterize severe cases of COVID-19. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NETs in COVID-19 manifestations and present putative mechanisms, by which NETs promote tissue injury and immunothrombosis. We present therapeutic strategies, which have been successful in the treatment of immunο-inflammatory disorders and which target dysregulated NET formation or degradation, as potential approaches that may benefit patients with severe COVID-19.
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10
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Bilyy R, Pagneux Q, François N, Bila G, Grytsko R, Lebedin Y, Barras A, Dubuisson J, Belouzard S, Séron K, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Rapid Generation of Coronaviral Immunity Using Recombinant Peptide Modified Nanodiamonds. Pathogens 2021; 10:861. [PMID: 34358011 PMCID: PMC8308543 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination remains one of the most effective tools to prevent infectious diseases. To ensure that the best possible antigenic components are chosen to stimulate a cognitive immune response, boosting antigen presentation using adjuvants is common practice. Nanodiamond-based adjuvants are proposed here as a rapid and versatile platform for antigen conjugation, utilizing peptides common to different pathogenic strains and making this strategy a good candidate for a "ready-to-use" vaccine. Initiation of an inflammatory reaction with a resulting immune response is based on the ability of living organisms to entrap nanostructures such as nanodiamonds with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. In this work, coronavirus peptide homological for MERS-CoV, fusion inhibitor, was conjugated to nanodiamonds and used to induce neutrophilic-driven self-limiting inflammation. The resulting adjuvant was safe and did not induce any tissue damage at the site of injection. Mice immunization resulted in IgG titers of ¼,000 within 28 days. Immunization of rabbits resulted in the formation of a high level of antibodies persistently present for up to 120 days after the first immunization (animal lifespan ~3 years). The peptide used for immunization proved to be reactive with sera of convalescent COVID patients, demonstrating the possibility of developing pancoronaviral vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Str., 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (G.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Quentin Pagneux
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (Q.P.); (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Nathan François
- U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.F.); (J.D.); (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Galyna Bila
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Str., 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (G.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Roman Grytsko
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Str., 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (G.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Yuri Lebedin
- Xema Co., Ltd., Akademika Efremova Str., 23, 03179 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Alexandre Barras
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (Q.P.); (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.F.); (J.D.); (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Sandrine Belouzard
- U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.F.); (J.D.); (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Karin Séron
- U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (N.F.); (J.D.); (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (Q.P.); (A.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, University Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (Q.P.); (A.B.); (R.B.)
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11
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Immune Responses to Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051241. [PMID: 34066755 PMCID: PMC8150963 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Mustapić M, Glumac Z, Heffer M, Zjalić M, Prološčić I, Masud M, Blažetić S, Vuković A, Billah M, Khan A, Šegota S, Al Hossain MS. AC/DC magnetic device for safe medical use of potentially harmful magnetic nanocarriers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124918. [PMID: 33422751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuing our previous research work on a drug delivery system based on combined AC/DC magnetic fields, we have developed a prototype AC/DC magnetic syringe device for stimulation of drug release from drug carriers, with the options of injecting/removing drug carriers. The porous Fe3O4 carrier, in a dose-dependent manner, causes acute oxidative damage and reduces the viability of differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, indicating the necessity for its removal once it reaches the therapeutic concentration at the target tissue. The working mechanism of the device consists of three simple steps. First, direct injection of the drug adsorbed on the surface of a carrier via a needle inserted into the targeted area. The second step is stimulation of drug release using a combination of AC magnetic field (a coil magnetised needle with AC current) and permanent magnets (DC magnetic lens outside of the body), and the third step is removal of the drug carriers from the injected area after the completion of drug release by magnetising the tip of the needle with DC current. Removing the drug carriers allows us to avoid possible acute and long term side effects of the drug carriers in the patient's body, as well as any potential response of the body to the drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mislav Mustapić
- Department of Physics, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zvonko Glumac
- Department of Physics, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Milorad Zjalić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Prološčić
- Department of Physics, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mostafa Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Senka Blažetić
- Department of Biology, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Vuković
- Department of Biology, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ulica Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Motasim Billah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Aslam Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Md Shahriar Al Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
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13
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Modulation of Innate Immune Toxicity by Silver Nanoparticle Exposure and the Preventive Effects of Pterostilbene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052536. [PMID: 33802568 PMCID: PMC7961836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles pose a potential risk to ecosystems and living organisms due to their widespread use in various fields and subsequent gradual release into the environment. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) toxicity on immunological functions. Furthermore, these toxic effects have not been fully explored. Recent studies have indicated that zebrafish are considered a good alternative model for testing toxicity and for evaluating immunological toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of AgNPs on innate immunity using a zebrafish model and to investigate whether the natural compound pterostilbene (PTE) could provide protection against AgNPs-induced immunotoxicity. Wild type and neutrophil- and macrophage-transgenic zebrafish lines were used in the experiments. The results indicated that the exposure to AgNPs induced toxic effects including death, malformation and the innate immune toxicity of zebrafish. In addition, AgNPs affect the number and function of neutrophils and macrophages. The expression of immune-related cytokines and chemokines was also affected. Notably, the addition of PTE could activate immune cells and promote their accumulation in injured areas in zebrafish, thereby reducing the damage caused by AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs may induce innate immune toxicity and PTE could ameliorate this toxicity.
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