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Gangavarapu A, Tapia-Lopez LV, Sarkar B, Pena-Zacarias J, Badruddoza AZM, Nurunnabi M. Lipid nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39291697 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent studies, lipid nanoparticles have attracted attention as drug delivery systems owing to their preeminent potential in achieving the desired bioavailability of biopharmaceutics (BCS) class II and class IV drugs. The current debate concerns the bioavailability of these poorly absorbed drugs with their simultaneous oral degradation. Lipid nanoparticles, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), are lipid-based carrier systems that can effectively encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, offering versatile drug delivery systems. The unique properties of lipids (biodegradability and biocompatibility) and their transportation pathways enhance the biological availability of drugs. These particles can increase the gastrointestinal absorption and solubilization of minimally bioavailable drugs via a selective lymphatic pathway. This review mainly focuses on providing a brief update on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that synergistically increase the bioavailability of limited permeable drugs and highlight the transversal mechanisms of LNPs across the gastrointestinal hurdles, transmembrane absorption, transport kinetics, and computational tools. Finally, the present hurdles and future perspectives of LNPs for oral drug delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushareddy Gangavarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Lillian V Tapia-Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Barnali Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Jaqueline Pena-Zacarias
- Biological Sciences Program, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79965, USA
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
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2
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Alcantara KP, Malabanan JWT, Nalinratana N, Thitikornpong W, Rojsitthisak P, Rojsitthisak P. Cannabidiol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Ameliorate the Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Free Radicals in an In Vitro Inflammation-Induced Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4744. [PMID: 38731964 PMCID: PMC11083812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive compound derived from Cannabis sativa. It has demonstrated promising effects in combating inflammation and holds potential as a treatment for the progression of chronic inflammation. However, the clinical application of CBD is limited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. This study introduces an effective method for preparing CBD-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CBD-SLNs) using a combination of low-energy hot homogenization and ultrasonication. We enhanced this process by employing statistical optimization with response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized CBD-SLN formulation utilizes glyceryl monostearate as the primary lipid component of the nanocarrier. The CBD-SLN formulation is screened as a potential tool for managing chronic inflammation. Stable, uniformly dispersed spherical nanoparticles with a size of 123 nm, a surface charge of -32.1 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 95.16%, and a drug loading of 2.36% were obtained. The CBD-SLNs exhibited sustained release properties, ensuring prolonged and controlled CBD delivery, which could potentially amplify its therapeutic effects. Additionally, we observed that CBD-SLNs significantly reduced both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocyte and macrophage cell lines, with these inhibitory effects being more pronounced than those of free CBD. In conclusion, CBD-SLNs demonstrated superiority over free CBD, highlighting its potential as an effective delivery system for CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khent Primo Alcantara
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.A.); (J.W.T.M.); (N.N.); (W.T.); (P.R.)
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - John Wilfred T. Malabanan
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.A.); (J.W.T.M.); (N.N.); (W.T.); (P.R.)
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nonthaneth Nalinratana
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.A.); (J.W.T.M.); (N.N.); (W.T.); (P.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Worathat Thitikornpong
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.A.); (J.W.T.M.); (N.N.); (W.T.); (P.R.)
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.A.); (J.W.T.M.); (N.N.); (W.T.); (P.R.)
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranee Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.P.A.); (J.W.T.M.); (N.N.); (W.T.); (P.R.)
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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3
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Shen SJ, Feng PC, Wu RC, Kuo YH, Liu SJ, Ito H. Resorbable nanofibrous membranes for local and sustained co-delivery of acyclovir and ketorolac in herpes therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123988. [PMID: 38467207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Herpes simplex and herpes zoster are both viral infections caused by members of the herpesvirus family. The former is characterized by painful, fluid-filled blisters or sores on the skin and mucous membranes, while the latter presents as a painful rash with blisters, typically occurring in a single band or patch along one side of the body. The treatment remains a challenge since current antiviral therapy via oral administration may lead to unfavorable side effects such as headaches, nausea, and diarrhea. This study used electrospinning to develop biodegradable nanofibrous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membranes for delivery of both acyclovir and ketorolac. The structure of the spun nanofibers was assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the appearance of loaded acyclovir and ketorolac in the nanofibers was confirmed with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Release profiles of these drugs from the nanofibrous membranes were assessed using in vitro elution studies, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays, and in vivo drug release patterns. The electrospun nanofibers had a size range of 283-725 nm in diameter, resembling the extracellular matrix of natural tissue and demonstrated excellent flexibility and extensibility. Notably, the drug-eluting nanofibers exhibited an extended release of high levels of acyclovir and ketorolac over a 21-day period. Thus, biodegradable drug-eluting membranes with a prolonged drug release could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating herpes infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jyun Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chao Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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4
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Munusamy R, Shanmugasundharam S. Enhanced gastric residence time of acyclovir by floating raft formulation using box-behnken design. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24301. [PMID: 38293518 PMCID: PMC10825352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This research paper reports enhancing Acyclovir's gastric residence time by implementing a raft-forming drug delivery system. Because acyclovir is a narrow absorption window drug, it has a poor bioavailability of 10-20 % and a short half-life (t1/2) of 2.5 h. The guar gum and GMS-based floating raft formulation retain the drug in the stomach for an extended period by enhancing GRT. The Box-Behnken design is used to optimize the amount of guar gum, glyceryl monostearate, and calcium carbonate and to study how they affect the in vitro gelation time, viscosity, and in vitro drug release. The ratio of drug and excipients in guar gum (1:0.5), GMS (1:1.25) based FRF suspension containing sodium citrate (0.25 %), carbopol (0.1 %), and calcium carbonate (1:1.5). Seventeen runs were developed through the Box-Behnken design to study all the optimal interactions between variables and responses through a polynomial equation. The optimized formulation is then characterized using various physicochemical tests such as rheological analysis, in vitro drug release, kinetic drug release, and in vitro permeation studies. The in vitro gelation time, viscosity, and in vitro drug release time of optimized FRF are 12 s, 1090 cps, and 88 % at 24 h, respectively. The flux and permeability coefficient of the optimized batch have a higher value indicating higher permeability of acyclovir. The FRF follows non-fickian diffusion as a drug release mechanism. The results show that the raft-forming drug delivery system significantly enhances the absorption of Acyclovir by prolonging drug release and also improving its gastric residence time in the stomach. This research contributes to the field of drug delivery systems by providing a novel approach for improving the therapeutic efficacy of acyclovir and potentially other drugs with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, India
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5
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Sabry SA, Abd El Razek AM, Nabil M, Khedr SM, El-Nahas HM, Eissa NG. Brain-targeted delivery of Valsartan using solid lipid nanoparticles labeled with Rhodamine B; a promising technique for mitigating the negative effects of stroke. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2179127. [PMID: 36794404 PMCID: PMC10003139 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2179127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a vital organ that is protected from the general circulation and is distinguished by the presence of a relatively impermeable blood brain barrier (BBB). Blood brain barrier prevents the entry of foreign molecules. The current research aims to transport valsartan (Val) across BBB utilizing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) approach to mitigate the adverse effects of stroke. Using a 32-factorial design, we could investigate and optimize the effect of several variables in order to improve brain permeability of valsartan in a target-specific and sustained-release manner, which led to alleviation of ischemia-induced brain damage. The impact of each of the following independent variables was investigated: lipid concentration (% w/v), surfactant concentration (% w/v), and homogenization speed (RPM) on particle size, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE) %, and cumulative drug release percentage (CDR) %. TEM images revealed a spherical form of the optimized nanoparticles, with particle size (215.76 ± 7.63 nm), PDI (0.311 ± 0.02), ZP (-15.26 ± 0.58 mV), EE (59.45 ± 0.88%), and CDR (87.59 ± 1.67%) for 72 hours. SLNs formulations showed sustained drug release, which could effectively reduce the dose frequency and improve patient compliance. DSC and X-ray emphasize that Val was encapsulated in the amorphous form. The in-vivo results revealed that the optimized formula successfully delivered Val to the brain through intranasal rout as compared to a pure Val solution and evidenced by the photon imaging and florescence intensity quantification. In a conclusion, the optimized SLN formula (F9) could be a promising therapy for delivering Val to brain, alleviating the negative consequences associated with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen A Sabry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal M Abd El Razek
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, Kharga, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Khedr
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Nahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noura G Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Schwagerle G, Sharp MJ, Parr A, Schimek D, Mautner SI, Birngruber T. Detailed pharmacokinetic characterization of advanced topical acyclovir formulations with IVPT and in vivo Open Flow Microperfusion. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123269. [PMID: 37495025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment of herpes simplex viruses is currently limited by a lack of effective topical drugs. Commonly used topical acyclovir products only reduce the duration of lesions by a few days. Optimizing topical formulations to achieve an enhanced acyclovir solubility and penetration could increase the efficacy of topically applied acyclovir, but new formulations need to show reliable acyclovir delivery into at least the epidermis/dermis and need to provide sustained acyclovir release for extended time periods. The aim of this study was to compare pharmacokinetic data from in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) and preclinical dermal open flow microperfusion (dOFM) experiments regarding the penetration behavior of different acyclovir formulations relative to the reference product Zovirax® 5% cream. Four test formulations that delivered the best penetration data in IVPT were further tested using continuous dOFM in vivo dermal sampling. The use of dOFM identified one of the four tested formulations to perform significantly better than the other three tested formulations and the reference product. In vivo dOFM data showed differences in the dermal acyclovir concentration that had not been detected by using IVPT. Improved acyclovir delivery to the dermis was likely achieved by the new formulation that uses a much lower drug load compared to the reference product. This optimized formulation was able to achieve a dermal concentration similar to oral application and can thus provide the opportunity of more efficacious topical HSV-1 treatment with less side effects than oral systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Schwagerle
- Health - Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthew J Sharp
- Propella Therapeutics, Inc., 367 Freedom Parkway, Suite 130-3, Pittsboro, NC 27312, USA
| | - Alan Parr
- BioCeutics LLC, 1209 Kenbridge Lane, Cary, NC 27511, USA
| | - Denise Schimek
- Health - Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Selma I Mautner
- Health - Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Birngruber
- Health - Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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López KL, Ravasio A, González-Aramundiz JV, Zacconi FC. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) Prepared by Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis: Promising Green Strategies for the Nanoworld. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1333. [PMID: 37242575 PMCID: PMC10221859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pharmaceutically active molecules are highly lipophilic, which renders their administration and adsorption in patients extremely challenging. Among the countless strategies to overcome this problem, synthetic nanocarriers have demonstrated superb efficiency as drug delivery systems, since encapsulation can effectively prevent a molecules' degradation, thus ensuring increased biodistribution. However, metallic and polymeric nanoparticles have been frequently associated with possible cytotoxic side effects. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), which are prepared with physiologically inert lipids, therefore emerged as an ideal strategy to bypass toxicities issues and avoid the use of organic solvents in their formulations. Different approaches to preparation, using only moderate amounts of external energy to facilitate a homogeneous formation, have been proposed. Greener synthesis strategies have the potential to provide faster reactions, more efficient nucleation, better particle size distribution, lower polydispersities, and furnish products with higher solubility. Particularly microwave-assisted synthesis (MAS) and ultrasound-assisted synthesis (UAS) have been utilized in the manufacturing of nanocarrier systems. This narrative review addresses the chemical aspects of those synthesis strategies and their positive influence on the characteristics of SLNs and NLCs. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and future challenges for the manufacturing processes of both types of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L. López
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - José Vicente González-Aramundiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, Pontificia, CIEN-UC, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados, Pontificia, CIEN-UC, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (ND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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8
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Current Advances in Lipid Nanosystems Intended for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020656. [PMID: 36839978 PMCID: PMC9967415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin delivery is an exciting and challenging field. It is a promising approach for effective drug delivery due to its ease of administration, ease of handling, high flexibility, controlled release, prolonged therapeutic effect, adaptability, and many other advantages. The main associated challenge, however, is low skin permeability. The skin is a healthy barrier that serves as the body's primary defence mechanism against foreign particles. New advances in skin delivery (both topical and transdermal) depend on overcoming the challenges associated with drug molecule permeation and skin irritation. These limitations can be overcome by employing new approaches such as lipid nanosystems. Due to their advantages (such as easy scaling, low cost, and remarkable stability) these systems have attracted interest from the scientific community. However, for a successful formulation, several factors including particle size, surface charge, components, etc. have to be understood and controlled. This review provided a brief overview of the structure of the skin as well as the different pathways of nanoparticle penetration. In addition, the main factors influencing the penetration of nanoparticles have been highlighted. Applications of lipid nanosystems for dermal and transdermal delivery, as well as regulatory aspects, were critically discussed.
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Elbrink K, Van Hees S, Roelant D, Loomans T, Holm R, Kiekens F. The influence on the oral bioavailability of solubilized and suspended drug in a lipid nanoparticle formulation: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:1-10. [PMID: 36031014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the oral bioavailability of celecoxib when incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles either dissolved or suspended. In vitro drug release in different media, in vivo performance, and in vitro-in vivo correlation were conducted. The results revealed that the compound was successfully encapsulated into the nanocarriers with good physicochemical properties for oral administration. The in vitro release profiles followed the Weibull model, with significant differences between the formulations containing the solubilized and the suspended compound. Furthermore, in vitro release data could be used to rank the observed in vivo bioavailability. The relative bioavailability of celecoxib from the solid lipid nanoparticles was 2.5- and 1.8-fold higher for the drug solubilized and suspended solid lipid nanoparticle formulation, respectively, when compared to the celecoxib reference. A significant difference was observed between the plasma concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters for the three investigated formulations. Finally, this investigation displayed promising outcomes that both solubilized and suspended celecoxib in the lipid core of the solid lipid nanoparticles offers the potential to improve the compound's oral bioavailability and thereby reduce the dosing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Elbrink
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Van Hees
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Roelant
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Discovery Sciences, DMPK, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Tine Loomans
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Discovery Sciences, DMPK, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - René Holm
- Janssen Pharmaceutica, Drug Product and Development, Parenterals and Liquids, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Filip Kiekens
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Abd-Elsalam WH, Ibrahim RR. Span 80/TPGS modified lipid-coated chitosan nanocomplexes of acyclovir as a topical delivery system for viral skin infections. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121214. [PMID: 34678396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acyclovir (ACR) is considered the gold standard drug for the treatment of skin viral infections caused by the herpes simplex or varicella-zoster virus. However, topical therapy with ACR is hindered by its poor skin penetrability, thus necessitating high doses and frequent administrations. This study was proposed to formulate a modified lipid-coated chitosan nanocomplexes (LCNCs) of acyclovir (ACR), containing span 80 and TPGS, to boost the dermal delivery of ACR and improve the therapeutic outcomes. LCNCs were formulated through a self-assembly method, and the statistical analysis and the optimization were performed via a general 23 factorial design. Three formulation variables were selected; namely, the amount of chitosan (A), the amount of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) (B), and span 80: D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin ETPGSorTPGS) ratio (C). Four measured attributes were determined; viz., the particle size (PS) in nm, the polydispersity index (PDI), the zeta potential (ZP) in mV, and the entrapment efficiency percentages (EE%). The optimal formulation (LCNCs 8), formulated with 600 mg chitosan, 120 mg GMO, and 3:1 span 80: TPGS ratio, possessed PS of 177.50 ± 1.41 nm, PDI value of 0.28 ± 0.02, ZP of -10.70 ± 0.85 mV, and EE% of 77.20 ± 2.40 %, and was able to sustain ACR release over 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy displayed LCNCs architecture as a polymeric core of chitosan with a lipid coat of GMO, and the solid-state characterization results confirmed the dispersion of ACR in LCNCs. The ex vivo permeation study and the in vivo dermatokinetics profile verified the boosted accumulation of ACR in the skin via LCNCs, while the confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the heightened penetrability of LCNCs. The topical application of LCNCs demonstrated a safe profile via the modified Draize test and histopathological examinations. Inclusively, ACR-loaded LCNCs could be a promising topical formulation with an advanced dermal delivery status for the treatment of skin viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam H Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reem R Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Candian University, 6 October, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan, Ain Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Kaur H, Ghosh S, Kumar P, Basu B, Nagpal K. Ellagic acid-loaded, tween 80-coated, chitosan nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic approach against breast cancer: In-vitro and in-vivo study. Life Sci 2021; 284:119927. [PMID: 34492262 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Among polyphenolic phytoconstituents with anticancer properties, Ellagic acid (EA) is widely reported for its translational potential in vitro but efficient in vivo delivery of EA has been a challenge. We, for the first time, used a tween 80 coated nano delivery of Ellagic acid to evaluate its preclinical efficacy in vitro and in vivo for breast cancer. MAIN METHODS To overcome the challenges of in vivo delivery, two batches of chitosan-based nanoformulations of EA (with and without tween 80 coating) were prepared by the ionotropic gelation method. The nanoformulations were characterized and further evaluated in vitro against breast cancer cells (MCF7) and in vivo with EAC tumor-bearing mice for establishing their anticancer efficacy compared to Ellagic acid alone. A quantitative simulation study was undertaken to understand if the observed antitumor efficacy is due to the synergistic efficacy of the Chitosan-Ellagic acid combination. KEY FINDINGS Results revealed that nanoformulations consist of good nano-sized encapsulation of EA and showed good drug entrapment-release capacity. Nano-encapsulated EA is biocompatible and exhibited higher cytotoxicity in vitro compared to EA alone. Similarly, significantly higher tumor regression was observed in nano-EA treated mice compared to EA alone, and best efficacy was observed with the nanoformulation with tween 80 coating. Furthermore, nanoformulations showed higher apoptosis in tumor tissues with no significant tissue toxicity in vital organs. SIGNIFICANCE We report synergism of Chitosan-Ellagic acid combination in the tween 80 coated nanoparticles of Ellagic acid resulting in enhanced anti-breast tumor efficacy that may be of translational value for other tumor types, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsheen Kaur
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, AUUP 201303, India
| | - Sandip Ghosh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology & Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Biswarup Basu
- Department of Neuroendocrinology & Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India.
| | - Kalpana Nagpal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, AUUP 201303, India.
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Hassan H, Adam SK, Alias E, Meor Mohd Affandi MMR, Shamsuddin AF, Basir R. Central Composite Design for Formulation and Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Enhance Oral Bioavailability of Acyclovir. Molecules 2021; 26:5432. [PMID: 34576904 PMCID: PMC8470285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of herpes simplex infection requires high and frequent doses of oral acyclovir to attain its maximum therapeutic effect. The current therapeutic regimen of acyclovir is known to cause unwarranted dose-related adverse effects, including acute kidney injury. For this reason, a suitable delivery system for acyclovir was developed to improve the pharmacokinetic limitations and ultimately administer the drug at a lower dose and/or less frequently. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles were designed to improve the oral bioavailability of acyclovir. The central composite design was applied to investigate the influence of the materials on the physicochemical properties of the solid lipid nanoparticles, and the optimized formulation was further characterized. Solid lipid nanoparticles formulated from Compritol 888 ATO resulted in a particle size of 108.67 ± 1.03 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 91.05 ± 0.75%. The analyses showed that the optimum combination of surfactant and solid lipid produced solid lipid nanoparticles of good quality with controlled release property and was stable at refrigerated and room temperature for at least 3 months. A five-fold increase in oral bioavailability of acyclovir-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles was observed in rats compared to commercial acyclovir suspension. This study has presented promising results that solid lipid nanoparticles could potentially be used as an oral drug delivery vehicle for acyclovir due to their excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniza Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.K.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Siti Khadijah Adam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.K.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Ekram Alias
- UKM Medical Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | | | - Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.K.A.); (R.B.)
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Kumari S, Dandamudi M, Rani S, Behaeghel E, Behl G, Kent D, O’Reilly NJ, O’Donovan O, McLoughlin P, Fitzhenry L. Dexamethasone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:905. [PMID: 34207223 PMCID: PMC8234689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a chronic multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface caused by tear film dysfunction. Symptoms include dryness, irritation, discomfort and visual disturbance, and standard treatment includes the use of lubricants and topical steroids. Secondary inflammation plays a prominent role in the development and propagation of this debilitating condition. To address this we have investigated the pilot scale development of an innovative drug delivery system using a dexamethasone-encapsulated cholesterol-Labrafac™ lipophile nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based ophthalmic formulation, which could be developed as an eye drop to treat DED and any associated acute exacerbations. After rapid screening of a range of laboratory scale pre-formulations, the chosen formulation was prepared at pilot scale with a particle size of 19.51 ± 0.5 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 99.6 ± 0.5%, a PDI of 0.08, and an extended stability of 6 months at 4 °C. This potential ophthalmic formulation was observed to have high tolerability and internalization capacity for human corneal epithelial cells, with similar behavior demonstrated on ex vivo porcine cornea studies, suggesting suitable distribution on the ocular surface. Further, ELISA was used to study the impact of the pilot scale formulation on a range of inflammatory biomarkers. The most successful dexamethasone-loaded NLC showed a 5-fold reduction of TNF-α production over dexamethasone solution alone, with comparable results for MMP-9 and IL-6. The ease of formulation, scalability, performance and biomarker assays suggest that this NLC formulation could be a viable option for the topical treatment of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Kumari
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Madhuri Dandamudi
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Sweta Rani
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Elke Behaeghel
- Pharmaceutical Department, UC Leuven-Limburg, Campus Gasthuisberg Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Gautam Behl
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
| | - David Kent
- The Vision Clinic, R95 XC98 Kilkenny, Ireland;
| | - Niall J. O’Reilly
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Orla O’Donovan
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Institute of Technology, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (S.K.); (M.D.); (S.R.); (G.B.); (N.J.O.); (O.O.); (P.M.)
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Synthesis, Characterization and Safety Evaluation of Sericin-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Acyclovir. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030234. [PMID: 33800248 PMCID: PMC8000570 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional formulations of antiviral drug acyclovir have various limitations such as low bioavailability. The current study was aimed at developing polymeric matrices for the controlled delivery of acyclovir using sericin as polymer and acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer. The free radical polymerization technique was used for hydrogel formulation. Briefly, sericin was chemically cross-linked with acrylic acid. N′-N′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulfate (APS) were used as cross-linker and initiator, respectively. FTIR spectra showed that acyclovir was successfully loaded into sericin hydrogel. SEM micrographs revealed that the outer surface was solid-like and smooth. According to DSC thermograms, the developed polymeric network was thermally stable. Amorphous nature of acyclovir was observed in XRD. The pH of medium and reactants’ concentration affected swelling dynamics and acyclovir release pattern. In addition, drug release occurred through a diffusion-controlled process. Sericin hydrogel suspension was well tolerable up to 3800 mg/kg of rabbits’ body weight. Haematology and serum chemistry results were well within the range signifying normal liver and kidney functions. Similarly, histopathology slides of the rabbit’s vital organs were also in normal condition without causing any histopathological change. It was concluded from the findings that sericin-co-AA polymeric matrices are ideal for the pH-dependent delivery of acyclovir.
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