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Janská T, Sakmár M, Štíbr M, Vlk M, Kozempel J. Recent Advances in Metal Oxide and Phosphate Nanomaterials Radiolabeling with Medicinal Nuclides. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:39297-39306. [PMID: 39346817 PMCID: PMC11425600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of nanomaterials in biomedical applications has surged in recent years; yet, the transition from research to practical implementation remains a great challenge. However, a promising area of research has emerged with the integration of nanomaterials with diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides. In this Review, we elucidate the motivations behind selecting metal oxide- and phosphate-based nanomaterials in conjunction with these radionuclides, while addressing its issues and limitations. Various metal oxide- and phosphate-based nanoparticles, exhibiting low toxicity and high tolerability, have been proposed for diverse biomedical applications, ranging from bone substitutes to drug delivery systems and controlled release vectors for pharmaceuticals, including radionuclides for nuclear medicine imaging and therapy. Moreover, the potential synergistic effects of multimodal combinational therapies, integrating chemotherapeutics, immunomodulators, or hyperthermia, underscore the versatility of these nanoconstructs. Our comprehensive exploration includes the underlying principles of radiolabeling strategies, the pivotal attributes of nanomaterial platforms, and their applications. Through this perspective, we present the potential of nanotechnology-enabled nuclear medicine. Furthermore, we discuss the potential systemic and local applications of these nanoconstructs, considering their in vitro and in vivo characteristics, as well as their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Janská
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sakmár
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Štíbr
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Kozempel
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
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Reilly RM, Georgiou CJ, Brown MK, Cai Z. Radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment: a scientific journey and view of the landscape. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38703297 PMCID: PMC11069497 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation nanomedicines are nanoparticles labeled with radionuclides that emit α- or β-particles or Auger electrons for cancer treatment. We describe here our 15 years scientific journey studying locally-administered radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We further present a view of the radiation nanomedicine landscape by reviewing research reported by other groups. MAIN BODY Gold nanoparticles were studied initially for radiosensitization of breast cancer to X-radiation therapy. These nanoparticles were labeled with 111In to assess their biodistribution after intratumoural vs. intravenous injection. Intravenous injection was limited by high liver and spleen uptake and low tumour uptake, while intratumoural injection provided high tumour uptake but low normal tissue uptake. Further, [111In]In-labeled gold nanoparticles modified with trastuzumab and injected iintratumourally exhibited strong tumour growth inhibition in mice with subcutaneous HER2-positive human breast cancer xenografts. In subsequent studies, strong tumour growth inhibition in mice was achieved without normal tissue toxicity in mice with human breast cancer xenografts injected intratumourally with gold nanoparticles labeled with β-particle emitting 177Lu and modified with panitumumab or trastuzumab to specifically bind EGFR or HER2, respectively. A nanoparticle depot (nanodepot) was designed to incorporate and deliver radiolabeled gold nanoparticles to tumours using brachytherapy needle insertion techniques. Treatment of mice with s.c. 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma tumours with a nanodepot incorporating [90Y]Y-labeled gold nanoparticles inserted into one tumour arrested tumour growth and caused an abscopal growth-inhibitory effect on a distant second tumour. Convection-enhanced delivery of [177Lu]Lu-AuNPs to orthotopic human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumours in mice arrested tumour growth without normal tissue toxicity. Other groups have explored radiation nanomedicines for cancer treatment in preclinical animal tumour xenograft models using gold nanoparticles, liposomes, block copolymer micelles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, cellulose nanocrystals or iron oxide nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were labeled with radionuclides emitting Auger electrons (111In, 99mTc, 125I, 103Pd, 193mPt, 195mPt), β-particles (177Lu, 186Re, 188Re, 90Y, 198Au, 131I) or α-particles (225Ac, 213Bi, 212Pb, 211At, 223Ra). These studies employed intravenous or intratumoural injection or convection enhanced delivery. Local administration of these radiation nanomedicines was most effective and minimized normal tissue toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Radiation nanomedicines have shown great promise for treating cancer in preclinical studies. Local intratumoural administration avoids sequestration by the liver and spleen and is most effective for treating tumours, while minimizing normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | | | - Madeline K Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Trencsényi G, Csikos C, Képes Z. Targeted Radium Alpha Therapy in the Era of Nanomedicine: In Vivo Results. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:664. [PMID: 38203834 PMCID: PMC10779852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha-particle therapy using radionuclides with alpha emission is a rapidly developing area in modern cancer treatment. To selectively deliver alpha-emitting isotopes to tumors, targeting vectors, including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecule inhibitors, or other biomolecules, are attached to them, which ensures specific binding to tumor-related antigens and cell surface receptors. Although earlier studies have already demonstrated the anti-tumor potential of alpha-emitting radium (Ra) isotopes-Radium-223 and Radium-224 (223/224Ra)-in the treatment of skeletal metastases, their inability to complex with target-specific moieties hindered application beyond bone targeting. To exploit the therapeutic gains of Ra across a wider spectrum of cancers, nanoparticles have recently been embraced as carriers to ensure the linkage of 223/224Ra to target-affine vectors. Exemplified by prior findings, Ra was successfully bound to several nano/microparticles, including lanthanum phosphate, nanozeolites, barium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, gypsum, celestine, or liposomes. Despite the lengthened tumor retention and the related improvement in the radiotherapeutic effect of 223/224Ra coupled to nanoparticles, the in vivo assessment of the radiolabeled nanoprobes is a prerequisite prior to clinical usage. For this purpose, experimental xenotransplant models of different cancers provide a well-suited scenario. Herein, we summarize the latest achievements with 223/224Ra-doped nanoparticles and related advances in targeted alpha radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Csaba Csikos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
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Gharibkandi NA, Wawrowicz K, Majkowska-Pilip A, Żelechowska-Matysiak K, Wierzbicki M, Bilewicz A. Au@ 109Pd core-shell nanoparticle conjugated to trastuzumab for the therapy of HER2+ cancers: studies on the applicability of 109Pd/ 109mAg in vivo generator in combined β - auger electron therapy. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:26. [PMID: 37821747 PMCID: PMC10567614 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In radionuclide therapy, to enhance therapeutic efficacy, an intriguing alternative is to ensure the simultaneous implementation of low- and high-LET radiation emitted from a one radionuclide. In the present study, we introduce the concept of utilizing 109Pd (T1/2 = 13.7 h) in the form of a 109Pd/109mAg in vivo generator. In this system, 109Pd emits beta particles of medium energy, while 109mAg releases a cascade of conversion and Auger electrons. 109Pd was utilized in the form of 15 nm gold nanoparticles, which were coated with a monolayer of 109Pd. In this system, the 109Pd atoms are on the surface of the nanoparticle, while the 109mAg atoms generated in the decay reaction possess the capability for unhindered emission of Auger electrons. RESULTS 109Pd, obtained through neutron irradiation of natural palladium, was deposited onto 15-nm gold nanoparticles, exceeding a efficiency rate of 95%. In contrast to previously published data on in vivo generators based on chelators, where the daughter radionuclide diffuses away from the molecules, daughter radionuclide 109mAg remains on the surface of gold nanoparticles after the decay of 109Pd. To obtain a radiobioconjugate with an affinity for HER2 receptors, polyethylene glycol chains and the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab were attached to the Au@Pd nanoparticles. The synthesized bioconjugate contained an average of 9.5 trastuzumab molecules per one nanoparticle. In vitro cell studies indicated specific binding of the Au@109Pd-PEG-trastuzumab radiobioconjugate to the HER2 receptor on SKOV-3 cells, resulting in 90% internalization. Confocal images illustrated the accumulation of Au@109Pd-PEG-trastuzumab in the perinuclear area surrounding the cell nucleus. Despite the lack of nuclear localization, which is necessary to achieve an effective cytotoxic effect of Auger electrons, a substantial cytotoxic effect, significantly greater than that of pure β- and pure Auger electron emitters was observed. We hypothesize that in the studied system, the cytotoxic effect of the Auger electrons could have also occurred through the damage to the cell's nuclear membrane by Auger electrons emitted from nanoparticles accumulated in the perinuclear area. CONCLUSION The obtained results show that trastuzumab-functionalized 109Pd-labeled nanoparticles can be suitable for the application in combined β--Auger electron targeted radionuclide therapy. Due to both components decay (β- and conversion/Auger electrons), the 109Pd/109mAg in vivo generator presents unique potential in this field. Despite the lack of nuclear localization, which is highly required for efficient Auger electron therapy, an adequate cytotoxic effect was attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Abbasi Gharibkandi
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Wawrowicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 40 St., 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 St., Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| | - Kinga Żelechowska-Matysiak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8 St., 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
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Bentivoglio V, Nayak P, Varani M, Lauri C, Signore A. Methods for Radiolabeling Nanoparticles (Part 3): Therapeutic Use. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1241. [PMID: 37627307 PMCID: PMC10452659 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Following previously published systematic reviews on the diagnostic use of nanoparticles (NPs), in this manuscript, we report published methods for radiolabeling nanoparticles with therapeutic alpha-emitting, beta-emitting, or Auger's electron-emitting isotopes. After analyzing 234 papers, we found that different methods were used with the same isotope and the same type of nanoparticle. The most common type of nanoparticles used are the PLGA and PAMAM nanoparticles, and the most commonly used therapeutic isotope is 177Lu. Regarding labeling methods, the direct encapsulation of the isotope resulted in the most reliable and reproducible technique. Radiolabeled nanoparticles show promising results in metastatic breast and lung cancer, although this field of research needs more clinical studies, mainly on the comparison of nanoparticles with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (P.N.); (M.V.); (C.L.)
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198Au-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Dual Magnetic Hyperthermia and Radionuclide Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065282. [PMID: 36982357 PMCID: PMC10049102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to synthesize a radiopharmaceutical designed for multimodal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment involving radionuclide therapy and magnetic hyperthermia. To achieve this goal, the superparamagnetic iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles (SPIONs) were covered with a layer of radioactive gold (198Au) creating core–shell nanoparticles (SPION@Au). The synthesized SPION@Au nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 50 emu/g, which is lower than reported for uncoated SPIONs (83 emu/g). Nevertheless, the SPION@Au core–shell nanoparticles showed a sufficiently high saturation magnetization value which allows them to reach a temperature of 43 °C at a magnetic field frequency of 386 kHz. The cytotoxic effect of nonradioactive and radioactive SPION@Au–polyethylene glycol (PEG) bioconjugates was carried out by treating HepG2 cells with various concentrations (1.25–100.00 µg/mL) of the compound and radioactivity in range of 1.25–20 MBq/mL. The moderate cytotoxic effect of nonradioactive SPION@Au-PEG bioconjugates on HepG2 was observed. The cytotoxic effect associated with the β− radiation emitted by 198Au was much greater and already reaches a cell survival fraction below 8% for 2.5 MBq/mL of radioactivity after 72 h. Thus, the killing of HepG2 cells in HCC therapy should be possible due to the combination of the heat-generating properties of the SPION-198Au–PEG conjugates and the radiotoxicity of the radiation emitted by 198Au.
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Żelechowska-Matysiak K, Wawrowicz K, Wierzbicki M, Budlewski T, Bilewicz A, Majkowska-Pilip A. Doxorubicin- and Trastuzumab-Modified Gold Nanoparticles as Potential Multimodal Agents for Targeted Therapy of HER2+ Cancers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062451. [PMID: 36985421 PMCID: PMC10058186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, targeted nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention in cancer treatment due to their high potential as carriers for drug delivery. In this article, we present a novel bioconjugate (DOX–AuNPs–Tmab) consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 30 nm) attached to chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) and a monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab (Tmab), which exhibited specific binding to HER2 receptors. The size and shape of synthesized AuNPs, as well as their surface modification, were analyzed by the TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and DLS (dynamic light scattering) methods. Biological studies were performed on the SKOV-3 cell line (HER2+) and showed high specificity of binding to the receptors and internalization capabilities, whereas MDA-MB-231 cells (HER2−) did not. Cytotoxicity experiments revealed a decrease in the metabolic activity of cancer cells and surface area reduction of spheroids treated with DOX–AuNPs–Tmab. The bioconjugate induced mainly cell cycle G2/M-phase arrest and late apoptosis. Our results suggest that DOX–AuNPs–Tmab has great potential for targeted therapy of HER2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Żelechowska-Matysiak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Wawrowicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Budlewski
- Isotope Therapy Department, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
- Isotope Therapy Department, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Ünak P, Yasakçı V, Tutun E, Karatay KB, Walczak R, Wawrowicz K, Żelechowska-Matysiak K, Majkowska-Pilip A, Bilewicz A. Multimodal Radiobioconjugates of Magnetic Nanoparticles Labeled with 44Sc and 47Sc for Theranostic Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030850. [PMID: 36986710 PMCID: PMC10053001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to synthesize multimodal radiopharmaceutical designed for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. To achieve this goal, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were used as a platform for targeting molecule (PSMA-617) and for complexation of two scandium radionuclides, 44Sc for PET imaging and 47Sc for radionuclide therapy. TEM and XPS images showed that the Fe3O4 NPs have a uniform cubic shape and a size from 38 to 50 nm. The Fe3O4 core are surrounded by SiO2 and an organic layer. The saturation magnetization of the SPION core was 60 emu/g. However, coating the SPIONs with silica and polyglycerol reduces the magnetization significantly. The obtained bioconjugates were labeled with 44Sc and 47Sc, with a yield higher than 97%. The radiobioconjugate exhibited high affinity and cytotoxicity toward the human prostate cancer LNCaP (PSMA+) cell line, much higher than for PC-3 (PSMA-) cells. High cytotoxicity of the radiobioconjugate was confirmed by radiotoxicity studies on LNCaP 3D spheroids. In addition, the magnetic properties of the radiobioconjugate should allow for its use in guide drug delivery driven by magnetic field gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Ünak
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (P.Ü.); (A.B.)
| | - Volkan Yasakçı
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Elif Tutun
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - K. Buşra Karatay
- Department of Nuclear Applications, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Rafał Walczak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Wawrowicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Żelechowska-Matysiak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.Ü.); (A.B.)
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Kozempel J, Sakmár M, Janská T, Vlk M. Study of 213Bi and 211Pb Recoils Release from 223Ra Labelled TiO 2 Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:343. [PMID: 36614682 PMCID: PMC9821810 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of various materials were proposed as carriers of nuclides in targeted alpha particle therapy to at least partially eliminate the nuclear recoil effect causing the unwanted release of radioactive progeny originating in nuclear decay series of so-called in vivo generators. Here, we report on the study of 211Pb and 211Bi recoils release from the 223Ra surface-labelled TiO2 nanoparticles in the concentration range of 0.01-1 mg/mL using two phase separation methods different in their kinetics in order to test the ability of progeny resorption. We have found significant differences between the centrifugation and the dialysis used for labelled NPs separation as well as that the release of 211Pb and 211Bi from the nanoparticles also depends on the NPs dispersion concentration. These findings support our previously proposed recoils-retaining mechanism of the progeny by their resorption on the NPs surface. At the 24 h time-point, the highest overall released progeny fractions were observed using centrifugation (4.0% and 13.5% for 211Pb and 211Bi, respectively) at 0.01 mg/mL TiO2 concentration. The lowest overall released fractions at the 24 h time-point (1.5% and 2.5% for 211Pb and 211Bi respectively) were observed using dialysis at 1 mg/mL TiO2 concentration. Our findings also indicate that the in vitro stability tests of such radionuclide systems designed to retain recoil-progeny may end up with biased results and particular care needs to be given to in vitro stability test experimental setup to mimic in vivo dynamic conditions. On the other hand, controlled and well-defined progeny release may enhance the alpha-emitter radiation therapy of some tumours.
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Wawrowicz K, Majkowska-Pilip A, Szwed M, Żelechowska-Matysiak K, Chajduk E, Bilewicz A. Oxidative Status as an Attribute for Selective Antitumor Activity of Platinum-Containing Nanoparticles against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314773. [PMID: 36499101 PMCID: PMC9736793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the limitations for efficient and selective drug delivery is one of the most challenging obstacles for newly designed anticancer agents. In this study, we present two types of platinum-based nanoparticles (NP), ultrasmall 2 nm PtNPs and core-shell 30 nm Au@Pt, which can be highly cytotoxic in an oxidative environment and remain biologically inactive in cells with lower oxidative status. Our research highlighted the differences in platinum nanoparticle-induced chemotoxicity and is the first study examining its mechanism as a substantial aspect of Au@Pt/PtNPs biological activity. Selectively induced oxidative stress was found to be a primary trigger of NPs' toxicity. Significant differences between Au@Pt and PtNPs were observed especially during 24 h treatment, due to successful intranuclear PtNPs location (~13% of internalized fraction). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-level induced from both NPs types were similar, while reduction of reduced glutathione (GSH) intracellular content was stronger after treatment with PtNPs. Any biological activity was found in HER2+ breast cancer cells, which have only slightly increased oxidative status. Platinum-containing nanoparticles are an interesting tool for the improvement of selectivity in anticancer therapies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to intranuclear uptake, 2 nm PtNPs seems to be more promising for further research for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wawrowicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Szwed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Żelechowska-Matysiak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Chajduk
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 St., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Multifunctional Nanoparticles Based on Iron Oxide and Gold-198 Designed for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Radionuclide Therapy as a Potential Tool for Combined HER2-Positive Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081680. [PMID: 36015306 PMCID: PMC9415738 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are commonly used in many medical applications as they can be easily modified, have a high surface-to-volume ratio, and are biocompatible and biodegradable. This study was performed to synthesize nanoparticles designed for multimodal HER2-positive cancer treatment involving radionuclide therapy and magnetic hyperthermia. The magnetic core (Fe3O4) was coated with a gold-198 layer creating so-called core-shell nanoparticles. These were then further modified with a bifunctional PEG linker and monoclonal antibody to achieve the targeted therapy. Monoclonal antibody—trastuzumab was used to target specific breast and nipple HER2-positive cancer cells. The nanoparticles measured by transmission electron microscopy were as small as 9 nm. The bioconjugation of trastuzumab was confirmed by two separate methods: thermogravimetric analysis and iodine-131 labeling. Synthesized nanoparticles showed that they are good heat mediators in an alternating magnetic field and exhibit great specific binding and internalization capabilities towards the SKOV-3 (HER2 positive) cancer cell line. Radioactive nanoparticles also exhibit capabilities regarding spheroid degradation without and with the application of magnetic hyperthermia with a greater impact in the case of the latter. Designed radiobioconjugate shows great promise and has great potential for in vivo studies regarding magnetic hyperthermia and radionuclide combined therapy.
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Salvanou EA, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Liolios C, Xanthopoulos S, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Tsoukalas C, Avgoustakis K, Bouziotis P. Preliminary Evaluation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Radiolabeled with 68Ga and 177Lu as Potential Theranostic Agents. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142490. [PMID: 35889715 PMCID: PMC9321329 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Theranostic radioisotope pairs such as Gallium-68 (68Ga) for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Lutetium-177 (177Lu) for radioisotopic therapy, in conjunction with nanoparticles (NPs), are an emerging field in the treatment of cancer. The present work aims to demonstrate the ability of condensed colloidal nanocrystal clusters (co-CNCs) comprised of iron oxide nanoparticles, coated with alginic acid (MA) and stabilized by a layer of polyethylene glycol (MAPEG) to be directly radiolabeled with 68Ga and its therapeutic analog 177Lu. 68Ga/177Lu- MA and MAPEG were investigated for their in vitro stability. The biocompatibility of the non-radiolabeled nanoparticles, as well as the cytotoxicity of MA, MAPEG, and [177Lu]Lu-MAPEG were assessed on 4T1 cells. Finally, the ex vivo biodistribution of the 68Ga-labeled NPs as well as [177Lu]Lu-MAPEG was investigated in normal mice. Radiolabeling with both radioisotopes took place via a simple and direct labelling method without further purification. Hemocompatibility was verified for both NPs, while MTT studies demonstrated the non-cytotoxic profile of the nanocarriers and the dose-dependent toxicity for [177Lu]Lu-MAPEG. The radiolabeled nanoparticles mainly accumulated in RES organs. Based on our preliminary results, we conclude that MAPEG could be further investigated as a theranostic agent for PET diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia-Alexandra Salvanou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Argiris Kolokithas-Ntoukas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Christos Liolios
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Xanthopoulos
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria Paravatou-Petsotas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Charalampos Tsoukalas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Avgoustakis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.-N.); (K.A.)
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (E.-A.S.); (C.L.); (S.X.); (M.P.-P.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106503687
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13
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Theranostic Radiolabeled Nanomaterials for Molecular Imaging and potential Immunomodulation Effects. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Pijeira MSO, Viltres H, Kozempel J, Sakmár M, Vlk M, İlem-Özdemir D, Ekinci M, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR, Ricci-Junior E, Alencar LMR, Al Qahtani M, Santos-Oliveira R. Radiolabeled nanomaterials for biomedical applications: radiopharmacy in the era of nanotechnology. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:8. [PMID: 35467307 PMCID: PMC9038981 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in nanotechnology have offered new hope for cancer detection, prevention, and treatment. Nanomedicine, a term for the application of nanotechnology in medical and health fields, uses nanoparticles for several applications such as imaging, diagnostic, targeted cancer therapy, drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, and theranostics. RESULTS Here, we overview the current state-of-the-art of radiolabeled nanoparticles for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Nanostructured radiopharmaceuticals of technetium-99m, copper-64, lutetium-177, and radium-223 are discussed within the scope of this review article. CONCLUSION Nanoradiopharmaceuticals may lead to better development of theranostics inspired by ingenious delivery and imaging systems. Cancer nano-theranostics have the potential to lead the way to more specific and individualized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sahylí Ortega Pijeira
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rua Helio de Almeida, 75, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941906, Brazil
| | - Herlys Viltres
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jan Kozempel
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sakmár
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Derya İlem-Özdemir
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meliha Ekinci
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35040, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21940000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Rebelo Alencar
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Nanosystems, Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, Campus Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Mohammed Al Qahtani
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmaceuticals and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rua Helio de Almeida, 75, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941906, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 23070200, Brazil.
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15
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Baba K, Nagata K, Yajima T, Yoshimura T. Synthesis, Structures, and Equilibrium Reactions of La(III) and Ba(II) Complexes with Pyridine Phosphonate Pendant Arms on a Diaza-18-crown-6 Ether. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Baba
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043
| | - Kojiro Nagata
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871
| | - Tatsuo Yajima
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, Suita 564-8680
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Radioisotope Research Center, Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871
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16
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Tolmachev VM, Chernov VI, Deyev SM. Targeted nuclear medicine. Seek and destroy. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Żuk M, Gawęda W, Majkowska-Pilip A, Osial M, Wolski M, Bilewicz A, Krysiński P. Hybrid Radiobioconjugated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Based Nanoparticles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1843. [PMID: 34834258 PMCID: PMC8619896 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely used for biomedical applications for their outstanding properties such as facile functionalization and doping with different metals, high surface-to-volume ratio, superparamagnetism, and biocompatibility. This study was designed to synthesize and investigate multifunctional nanoparticle conjugate to act as both a magnetic agent, anticancer immunological drug, and radiopharmaceutic for anticancer therapy. The carrier, 166Ho doped iron oxide, was coated with an Au layer, creating core-shell nanoparticles ([166Ho] Fe3O4@Au. These nanoparticles were subsequently modified with monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Tmab) to target HER2+ receptors. We describe the radiobioconjugate preparation involving doping of a radioactive agent and attachment of the organic linker and drug to the SPIONs' surface. The size of the SPIONs coated with an Au shell measured by transmission electron microscopy was about 15 nm. The bioconjugation of trastuzumab onto SPIONs was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, and the amount of two molecules per one nanoparticle was estimated with the use of radioiodinated [131I]Tmab. The synthesized bioconjugates showed that they are efficient heat mediators and also exhibit a cytotoxic effect toward SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells expressing HER2 receptors. Prepared radiobioconjugates reveal the high potential for in vivo application of the proposed multimodal hybrid system, combined with magnetic hyperthermia and immunotherapy against cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Żuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.O.)
| | - Weronika Gawęda
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Osial
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.O.)
| | - Marcin Wolski
- Centre for Radiotherapy Amethyst, Lubańska 11-12, 59-900 Zgorzelec, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (W.G.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Paweł Krysiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ż.); (M.O.)
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19
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Kush P, Kumar P, Singh R, Kaushik A. Aspects of high-performance and bio-acceptable magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical application. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:704-737. [PMID: 35027950 PMCID: PMC8737424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers extensively the synthesis & surface modification, characterization, and application of magnetic nanoparticles. For biomedical applications, consideration should be given to factors such as design strategies, the synthesis process, coating, and surface passivation. The synthesis method regulates post-synthetic change and specific applications in vitro and in vivo imaging/diagnosis and pharmacotherapy/administration. Special insights have been provided on biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity in a living system, which is imperative for their wider application in biology. These nanoparticles can be decorated with multiple contrast agents and thus can also be used as a probe for multi-mode imaging or double/triple imaging, for example, MRI-CT, MRI-PET. Similarly loading with different drug molecules/dye/fluorescent molecules and integration with other carriers have found application not only in locating these particles in vivo but simultaneously target drug delivery/hyperthermia inside the body. Studies are underway to collect the potential of these magnetically driven nanoparticles in various scientific fields such as particle interaction, heat conduction, imaging, and magnetism. Surely, this comprehensive data will help in the further development of advanced techniques for theranostics based on high-performance magnetic nanoparticles and will lead this research area in a new sustainable direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kush
- School of Pharmacy, Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University Gangoh, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Nanotechnology Division (H-1), CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University Gangoh, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, United States
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20
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Kleynhans J, Sathekge M, Ebenhan T. Obstacles and Recommendations for Clinical Translation of Nanoparticle System-Based Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4784. [PMID: 34500873 PMCID: PMC8432563 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rationale for application of nanotechnology in targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is sound. However, the translational strategy requires attention. Formulation of TAT in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems has the potential to resolve many of the issues currently experienced. As α-particle emitters are more cytotoxic compared to beta-minus-emitting agents, the results of poor biodistribution are more dangerous. Formulation in nanotechnology is also suggested to be the ideal solution for containing the recoil daughters emitted by actinium-225, radium-223, and thorium-227. Nanoparticle-based TAT is likely to increase stability, enhance radiation dosimetry profiles, and increase therapeutic efficacy. Unfortunately, nanoparticles have their own unique barriers towards clinical translation. A major obstacle is accumulation in critical organs such as the spleen, liver, and lungs. Furthermore, inflammation, necrosis, reactive oxidative species, and apoptosis are key mechanisms through which nanoparticle-mediated toxicity takes place. It is important at this stage of the technology's readiness level that focus is shifted to clinical translation. The relative scarcity of α-particle emitters also contributes to slow-moving research in the field of TAT nanotechnology. This review describes approaches and solutions which may overcome obstacles impeding nanoparticle-based TAT and enhance clinical translation. In addition, an in-depth discussion of relevant issues and a view on technical and regulatory barriers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janke Kleynhans
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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21
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Wawrowicz K, Majkowska-Pilip A, Gaweł D, Chajduk E, Pieńkowski T, Bilewicz A. Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticle Bioconjugates for the Therapy of HER2+ Breast Cancer and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Model Studies on the Applicability of 193mPt and 195mPt Radionuclides in Auger Electron Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072051. [PMID: 33916671 PMCID: PMC8038409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
193mPt and 195mPt radionuclides are therapeutically attractive Auger electron emitters with notably high Auger electron yield per decay. The present paper summarizes the first step of research on the applications of core-shell (Au@Pt) nanoparticles for electron Auger therapy of HER2+ (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gold nanoparticles (30 nm) were synthesized covered with a platinum shell at high efficiency (>80%) and were further evaluated for in vitro studies such as binding affinity, internalization and cytotoxicity. To find the mechanism(s) responsible for platinum cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, the platinum concentration in isolated cell nuclei and cytoplasm was determined using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). Lack of platinum in cell nuclei suggests that the cytotoxic effect is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Studies carried out on the SKOV-3 cell line with the use of a synthesized targeting bioconjugate (Au@Pt-PEG-trastuzumab) revealed a high affinity of this preparation to HER2+ cells, its internalization, its placement in the perinuclear area and partial intranuclear location. The specific binding for HER2 negative cells, MDA-MB-231, was negligible and Au@Pt-PEG-trastuzumab did not enter these cells. The results obtained are promising and warrant future investigation of Auger electron therapy using 193mPt and 195mPt based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wawrowicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (K.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (K.W.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-504-1011
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Chajduk
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Pieńkowski
- Department of Oncology and Breast Diseases, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16 Str., 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (K.W.); (A.B.)
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22
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Abou DS, Thiele NA, Gutsche NT, Villmer A, Zhang H, Woods JJ, Baidoo KE, Escorcia FE, Wilson JJ, Thorek DLJ. Towards the stable chelation of radium for biomedical applications with an 18-membered macrocyclic ligand. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3733-3742. [PMID: 34163647 PMCID: PMC8179459 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy is an emerging strategy for the treatment of disseminated cancer. [223Ra]RaCl2 is the only clinically approved alpha particle-emitting drug, and it is used to treat castrate-resistant prostate cancer bone metastases, to which [223Ra]Ra2+ localizes. To specifically direct [223Ra]Ra2+ to non-osseous disease sites, chelation and conjugation to a cancer-targeting moiety is necessary. Although previous efforts to stably chelate [223Ra]Ra2+ for this purpose have had limited success, here we report a biologically stable radiocomplex with the 18-membered macrocyclic chelator macropa. Quantitative labeling of macropa with [223Ra]Ra2+ was accomplished within 5 min at room temperature with a radiolabeling efficiency of >95%, representing a significant advancement over conventional chelators such as DOTA and EDTA, which were unable to completely complex [223Ra]Ra2+ under these conditions. [223Ra][Ra(macropa)] was highly stable in human serum and exhibited dramatically reduced bone and spleen uptake in mice in comparison to bone-targeted [223Ra]RaCl2, signifying that [223Ra][Ra(macropa)] remains intact in vivo. Upon conjugation of macropa to a single amino acid β-alanine as well as to the prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeting peptide DUPA, both constructs retained high affinity for 223Ra, complexing >95% of Ra2+ in solution. Furthermore, [223Ra][Ra(macropa-β-alanine)] was rapidly cleared from mice and showed low 223Ra bone absorption, indicating that this conjugate is stable under biological conditions. Unexpectedly, this stability was lost upon conjugation of macropa to DUPA, which suggests a role of targeting vectors in complex stability in vivo for this system. Nonetheless, our successful demonstration of efficient radiolabeling of the β-alanine conjugate with 223Ra and its subsequent stability in vivo establishes for the first time the possibility of delivering [223Ra]Ra2+ to metastases outside of the bone using functionalized chelators, marking a significant expansion of the therapeutic utility of this radiometal in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Abou
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Radiology Cyclotron Facility, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Nikki A Thiele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Nicholas T Gutsche
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Alexandria Villmer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
- Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Kwamena E Baidoo
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Freddy E Escorcia
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Daniel L J Thorek
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Program in Quantitative Molecular Therapeutics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Oncologic Imaging Program, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
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23
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Grieve ML, Paterson BM. The Evolving Coordination Chemistry of Radiometals for Targeted Alpha Therapy. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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