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Paramasivam G, Palem VV, Meenakshy S, Suresh LK, Gangopadhyay M, Antherjanam S, Sundramoorthy AK. Advances on carbon nanomaterials and their applications in medical diagnosis and drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114032. [PMID: 38905812 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are indispensable due to their unique properties of high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and thermal stability, which makes them important nanomaterials in biomedical applications and waste management. Limitations of conventional nanomaterials, such as limited surface area, difficulty in fine tuning electrical or thermal properties and poor dispersibility, calls for the development of advanced nanomaterials to overcome such limitations. Commonly, carbon nanomaterials were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation or arc discharge methods. The advancement in these techniques yielded monodispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and allows p-type and n-type doping to enhance its electrical and catalytic activities. The functionalized CNTs showed exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity (3500-5000 W/mK) properties. On the other hand, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) exhibit strong photoluminescence properties with high quantum yield. Carbon nanohorns are another fascinating type of nanomaterial that exhibit a unique structure with high surface area and excellent adsorption properties. These carbon nanomaterials could improve waste management by adsorbing pollutants from water and soil, enabling precise environmental monitoring, while enhancing wastewater treatment and drug delivery systems. Herein, we have discussed the potentials of all these carbon nanomaterials in the context of innovative waste management solutions, fostering cleaner environments and healthier ecosystems for diverse biomedical applications such as biosensing, drug delivery, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641022 India
| | - Simi Meenakshy
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Lakshmi Krishnaa Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Santhy Antherjanam
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India.
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Silli EK, Zheng Z, Zhou X, Li M, Tang J, Guo R, Tan C, Wang Y. Design optimization of Fucoidan-coating Cationic Liposomes for enhance Gemcitabine delivery. Invest New Drugs 2024:10.1007/s10637-024-01455-x. [PMID: 39154300 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Obstacles facing chemotherapeutic drugs for cancers led scientists to load Gemcitabine (GEM) into nanocarriers like liposomes, known for their nontoxicity profile and targeting capacity. The liposomal nanostructures containing GEM were coated with Fucoidan (FU) due to its anti-tumor properties by targeting cancer cells. Thus four different cationic liposomes formulations were prepared by thin-film hydration method in optimal conditions: DOTAP (formulation A); DPPC/DOTAP (4:1 molar ratio, formulation B), DPPC/DMPC/DOTAP (4:1:1 molar ratio, formulation C) and DPPC/DMPC/DOTAP/DSPE-mPEG2000 (4:1:1:0.1 molar ratio, formulation D). They were studied to identify lipid-compositions offering effective GEM-entrapment and successful coating of FU on the liposome surface. Additional qualitative characteristics, such as particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, stability and in vitro drug release were then evaluated. Formulation C gave the best GEM-entrapment efficiency (EE) but formed aggregates when coated with FU, giving non-homogenous large size particles then not suitable for effective delivery. It was the same situation with formulation A and B. Only the formulation D showed a good GEM-EE (> 80%) and affinity by successful coating FU from three different algae species. The PEGylated formulation D coated of FU, with regard to storage stability and drug release studies, revealed to be a promising approach on design of optimal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epiphane K Silli
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | | | - Xintao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jiali Tang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Ruizhe Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chunlu Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery and General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Karahmet Sher E, Alebić M, Marković Boras M, Boškailo E, Karahmet Farhat E, Karahmet A, Pavlović B, Sher F, Lekić L. Nanotechnology in medicine revolutionizing drug delivery for cancer and viral infection treatments. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124345. [PMID: 38885775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in nanotechnology were vastly applied in medicine and pharmacy, especially in the field of nano-delivery systems. It took a long time for these systems to ensure precise delivery of very delicate molecules, such as RNA, to cells at concentrations that yield remarkable efficiency, with success rates reaching 95.0% and 94.5%. These days, there are several advantages of using nanotechnological solutions in the prevention and treatment of cancer and viral infections. Its interventions improve treatment outcomes both due to increased effectiveness of the drug at target location and by reducing adverse reactions, thereby increasing patient adherence to the therapy. Based on the current knowledge an updated review was made, and perspective, opportunities and challenges in nanomedicine were discussed. The methods employed include comprehensive examination of existing literature and studies on nanoparticles and nano-delivery systems including both in vitro tests performed on cell cultures and in vivo assessments carried out on appropriate animal models, with a specific emphasis on their applications in oncology and virology. This brings together various aspects including both structure and formation as well as its association with characteristic behaviour in organisms, providing a novel perspective. Furthermore, the practical application of these systems in medicine and pharmacy with a focus on viral diseases and malignancies was explored. This review can serve as a valuable guide for fellow researchers, helping them navigate the abundance of findings in this field. The results indicate that applications of nanotechnological solutions for the delivery of medicinal products improving therapeutic outcomes will continue to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Karahmet Sher
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Mirna Alebić
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marijana Marković Boras
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emina Boškailo
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Esma Karahmet Farhat
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Alma Karahmet
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bojan Pavlović
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of East Sarajevo, Lukavica, Republika Srpska 75327, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Farooq Sher
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Lana Lekić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Wu H, Li B, Shao J, Kong Q. Tumor-oriented and chemo-photothermal nanoplatform capable of sensitizing chemotherapy and ferroptosis against osteosarcoma metastasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132019. [PMID: 38729498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of chemotherapy for refractory osteosarcoma (OS) is limited due to its multiorgan toxicity. To overcome this challenge, new dosage forms and combination treatments, such as phototherapy, are being explored to improve targeted delivery and cytocompatibility of chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, inducing ferroptosis in iron-rich tumors could be a promising strategy to enhance OS therapy. In this study, a novel formulation was developed using natural biological H-ferritin (HFn) encapsulating the photosensitizer IR-780 and the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine (Gem) for OS-specific targeted therapy (HFn@Gem/IR-780 NPs). HFn@Gem/IR-780 NPs were designed to specifically bind and internalize into OS cells by interacting with transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) which is overexpressed on the surface of OS cell membranes. The Gem and IR-780 were then released responsively under mildly acidic conditions in tumors. HFn@Gem/IR-780 NPs achieved cascaded antitumor therapeutic efficacy through the combination of chemotherapy and phototherapy under near-infrared irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, HFn@Gem/IR-780 NPs demonstrated excellent safety profile with significantly decreased drug exposure to normal organs, indicating its potential for reducing systemic toxicity. Thus, utilizing HFn as a vehicle to encapsulate highly effective antitumor drugs provides a promising approach for the treatment of OS metastasis and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Orthopedics, Karamay Central Hospital of Xinjiang, Karamay 834000, China.
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Petrovic S, Bita B, Barbinta-Patrascu ME. Nanoformulations in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications: Green Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5842. [PMID: 38892030 PMCID: PMC11172476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides a brief discussion of the major nanopharmaceuticals formulations as well as the impact of nanotechnology on the future of pharmaceuticals. Effective and eco-friendly strategies of biofabrication are also highlighted. Modern approaches to designing pharmaceutical nanoformulations (e.g., 3D printing, Phyto-Nanotechnology, Biomimetics/Bioinspiration, etc.) are outlined. This paper discusses the need to use natural resources for the "green" design of new nanoformulations with therapeutic efficiency. Nanopharmaceuticals research is still in its early stages, and the preparation of nanomaterials must be carefully considered. Therefore, safety and long-term effects of pharmaceutical nanoformulations must not be overlooked. The testing of nanopharmaceuticals represents an essential point in their further applications. Vegetal scaffolds obtained by decellularizing plant leaves represent a valuable, bioinspired model for nanopharmaceutical testing that avoids using animals. Nanoformulations are critical in various fields, especially in pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, and material science, due to their unique properties and advantages over conventional formulations that allows improved solubility, bioavailability, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and reduced toxicity. Nanopharmaceuticals have transitioned from experimental stages to being a vital component of clinical practice, significantly improving outcomes in medical fields for cancer treatment, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, personalized medicine, and advanced diagnostics. Here are the key points highlighting their importance. The significant challenges, opportunities, and future directions are mentioned in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Petrovic
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia;
| | - Bogdan Bita
- Department of Electricity, Solid-State Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Marcela-Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu
- Department of Electricity, Solid-State Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
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Verma R, Rao L, Nagpal D, Yadav M, Kumar M, Mittal V, Kaushik D. Exploring the Prospective of Curcumin-loaded Nanomedicine in Brain Cancer Therapy: An Overview of Recent Updates and Patented Nanoformulations. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 18:278-294. [PMID: 37904561 DOI: 10.2174/1872210517666230823155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex, one of the fatal non-communicable diseases, and its treatment has enormous challenges, with variable efficacy of traditional anti-cancer agents. By 2025, it is expected that 420 million additional cases of cancer will be diagnosed yearly. However, among various types of cancer, brain cancer treatment is most difficult due to the presence of blood-brain barriers. Nowadays, phytoconstituents are gaining popularity because of their biosafety and low toxicity to healthy cells. This article reviews various aspects related to curcumin for brain cancer therapeutics, including epidemiology, the role of nanotechnology, and various challenges for development and clinical trials. Furthermore, it elaborates on the prospects of curcumin for brain cancer therapeutics. In this article, our objective is to illuminate the anti-cancer potential of curcumin for brain cancer therapy. Moreover, it also explores how to defeat its constraints of clinical application because of poor bioavailability, stability, and rapid metabolism. This review also emphasizes the possibility of curcumin for the cure of brain cancer using cuttingedge biotechnological methods based on nanomedicine. This review further highlights the recent patents on curcumin-loaded nanoformulations for brain cancer. Overall, this article provides an overview of curcumin's potential in brain cancer therapy by considering challenges to be overwhelmed and future prospective. Moreover, this review summarizes the reported literature on the latest research related to the utility of curcumin in brain cancer therapy and aims to provide a reference for advanced investigation on brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, 127021, India
| | - Lakshita Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, India
| | - Diksha Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manish Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, G.D. Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, 142024, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
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Lin Y, Li Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Sun J, Sun X, Li J, Jin J, Xue J, Zheng J, Jiang XC, Chen C, Li X, Wu Y, Zhao W, Liu J, Ye X, Zhang R, Gao J, Zhang D. Exosome-Based Regimen Rescues Endometrial Fibrosis in Intrauterine Adhesions Via Targeting Clinical Fibrosis Biomarkers. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:154-168. [PMID: 36893290 PMCID: PMC10021501 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), which is characterized by endometrial fibrosis, continue to be the most common cause of uterine infertility globally. Our work revealed that 3 fibrotic progression markers (Vimentin, COL5A2, and COL1A1) were significantly increased in the endometrium of IUA patients. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (EXOs) have been recently revealed as a cell-free therapy for fibrosis diseases. Nevertheless, the application of EXOs is restricted by the short residency duration in the target tissue. To overcome this limitation, herein, we reported an exosome-based regimen (EXOs-HP) that thermosensitive poloxamer hydrogel possessed the ability to efficiently promote the residency duration of EXOs in the uterine cavity. By downregulating fibrotic progression markers (Vimentin, COL5A2, and COL1A1), EXOs-HP could significantly restore the function and structure of the injured endometrium in the IUA model. Our work provides the theoretical and experimental foundation of EXOs-HP in treating IUA, highlighting the clinical potential of topical EXOs-HP delivery system in IUA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoshen Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiani Jin
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Chi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Dr Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Venkatas J, Daniels A, Singh M. The Potential of Curcumin-Capped Nanoparticle Synthesis in Cancer Therapy: A Green Synthesis Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3201. [PMID: 36144994 PMCID: PMC9502936 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanotherapeutics is an important field of research which utilizes nanomaterials as an approach to cancer therapy. Nano-mediated therapeutic delivery systems overcome the adverse side effects of traditional cancer treatment methods. Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered excellent tumor-targeting vehicles due to their compact and variable size, large surface area, ability to load several genes and drugs, and mediation of increased therapeutic payload uptake. Despite the rapid development of nanotechnology, there is growing concern regarding the possible long-term side effects of NPs on the environment and human health. Green chemistry using plant materials, such as curcumin, is a sustainable alternative to conventional reduction methods and confers dual reducing and capping properties. Curcumin is a bioactive compound isolated from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa plant, which exhibits various medicinal properties. Curcumin-capped NPs exhibit increased solubility, bioavailability, therapeutic indices, and antitumor properties. This review highlights the potential and antitumor properties of economical, simple, and eco-friendly curcumin-synthesized and capped NPs for the localized delivery of therapeutic genes and drugs to the cancer tumor microenvironment with fewer adverse side effects.
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Jagaran K, Singh M. Lipid Nanoparticles: Promising Treatment Approach for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169361. [PMID: 36012619 PMCID: PMC9408920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a life-altering, debilitating disease exhibiting a severe physical, psychological, and financial burden on patients. Globally, approximately 7–10 million people are afflicted with this disease, with the number of cases estimated to increase to 12.9 million by 2040. PD is a progressive movement disorder with nonmotor symptoms, including insomnia, depression, anxiety, and anosmia. While current therapeutics are available to PD patients, this treatment remains palliative, necessitating alternative treatment approaches. A major hurdle in treating PD is the protective nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and its ability to limit access to foreign molecules, including therapeutics. Drugs utilized presently are nonspecific and administered at dosages that result in numerous adverse side effects. Nanomedicine has emerged as a potential strategy for treating many diseases. From the array of nanomaterials available, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) possess various advantages, including enhanced permeability to the brain via passive diffusion and specific and nonspecific transporters. Their bioavailability, nontoxic nature, ability to be conjugated to drugs, and targeting moieties catapult LNPs as a promising therapeutic nanocarriers for PD. While PD-related studies are limited, their potential as therapeutics is evident in their formulations as vaccines. This review is aimed at examining the roles and properties of LNPs that make them efficient therapeutic nanodelivery vehicles for the treatment of PD, including therapeutic advances made to date.
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Fan Q, Zuo J, Tian H, Huang C, Nice EC, Shi Z, Kong Q. Nanoengineering a metal-organic framework for osteosarcoma chemo-immunotherapy by modulating indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:162. [PMID: 35501823 PMCID: PMC9063269 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The high postoperative recurrence rate and refractoriness of relapsed tumors are still a conundrum for the clinical management of osteosarcoma (OS). New therapeutic options are urgently needed. Depriving the nourishment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells is a novel strategy to improve the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced OS therapy. Methods We synthesized a hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified metal–organic framework for combinational chemotherapy and immunotherapy of OS. Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) was prepared by a one-pot synthetic method, Gemcitabine (Gem) and D-1-Methyltryptophan (D-1-MT) were loaded into the ZIF-8 during the synthesis process to make ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT nanoparticles (NPs). The end product (HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs) was obtained by HA modification on the surface of ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs. The obtained HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs have excellent potential as a drug delivery vector for chemotherapy and immunotherapy in vitro and vivo. Results The results indicate that HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs were readily taken up by OS cells, and that the Gem and D-1-MT were effectively released into the acidic environment. The HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs could efficiently decrease OS cell viability (proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion). And HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs could reactivate antitumor immunity by inhibiting indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, animal experiments confirmed that HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs could induce intratumoral immune responses and inhibit tumor growth. Additionally, HA/ZIF-8@Gem/D-1-MT NPs have a good safety profile. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the combination of Gem with D-1-MT brings new hope for the improved treatment of OS, while the generation of the nanosystem has increased the application potential and flexibility of this strategy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02372-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Fan
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of TibetanAutonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Medical College &, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of TibetanAutonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Tumor micro-environment targeted collagenase-modified albumin nanoparticles for improved drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Forest V, Pourchez J. Nano-delivery to the lung - by inhalation or other routes and why nano when micro is largely sufficient? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114173. [PMID: 35217112 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases gather a wide range of disorders which are generally difficult to treat, partly due to a poor delivery of drugs to the lung with adequate dose and minimum side effects. With the recent developments of nanotechnology, nano-delivery systems have raised interest. In this review, we detail the main types of nanocarriers that have been developed presenting their respective advantages and limitations. We also discuss the route of administration (systemic versus by inhalation), also considering technical aspects (different types of aerosol devices) with concrete examples of applications. Finally, we propose some perspectives of development in the field such as the nano-in-micro approaches, the emergence of drug vaping to generate airborne carriers in the submicron size range, the development of innovative respiratory models to assess regional aerosol deposition of nanoparticles or the application of nano-delivery to the lung in the treatment of other diseases.
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13
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Alonso-Estrada D, Ochoa-Viñals N, Pacios-Michelena S, Ramos-González R, Núñez-Caraballo A, Michelena Álvarez LG, Martínez-Hernández JL, Neira-Vielma AA, Ilyina A. No Solid Colloidal Carriers: Aspects Thermodynamic the Immobilization Chitinase and Laminarinase in Liposome. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:793340. [PMID: 35198549 PMCID: PMC8860326 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.793340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the basic properties of colloidal and vesicular vehicles that can be used for immobilization of enzymes. The thermodynamic aspects of the immobilization of enzymes (laminarinase and chitinase) in liposomes are discussed. These systems protect enzymes against environmental stress and allow for a controlled and targeted release. The diversity of colloidal and vesicular carriers allows the use of enzymes for different purposes, such as mycolytic enzymes used to control phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Alonso-Estrada
- Nanobioscience and Biological and Genomic Sciences Research Groups, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, México
| | - Nayra Ochoa-Viñals
- Nanobioscience and Biological and Genomic Sciences Research Groups, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, México
| | - Sandra Pacios-Michelena
- Nanobioscience and Biological and Genomic Sciences Research Groups, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, México
| | - Rodolfo Ramos-González
- CONACYT- Autonomous University of Coahuila, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, México
| | | | | | - José Luis Martínez-Hernández
- Nanobioscience and Biological and Genomic Sciences Research Groups, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, México
| | - Alberto Antonio Neira-Vielma
- Nanobioscience and Biological and Genomic Sciences Research Groups, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, México
| | - Anna Ilyina
- Nanobioscience and Biological and Genomic Sciences Research Groups, Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, México
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14
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Gundogdu E, Demir ES, Ekinci M, Ozgenc E, Ilem-Ozdemir D, Senyigit Z, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M. An Innovative Formulation Based on Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Imatinib Delivery: Pre-Formulation, Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020250. [PMID: 35055267 PMCID: PMC8778264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib (IMT) is a tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitor and extensively used for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). A nanostructured lipid carrier system (NLCS) containing IMT was developed by using emulsification-sonication methods. The characterization of the developed formulation was performed in terms of its particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, sterility, syringeability, stability, in vitro release kinetics with mathematical models, cellular uptake studies with flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity for CRL-1739 cells. The particle size, PDI, loading capacity and zeta potential of selected NLCS (F16-IMT) were found to be 96.63 ± 1.87 nm, 0.27 ± 0.15, 96.49 ± 1.46% and -32.7 ± 2.48 mV, respectively. F16-IMT was found to be stable, thermodynamic, sterile and syringeable through an 18 gauze needle. The formulation revealed a Korsmeyer-Peppas drug release model of 53% at 8 h, above 90% of cell viability, 23.61 µM of IC50 and induction of apoptosis in CRL-1739 cell lines. In the future, F16-IMT can be employed to treat GISTs. A small amount of IMT loaded into the NLCSs will be better than IMT alone for therapy for GISTs. Consequently, F16-IMT could prove to be useful for effective GIST treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Gundogdu
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Emine-Selin Demir
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Meliha Ekinci
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Emre Ozgenc
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Derya Ilem-Ozdemir
- Radiopharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.-S.D.); (M.E.); (E.O.); (D.I.-O.)
| | - Zeynep Senyigit
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir 35400, Turkey;
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad, 03202 Elche, Spain;
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15
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Gupta S, Tejavath KK. Nano Phytoceuticals: A Step Forward in Tracking Down Paths for Therapy Against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Yap KM, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Wu YS, Gan SH, Mat Rani NNI, Subramaniyan V, Kokare C, Lum PT, Begum MY, Mani S, Meenakshi DU, Sathasivam KV, Fuloria NK. Drug Delivery of Natural Products Through Nanocarriers for Effective Breast Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7891-7941. [PMID: 34880614 PMCID: PMC8648329 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s328135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC), it remains a global health issue affecting millions of women annually. Poor prognosis in BC patients is often linked to drug resistance as well as the lack of effective therapeutic options for metastatic and triple-negative BC. In response to these unmet needs, extensive research efforts have been devoted to exploring the anti-BC potentials of natural products owing to their multi-target mechanisms of action and good safety profiles. Various medicinal plant extracts/essential oils and natural bioactive compounds have demonstrated anti-cancer activities in preclinical BC models. Despite the promising preclinical results, however, the clinical translation of natural products has often been hindered by their poor stability, aqueous solubility and bioavailability. There have been attempts to overcome these limitations, particularly via the use of nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs). This review highlights the tumour targeting mechanisms of NDDSs, the advantages and disadvantages of the major classes of NDDSs and their current clinical status in BC treatment. Besides, it also discusses the proposed anti-BC mechanisms and nanoformulations of nine medicinal plants' extracts/essential oils and nine natural bioactive compounds; selected via the screening of various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, based on the following keywords: "Natural Product AND Nanoparticle AND Breast Cancer". Overall, these nanoformulations exhibit improved anti-cancer efficacy against preclinical BC models, with some demonstrating biocompatibility with normal cell lines and mouse models. Further clinical studies are, however, warranted to ascertain their efficacy and biocompatibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Min Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | | | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | | | - Chandrakant Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune, 411041, India
| | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - M Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Asir-Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankar Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, Karnataka, 571418, India
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17
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Singh S, Sharma N, Behl T, Sarkar BC, Saha HR, Garg K, Singh SK, Arora S, Amran MS, Abdellatif AAH, Bilgrami AL, Ashraf GM, Rahman MS. Promising Strategies of Colloidal Drug Delivery-Based Approaches in Psoriasis Management. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111978. [PMID: 34834393 PMCID: PMC8623849 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that moderately affects social and interpersonal relationships. Conventional treatments for psoriasis have certain problems, such as poor drug penetration through the skin, hyper-pigmentation, and a burning sensation on normal and diseased skin. Colloidal drug delivery systems overcome the pitfalls of conventional approaches for psoriasis therapeutics and have improved patient safety parameters, compliance, and superior effectiveness. They also entail reduced toxicity. This comprehensive review’s topics include the pathogenesis of psoriasis, causes and types of psoriasis, conventional treatment alternatives for psoriasis, the need for colloidal drug delivery systems, and recent studies in colloidal drug delivery systems for the treatment of psoriasis. This review briefly describes colloidal drug delivery approaches, such as emulsion systems—i.e., multiple emulsion, microemulsion, and nano-emulsion; vesicular systems—i.e., liposomes, ethosomes, noisomes, and transferosomes; and particulate systems—i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid microparticles, nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanocrystals, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles. The review was compiled through an extensive search of the literature through the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. A survey of literature revealed seven formulations based upon emulsion systems, six vesicular drug delivery systems, and fourteen particulate systems reported for antipsoriatic drugs. Based on the literature studies of colloidal approaches for psoriasis management carried out in recent years, it has been concluded that colloidal pharmaceutical formulations could be investigated broadly and have a broad scope for effective management of many skin disorders in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.R.); Tel.: +88-017-2006-1803 (M.S.R.)
| | - Bidhan Chandra Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 12- Kemal Ataturk Avenue, HBR Tower Banani C/A, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (B.C.S.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Hasi Rani Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 12- Kemal Ataturk Avenue, HBR Tower Banani C/A, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (B.C.S.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Kanika Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Supriya Kamari Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Shah Amran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Anwar L. Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.R.); Tel.: +88-017-2006-1803 (M.S.R.)
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