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Makhado BP, Oladipo AO, Gumbi NN, De Kock LA, Andraos C, Gulumian M, Nxumalo EN. Unravelling the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials - From cellular interactions to mechanistic understanding. Toxicol In Vitro 2024:105898. [PMID: 39029601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The application of carbon nanomaterials in diverse fields has substantially increased their demand for commercial usage. Within the earliest decade, the development of functional materials has further increased the significance of this element. Despite the advancements recorded, the potential harmful impacts of embracing carbon nanomaterials for biological applications must be balanced against their advantages. Interestingly, many studies have neglected the intriguing and dynamic cellular interaction of carbon nanomaterials and the mechanistic understanding of their property-driven behaviour, even though common toxicity profiles have been reported. Reiterating the toxicity issue, several researchers conclude that these materials have minimal toxicity and may be safe for contact with biological systems at certain dosages. Here, we aim to provide a report on the significance of some of the properties that influence their toxicity. After that, a description of the implication of nanotoxicology in humans and living systems, revealing piece by piece their exposure routes and possible risks, will be provided. Then, an extensive discussion of the mechanistic puzzle modulating the interface between various human cellular systems and carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, fullerenes, and nanodiamonds will follow. Finally, this review also sheds light on the organization that handles the risk associated with nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bveledzani P Makhado
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Adewale O Oladipo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Nozipho N Gumbi
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Lueta A De Kock
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Charlene Andraos
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University Potchefstroom, South Africa; National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH), National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Edward N Nxumalo
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
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Lomphithak T, Helvacioglu S, Armenia I, Keshavan S, Ovejero JG, Baldi G, Ravagli C, Grazú V, Fadeel B. High-Dose Exposure to Polymer-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Elicits Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis in Susceptible Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111719. [PMID: 37299622 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven cell death, has been extensively investigated in recent years, and several studies have suggested that the ferroptosis-inducing properties of iron-containing nanomaterials could be harnessed for cancer treatment. Here we evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles, with and without cobalt functionalization (Fe2O3 and Fe2O3@Co-PEG), using an established, ferroptosis-sensitive fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) and a normal fibroblast cell line (BJ). In addition, we evaluated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PEG-PLGA). Our results showed that all the nanoparticles tested were essentially non-cytotoxic at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL. However, when the cells were exposed to higher concentrations (200-400 μg/mL), cell death with features of ferroptosis was observed, and this was more pronounced for the Co-functionalized nanoparticles. Furthermore, evidence was provided that the cell death triggered by the nanoparticles was autophagy-dependent. Taken together, the exposure to high concentrations of polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles triggers ferroptosis in susceptible human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanpisit Lomphithak
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Selin Helvacioglu
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35433, Turkey
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandeep Keshavan
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesús G Ovejero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dosimetry and Radioprotection, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L., Sovigliana, 50053 Vinci, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Grazú
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu Q, Wang J, Yao C, Yang L, Zhao L, Guo L, Liu JM, Wang S. Functional Micro-/Nanostructures in Agrofood Science: Precise Inspection, Hazard Elimination, and Potential Health Risks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1018-1034. [PMID: 36602253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, biotechniques, and chemical engineering have arisen as new trends with significant impacts on agrofood science development. Advanced analytical techniques with high sensitivity, specificity, and automation based on micro-/nanomaterials for food hazard elimination have become leading research hotspots in agrofood science. Research progress in micro-/nanomaterials has provided a solid theoretical basis and technical support to solve problems in the industry. However, the rapid development of micro-/nanostructures has also raised concerns regarding potential risks to human health. This review presents the latest advances in the precise inspection and elimination of food hazards from micro-/nanomaterials and discusses the potential threats to human health posed by nanomaterials. The theoretical reference was provided for the application trend of micro-/nanomaterials in the field of agrofood science in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisijing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Chixuan Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 32500, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 32500, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
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Gupta G, Cappellini F, Farcal L, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Fadeel B. Copper oxide nanoparticles trigger macrophage cell death with misfolding of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:33. [PMID: 35538581 PMCID: PMC9088059 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are known to trigger cytotoxicity in a variety of cell models, but the mechanism of cell death remains unknown. Here we addressed the mechanism of cytotoxicity in macrophages exposed to CuO NPs versus copper chloride (CuCl2). Methods The mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used as an in vitro model. Particle uptake and the cellular dose of Cu were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The deposition of Cu in lysosomes isolated from macrophages was also determined by ICP-MS. Cell viability (metabolic activity) was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, and oxidative stress was monitored by a variety of methods including a luminescence-based assay for cellular glutathione (GSH), and flow cytometry-based detection of mitochondrial superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential. Protein aggregation was determined by confocal microscopy using an aggresome-specific dye and protein misfolding was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Lastly, proteasome activity was investigated using a fluorometric assay. Results We observed rapid cellular uptake of CuO NPs in macrophages with deposition in lysosomes. CuO NP-elicited cell death was characterized by mitochondrial swelling with signs of oxidative stress including the production of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular depletion of GSH. We also observed a dose-dependent accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and loss of proteasomal function in CuO NP-exposed cells, and we could demonstrate misfolding and mitochondrial translocation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a Cu/Zn-dependent enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the defense against oxidative stress. The chelation of copper ions using tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) prevented cell death whereas inhibition of the cellular SOD1 chaperone aggravated toxicity. Moreover, CuO NP-triggered cell death was insensitive to the pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, and to wortmannin, an inhibitor of autophagy, implying that this was a non-apoptotic cell death. ZnO NPs, on the other hand, triggered autophagic cell death. Conclusions CuO NPs undergo dissolution in lysosomes leading to copper-dependent macrophage cell death characterized by protein misfolding and proteasomal insufficiency. Specifically, we present novel evidence for Cu-induced SOD1 misfolding which accords with the pronounced oxidative stress observed in CuO NP-exposed macrophages. These results are relevant for our understanding of the consequences of inadvertent human exposure to CuO NPs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00467-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Gupta
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Cappellini
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lucian Farcal
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Torres Andón F, Bondarenko O. Recent Discoveries in Nanoparticle-Macrophage Interactions: In Vitro Models for Nanosafety Testing and Novel Nanomedical Approaches for Immunotherapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2971. [PMID: 34835734 PMCID: PMC8619259 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer unique properties for biomedical applications, leading to new nanomedicines [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torres Andón
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via A. Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Olesja Bondarenko
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5d, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Dunphy A, Patel K, Belperain S, Pennington A, Chiu NHL, Yin Z, Zhu X, Priebe B, Tian S, Wei J, Yi X, Jia Z. Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Carbon Nanodots and Elucidation of Carbon Nanodot Uptake Routes in Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1116. [PMID: 33925858 PMCID: PMC8145848 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents an ever-present global concern, as it is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and an immense public welfare issue. Macrophages play a key role in the onset of the disease state and are popular targets in vascular research and therapeutic treatment. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) represent a type of carbon-based nanomaterial and have garnered attention in recent years for potential in biomedical applications. This investigation serves as a foremost attempt at characterizing the interplay between macrophages and CNDs. We have employed THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages as our target cell line representing primary macrophages in the human body. Our results showcase that CNDs are non-toxic at a variety of doses. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and co-treatment with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs. This co-treatment significantly increased the expression of CD 206 and CD 68 (key receptors involved in phagocytosis) and increased the expression of CCL2 (a monocyte chemoattractant and pro-inflammatory cytokine). The phagocytic activity of THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages co-treated with 0.1 mg/mL CNDs also showed a significant increase. Furthermore, this study also examined potential entrance routes of CNDs into macrophages. We have demonstrated an inhibition in the uptake of CNDs in macrophages treated with nocodazole (microtubule disruptor), N-phenylanthranilic acid (chloride channel blocker), and mercury chloride (aquaporin channel inhibitor). Collectively, this research provides evidence that CNDs cause functional changes in macrophages and indicates a variety of potential entrance routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dunphy
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Kamal Patel
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Sarah Belperain
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Aubrey Pennington
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Norman H. L. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (Z.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Ziyu Yin
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (Z.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Brandon Priebe
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (Z.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Xianwen Yi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 312 Eberhart Building, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402-617, USA; (A.D.); (K.P.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (B.P.)
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