Studying the Adsorptive Behavior of Poly(Acrylonitrile-co-Styrene) and Carbon Nanotubes (Nanocomposites) Impregnated with Adsorbent Materials towards Methyl Orange Dye

Algal Extracts for Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Promising Approach for Algae Bioremediation

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) possess unique properties, making them a popular material across various industries. However, traditional methods of synthesizing ZnO-NPs are associated with environmental and health risks due to the use of harmful chemicals. As a result, the development of eco-friendly manufacturing practices, such as green-synthesis methodologies, has gained momentum. Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using biological substrates offers several advantages over conventional approaches, such as cost-effectiveness, simplicity of scaling up, and reduced environmental impact. While both dried dead and living biomasses can be used for synthesis, the extracellular mode is more commonly employed. Although several biological substrates have been successfully utilized for the green production of ZnO-NPs, large-scale production remains challenging due to the complexity of biological extracts. In addition, ZnO-NPs have significant potential for photocatalysis and adsorption in the remediation of industrial effluents. The ease of use, efficacy, quick oxidation, cost-effectiveness, and reduced synthesis of harmful byproducts make them a promising tool in this field. This review aims to describe the different biological substrate sources and technologies used in the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs and their impact on properties. Traditional synthesis methods using harmful chemicals limit their clinical field of use. However, the emergence of algae as a promising substrate for creating safe, biocompatible, non-toxic, economic, and ecological synthesis techniques is gaining momentum. Future research is required to explore the potential of other algae species for biogenic synthesis. Moreover, this review focuses on how green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using biological substrates offers a viable alternative to traditional methods. Moreover, the use of these nanoparticles for industrial-effluent remediation is a promising field for future research.

Commercial Seaweed Liquid Extract as Strawberry Biostimulants and Bioethanol Production

Seaweeds are increasingly intriguing as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds. They have applications in agriculture, fuels, feed, and food products. To become a cost-competitive product with zero waste, a biorefinery approach is applied, where several products are valorized at the same time. True-Algae-Max (TAM^®) has been investigated for its ability to improve the yield and nutritional facts of a strawberry plant. Three concentrations of TAM (0, 50, and 100%) were examined by foliar spray in 2017 with 50% NPK chemical fertilizer. Results indicated that growth, yield, chlorophyll, and potassium content were significantly improved by TAM treatments. TAM50 % resulted in maximum root length, leaf area, plant fresh weight, fruit weight, and yield with an increase ranging from 10 to 110% compared to control. Compared to the NPK control, strawberries grown with TAM50% improved total soluble solids (TSS) from 7.58 to 10.12% and anthocyanin from 23.08 to 29.42 mg CGE 100 g^-1. Noteworthily, this reduced total sugar, and total phenolics were boosted by TAM applications, while non-reducing sugar was reduced compared to control. On the other hand, whole seaweed biomass and TAM residuals were used for bioethanol production by acid scarification. The maximum bioethanol yield was observed in residual biomass (0.34 g g^-1 dw), while the whole seaweed biomass showed only 0.20 g g^-1 dw. These results proved the biorefinery concept of using seaweed extract as a biostimulator and bioethanol production.

A Review on Polyacrylonitrile as an Effective and Economic Constituent of Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment

Water gets polluted due to the dumping of untreated industrial waste into bodies of water, particularly those containing heavy metals and dyes. Industrial water contains both inorganic and organic wastes. Numerous adsorbents that are inexpensive and easily available can be used to address the issue of water deterioration. This review report is focused on polyacrylonitrile as an efficient constituent of adsorbents to extract toxic ions and dyes. It discusses the various formulations of polyacrylonitrile, such as ion exchange resins, chelating resins, fibers, membranes, and hydrogels, synthesized through different polymerization methods, such as suspension polymerization, electrospinning, grafting, redox, and emulsion polymerization. Moreover, regeneration of adsorbent and heavy metal ions makes the adsorption process more cost-effective and efficient. The literature reporting successful regeneration of the adsorbent is included. The factors affecting the performance and outcomes of the adsorption process are also discussed.

Recent Advances in Marine Microalgae Production: Highlighting Human Health Products from Microalgae in View of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)

Blue biotechnology can greatly help solve some of the most serious social problems due to its wide biodiversity, which includes marine environments. Microalgae are important resources for human needs as an alternative to terrestrial plants because of their rich biodiversity, rapid growth, and product contributions in many fields. The production scheme for microalgae biomass mainly consists of two processes: (I) the Build-Up process and (II) the Pull-Down process. The Build-Up process consists of (1) the super strain concept and (2) cultivation aspects. The Pull-Down process includes (1) harvesting and (2) drying algal biomass. In some cases, such as the manufacture of algal products, the (3) extraction of bioactive compounds is included. Microalgae have a wide range of commercial applications, such as in aquaculture, biofertilizer, bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods, which have several industrial and academic applications around the world. The efficiency and success of biomedical products derived from microalgal biomass or its metabolites mainly depend on the technologies used in the cultivation, harvesting, drying, and extraction of microalgae bioactive molecules. The current review focuses on recent advanced technologies that enhance microalgae biomass within microalgae production schemes. Moreover, the current work highlights marine drugs and human health products derived from microalgae that can improve human immunity and reduce viral activities, especially COVID-19.

Equilibrium and Kinetic Modeling of Crystal Violet Dye Adsorption by a Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum

Significant efforts have been made to improve adsorbents capable of eliminating pollutants from aqueous solutions, making it simple and quick to separate from the treated solution. In the current study, the removal of Crystal Violet Dye (CVD) from an aqueous synthetic solution onto a marine diatom alga, Skeletonema costatum, was investigated. Different experiments were conducted as a function of different pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and initial CVD concentration. The highest adsorption efficiency (98%) was obtained at 0.4 g of S. costatum, pH 3, and a contact time of 120 min, at 25 °C. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results display that binding of CVD on S. costatum may occur by electrostatic and complexation reactions. Moreover, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET) obtained was 87.17 m² g^-1, which, in addition to a scanning electron microscope (SEM), reveals large pores that could enhance the uptake of large molecules. However, the equilibrium adsorption models were conducted by Halsey, Langmuir, Freundlich, Henderson, and Tempkin isotherm. In addition, multilayer adsorption isotherm best described the uptake of CVD onto S. costatum. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q_max) was 6.410 mg g^-1. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption studies suggested that the uptake of CVD onto S. costatum was endothermic and spontaneous. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic equations were applied to model the adsorption kinetic data. It was seen that the kinetics of the adsorption may be described using pseudo-second-order kinetic equations. Finally, the present work concluded that the marine diatom alga S. costatum is suitable as a natural material for the adsorption of CVD.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Application in Adsorption of Toxic Dye from Aqueous Solution

Dye waste is one of the most serious types of pollution in natural water bodies, since its presence can be easily detected by the naked eye, and it is not easily biodegradable. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were generated using a chemical reduction approach involving the zinc nitrate procedure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and UV-vis techniques were used to analyse the surface of ZnO-NPs. The results indicate the creation of ZnO-NPs with a surface area of 95.83 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.058 cm3 g−1, as well as an average pore size of 1.22 nm. In addition, the ZnO-NPs were used as an adsorbent for the removal of Ismate violet 2R (IV2R) dye from aqueous solutions under various conditions (dye concentration, pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage) using a batch adsorption technique. Furthermore, FTIR and SEM examinations performed before and after the adsorption process indicated that the surface functionalisation and shape of the ZnO-NP nanocomposites changed significantly. A batch adsorption analysis was used to examine the extent to which operating parameters, the equilibrium isotherm, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics affected the results. The results of the batch technique revealed that the best results were obtained in the treatment with 0.04 g of ZnO-NP nanoparticles at 30 °C and pH 2 with an initial dye concentration of 10 mg L−1, which removed 91.5% and 65.6% of dye from synthetic and textile industry effluents, respectively. Additionally, six adsorption isotherm models were investigated by mathematical modelling and were validated for the adsorption process, and error function equations were applied to the isotherm model results in order to find the best-fit isotherm model. Likewise, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit well. A thermodynamic study revealed that IV2R adsorption on ZnO-NPs is a spontaneous, endothermic, and feasible sorption process. Finally, the synthesised nanocomposites prove to be excellent candidates for IV2R removal from water and real wastewater systems.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Red Seaweed for the Elimination of Organic Toxic Dye from an Aqueous Solution

This study aims to produce green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) derived from red seaweed (Pterocladia Capillacea) and evaluate their potential to absorb Ismate violet 2R (IV2R) ions from an aqueous solution. UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET) were used to analyze the structural, morphological, and optical features of the synthesized nanoparticles. The change in color of the chemical solution revealed the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The FTIR examination confirmed the synthesis of both Zn and ZnO nanoparticle powder, with a BET surface area of 113.751 m² g^-1 and an average pore size of 2.527 nm for the synthesized adsorbent. Furthermore, the maximum removal effectiveness of IV2R was 99% when 0.08 g ZnO-NPs was applied at a pH of 6, a temperature of 55 °C, and a contact time of 120 min. The dye adsorption capacity of the ZnO-NPs was 72.24 mg g^-1. The adsorption process was also controlled by the Freundlich adsorption model and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. The adsorption of IV2R ions onto the ZnO-NPs could be represented as a nonideal and reversible sorption process of a nonuniform surface, according to Freundlich adsorption isotherms. In addition, the constant values of the model parameters were determined using various nonlinear regression error functions. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters such as entropy change, enthalpy change, and free energy change were investigated; the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The high capacity of the ZnO-NPs synthesized by red seaweed promotes them as promising substances for applications in water treatment for the removal of IV2R dye from aqueous systems.

The Using of Nanoparticles of Microalgae in Remediation of Toxic Dye from Industrial Wastewater: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the removal of the toxic Methylene Blue Dye (MBD) from synthetic aqueous solutions using the nanoparticles form of Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for MBD was investigated using different amounts of A. platensis nanoparticles at different contact times, temperatures, pH, and MBD initial concentrations in the synthetic aqueous solution. In addition, A. platensis nanoparticles were characterized using Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Ultraviolet spectra (UV) techniques. The optimum removal of MBD was found at a concentration of 0.4 g A. platensis nanoparticles. A. platensis nanoparticles remove 93% of MBD in 5 min (under agitation conditions at 150 rpm). The highest adsorption capacity was found by the Langmuir model to be 58.8 mg g⁻¹. It is an endothermic process with spontaneity increasing with temperature. The probable mechanism for the adsorption is chemisorption via surface-active charges in the initial phase, which is followed by physical sorption by occupying pores of A. platensis. MBD adsorption by A. platensis follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Freundlich and Langmuir models fit well with the experimental data. The adsorption experiments suggested that the regeneration of the adsorbents was possible for repeated use, especially regarding MBD up to 65.8% after three cycles, which proves it can be easily recycled. In conclusion, the nanoparticles of A. platensis have a significant adsorption potential in the removal of MBD from effluent wastewater.

Do Red Seaweed Nanoparticles Enhance Bioremediation Capacity of Toxic Dyes from Aqueous Solution?

Based on their functional groups, the use of various seaweed forms in phytoremediation has recently gained significant eco-friendly importance. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel, sustainable, and ecologically acceptable adsorbent could be employed to remove toxic textile dye (Ismate Violet 2R (IV2R)) from an aqueous solution. The low-cost adsorbent was prepared from the nanoparticles form of the native red seaweed species, Pterocladia capillacea. Before and after the adsorption procedure, comprehensive characterization experiments on the bio-adsorbent were carried out, including BET, SEM, FTIR, UV, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) examination. The adsorption performance of the prepared nano-Pterocladia capillacea was optimized by adjusting operating parameters such as the initial dye concentration of 60 mg L⁻¹, pH of 2, and contact time of 15 min, all of which were obtained by batch experiments in the lab. At the optimum conditions, the prepared adsorbent had maximum removal effectiveness of 87.2%. Most typical kinetics and isotherm models were used to test the experimental results. The equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model, with comparatively higher R² values and fewer standard errors, while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better with a decent correlation coefficient. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the sorption process on nano-alga was exothermic and spontaneous.

Dried Brown Seaweed's Phytoremediation Potential for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Aquatic Environments

The dried form of the brown seaweed Sargassum latifolium was tested for its ability to remove toxic Methylene Blue Dye (MBD) ions from aqueous synthetic solutions and industrial wastewater effluents. In a batch adsorption experiment, different initial concentrations of MBD (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1), sorbent dosages (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g L-1), contact time (5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 min), pH (3, 5, 8, 10, and 12), and temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 °C) were observed. Dried powder of S. latifolium was characterized before and after adsorption of MBD using different techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, UV visible spectral examination, and BET techniques. The BET surface area suggests the formation of S. latifolium was 111.65 m2 g-1, and the average pore size was 2.19 nm. The obtained results showed that at an MBD concentration of 40 mg L-1, the adsorption was rapid in the first 5, 10, and 15 min of contact time, and an equilibrium was reached in about 60 and 120 min for the adsorption. At the optimum temperature of 30 °C and the adsorbent dose of 0.1 g L-1, approximately 94.88% of MBD were removed. To find the best-fit isotherm model, the error function equations are applied to the isotherm model findings. Both Tempkin and Freundlich isotherm models could appropriate the equilibrium data, as well as the pseudo 2nd order kinetics model due to high correlation coefficients (R2). Thermodynamic and Freundlich model parameters were assessed and showed that the mechanism of the sorption process occurs by an endothermic and physical process. According to the results of the experiments, S. latifolium is a promising environmentally friendly approach for eliminating MBD from the aqueous solution that is also cost-effective. This technology could be useful in addressing the rising demand for adsorbents employed in environmental protection processes.

Aquatic Plants and Aquatic Animals in the Context of Sustainability: Cultivation Techniques, Integration, and Blue Revolution

The aquaculture industry has rapidly increased in response to the increasing world population, with the appreciation that aquaculture products are beneficial for human health and nutrition. Globally, aquaculture organisms are mainly divided into two divisions, aquatic animals (finfish, crustaceans, and molluscs) and aquatic plants (microalgae and seaweed). Worldwide aquaculture production has reached more than 82 million tonnes (MTs) in 2018 with more than 450 cultured species. The development of economical, environmentally friendly, and large-scale feasible technologies to produce aquaculture organisms (even aquatic animals and/or aquatic plants) is an essential need of the world. Some aquaculture technologies are related to aquatic animals or aquatic plants, as well as some technologies have an integrated system. This integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals could be performed during early larvae rearing, on-growing and/or mass production. In the context of the blue revolution, the current review focuses on the generations of integration between aquatic plants and aquatic animals, such as live feeds, biomass concentrates, water conditioners “green water technique”, aqua-feed additives, co-culturing technologies, and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). This review could shed light on the benefit of aquatic animals and plant integration, which could lead future low-cost, highly efficient, and sustainable aquaculture industry projects.

Assessment of Water Quality and Phytoplankton Structure of Eight Alexandria Beaches, Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

This study aims to investigate the abundance, community, and structure of phytoplankton, physicochemical parameters, and some eutrophication state indices, to estimate the water quality of eight selected beaches along the Alexandria Coast, in the southeast of the Mediterranean Sea. The samples were collected monthly from 2019 to 2020. Nutrient values ranged from 1.54 to 33.21 µM for nitrate, 0.01 to 1.98 µM for nitrite, 0.12 to 9.45 µM for ammonia, 0.01 to 1.54 µM for phosphate, and 0.67 to 29.53 µM for silicate. Phytoplankton biomass was characterized by chlorophyll-a concentration, which fluctuated between 0.12 and 12.31 µg L−1. The annual phytoplankton average was 63.85 ± 17.83 × 103 cells L−1. Phytoplankton was highly diversified (228 taxa), and the most diversified group was diatoms (136 taxa), followed by a remarkably low number of Dinophyta (36 taxa). Diatoms reached maximum abundance in December. Meanwhile, a dense bloom of microalga Chlorella marina occurred in June on some beaches. High temperature, high dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and less-saline waters have supported green algal proliferation. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’) showed that there was a qualitative seasonal difference in the composition of the phytoplankton community. Waters of beaches 1–3 were classified as between clean and moderately polluted; and beaches 4–8 varied between moderately and heavily polluted. The study revealed that human activities might have triggered the algal bloom and may be responsible for alterations in the Alexandria coast ecosystem.

Ammonia Bioremediation from Aquaculture Wastewater Effluents Using Arthrospira platensis NIOF17/003: Impact of Biodiesel Residue and Potential of Ammonia-Loaded Biomass as Rotifer Feed

The present work evaluated the capability of Arthrospira platensis complete biomass (ACDW) and the lipid-free biomass (LFB) to remove ammonium ions (NH4+) from aquaculture wastewater discharge. Under controlled conditions in flasks filled with 100 mL of distilled water (synthetic aqueous solution), a batch process ion-exchange was conducted by changing the main parameters including contact times (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 min), initial ammonium ion concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 mg·L-1), and initial pH levels (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) at various dosages of ACDW and LFB as adsorbents (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 g). After lab optimization, ammonia removal from real aquaculture wastewater was also examined. The removal of ammonium using ACDW and LFB in the synthetic aqueous solution (64.24% and 89.68%, respectively) was higher than that of the real aquaculture effluents (25.70% and 37.80%, respectively). The data of IR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of various functional groups in the biomass of ACDW and LFB. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms were estimated using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Halsey models, providing an initial description of the ammonia elimination capacity of A. platensis. The experimental kinetic study was suitably fit by a pseudo-second-order equation. On the other hand, as a result of the treatment of real aquaculture wastewater (RAW) using LFB and ACDW, the bacterial counts of the LFB, ACDW, ACDW-RAW, and RAW groups were high (higher than 300 CFU), while the LFB-RAW group showed lower than 100 CFU. The current study is the first work reporting the potential of ammonia-loaded microalgae biomass as a feed source for the rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis). In general, our findings concluded that B. plicatilis was sensitive to A. platensis biomass loaded with ammonia concentrations. Overall, the results in this work showed that the biomass of A. platensis is a promising candidate for removing ammonia from aquaculture wastewater.

Potential Applications of Arthrospira platensis Lipid-Free Biomass in Bioremediation of Organic Dye from Industrial Textile Effluents and Its Influence on Marine Rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis)

Arthrospira platensis is one of the most important cultured microalgal species in the world. Arthrospira complete dry biomass (ACDB) has been reported as an interesting feedstock for many industries, including biodiesel production. The A. platensis by-product of biodiesel production (lipid-free biomass; LFB) is a source of proteins, functional molecules, and carbohydrates, and can also be reused in several applications. The current study investigated the efficiency of ACDB and LFB in bioremediation of dye (Ismate violet 2R, IV2R) from textile effluents. In addition, the potential of ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R as a feed for Rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, was examined. The surface of the adsorbents was characterized by SEM, FTIR, and Raman analysis to understand the adsorption mechanism. The batch sorption method was examined as a function of adsorbent dose (0.02–0.01 g L⁻¹), solution initial concentration (10–100 mg L⁻¹), pH (2–10), and contact time (15–180 min). The kinetic studies and adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin, and Halsey) were used to describe the interaction between dye and adsorbents. The results concluded that the adsorption process increased with increasing ACDB and LFB dose, contact time (120 min), initial IV2R concentration (10 mg L⁻¹), and acidity pH (2 and 6, respectively). For the elimination of industrial textile wastewater, the ACDB and LFB sorbents have good elimination ability of a dye solution by 75.7% and 61.11%, respectively. The kinetic interaction between dye and adsorbents fitted well to Langmuir, Freundlish, and Halsey models for LFB, and Langmuir for ACDB at optimum conditions with R² > 0.9. In addition, based on the bioassay study, the ACDB and LFB loaded by IV2R up to 0.02 g L⁻¹ may be used as feed for the marine Rotifer B. plicatilis.

Removing of Anionic Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Using of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Poly (Acrylonitrile-styrene) Impregnated with Activated Carbon

This paper presents an estimation of the adsorptive potential of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and modified poly (acrylonitrile-co-styrene) with activated carbon for the uptake of reactive red 35 (RR35) dye from aqueous solution by a batch system. MWCNT adsorbent was synthesized by encapsulation via in situ polymerization. The copolymer material of poly (acrylonitrile-styrene) P (AN-co-ST) was prepared in a ratio of 2:1 V/V by the precipitation polymerization process. The prepared composites’ properties were characterized by FTIR, SEM, Raman, mean particle size (PSA), and XRD analysis. The PSA of the copolymeric material was determined to be 450.5 and 994 nm for MWCNTs and P(AN-co-St)/AC, respectively. Moreover, the influences of different factors, for example pH (2–10), adsorbents dosage (0.005–0.04 g), contact time (5–120 min), initial dye concentration (10–50 mg L−1), and temperature (25–55 °C). The optimum values were determined to be 2 and 4 pH, 10 mg L−1 of RR35 dye, and 0.04 g of adsorbents at early contact time. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm was studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Halsey models. Maximum capacity qmax for MWCNTS and P (AN-co-St)/AC was 256.41 and 30.30 mg g−1, respectively. The investigational kinetic study was appropriated well via a pseudo second-order model with a correlation coefficient around 0.99. Thermodynamic study displayed that the removal of RR35 is exothermic, a spontaneous and physisorption system. The adsorption efficiency reduced to around 54–55% of the RR35 after four cycles of reuse of the adsorbents at 120 min.

Assessment of Water Quality, Eutrophication, and Zooplankton Community in Lake Burullus, Egypt

Burullus Lake is Egypt’s second most important coastal lagoon. The present study aimed to shed light on the different types of polluted waters entering the lake from various drains, as well as to evaluate the zooplankton community, determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters, and study the eutrophication state based on three years of seasonal monitoring from 2017 to 2019 at 12 stations. The results revealed that Rotifera, Copepoda, Protozoa, and Cladocera dominated the zooplankton population across the three-year study period, with a total of 98 taxa from 59 genera and 10 groups detected in the whole-body lake in 2018 and 2019, compared to 93 species from 52 genera in 2017. Twelve representative surface water samples were collected from the lake to determine physicochemical parameters, i.e., temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia-N, nitrate–N, nitrate-N, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved reactive phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a, as well as Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb ions. Based on the calculations of the water quality index (WQI), the lake was classified as having good water quality. However, the trophic state is ranked as hyper-eutrophic and high trophic conditions.