1
|
Pourshahidi AM, Achtsnicht S, Offenhäusser A, Krause HJ. Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Setup Employing Permanent Ring Magnets as a Static Offset Field Source. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8776. [PMID: 36433383 PMCID: PMC9694433 DOI: 10.3390/s22228776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) has been explored for its applications in fields of magnetic biosensing, multiplex detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and the determination of core size distribution of MNP samples. Such applications rely on the application of a static offset magnetic field, which is generated traditionally with an electromagnet. Such a setup requires a current source, as well as passive or active cooling strategies, which directly sets a limitation based on the portability aspect that is desired for point of care (POC) monitoring applications. In this work, a measurement head is introduced that involves the utilization of two ring-shaped permanent magnets to generate a static offset magnetic field. A steel cylinder in the ring bores homogenizes the field. By variation of the distance between the ring magnets and of the thickness of the steel cylinder, the magnitude of the magnetic field at the sample position can be adjusted. Furthermore, the measurement setup is compared to the electromagnet offset module based on measured signals and temperature behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Pourshahidi
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Achtsnicht
- Institute of Nano-and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Krause
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Nano-and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li T, Wang K, Zheng C, Zheng W, Cheng Y, Ning Q, Xu H, Cui D. Magnetic frequency mixing technological advances for the practical improvement of point-of-care testing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:347-360. [PMID: 34859425 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, especially superparamagnetic nanomaterials, have recently played essential roles in point-of-care testing due to their intrinsic magnetic, electrochemical, and optical properties. The inherent superparamagnetism of magnetic nanoparticles makes them highly sensitive for quantitative detection. Among the various magnetic detection technologies, frequency mixing technology (FMT) technology is an emerging detection technique in the nanomedical field. FMT sensors have high potential for development in the field of biomedical quantitative detection due to their simple structure, and they are not limited to the materials used. In particular, they can be applied for large-scale disease screening, early tumor marker detection, and low-dose drug detection. This review summarizes the principles of FMT and recent advances in the fields of immunoadsorption, lateral flow assay detection, magnetic imaging, and magnetic nanoparticles recognition. The advantages and limitations of FMT sensors for robust, ultrasensitive biosensing are highlighted. Finally, the future requirements and challenges in the development of this technology are described. This review provides further insights for researchers to inspire the future development of FMT by integration into biosensing and devices with a broad field of applications in analytical sensing and clinical usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangan Li
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Wang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujun Zheng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemeng Cheng
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihong Ning
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent diagnosis and treatment instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pourshahidi AM, Achtsnicht S, Nambipareechee MM, Offenhäusser A, Krause HJ. Multiplex Detection of Magnetic Beads Using Offset Field Dependent Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175859. [PMID: 34502749 PMCID: PMC8433651 DOI: 10.3390/s21175859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic immunoassays employing Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (FMMD) have recently become increasingly popular for quantitative detection of various analytes. Simultaneous analysis of a sample for two or more targets is desirable in order to reduce the sample amount, save consumables, and save time. We show that different types of magnetic beads can be distinguished according to their frequency mixing response to a two-frequency magnetic excitation at different static magnetic offset fields. We recorded the offset field dependent FMMD response of two different particle types at frequencies f1 + n⋅f2, n = 1, 2, 3, 4 with f1 = 30.8 kHz and f2 = 63 Hz. Their signals were clearly distinguishable by the locations of the extremes and zeros of their responses. Binary mixtures of the two particle types were prepared with different mixing ratios. The mixture samples were analyzed by determining the best linear combination of the two pure constituents that best resembled the measured signals of the mixtures. Using a quadratic programming algorithm, the mixing ratios could be determined with an accuracy of greater than 14%. If each particle type is functionalized with a different antibody, multiplex detection of two different analytes becomes feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Pourshahidi
- Institute of Biological Information Processing-Biolelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (A.M.P.); (S.A.); (M.M.N.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Achtsnicht
- Institute of Biological Information Processing-Biolelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (A.M.P.); (S.A.); (M.M.N.); (A.O.)
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mrinal Murali Nambipareechee
- Institute of Biological Information Processing-Biolelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (A.M.P.); (S.A.); (M.M.N.); (A.O.)
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing-Biolelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (A.M.P.); (S.A.); (M.M.N.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Krause
- Institute of Biological Information Processing-Biolelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (A.M.P.); (S.A.); (M.M.N.); (A.O.)
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: h.-; Tel.: +49-2461-61-2955
| |
Collapse
|