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Zhong W, Dong J, Chen S, Tong Z. The Synergistic Lubrication Effects of h-BN and g-C 3N 4 Nanoparticles as Oil-Based Additives for Steel/Steel Contact. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4979. [PMID: 37512254 PMCID: PMC10381899 DOI: 10.3390/ma16144979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of different types of solid particles in liquid lubricants is of great interest. In this work, g-C3N4 nanosheets were initially prepared using a calcination method and then as-prepared, and h-BN were used as lubricating additives to the white oil. A comparison between the mixed additives and the single g-C3N4 or h-BN additives revealed that the base oil with the addition of g-C3N4 and h-BN showed the best lubricating properties. The results show a 12.3% reduction in friction coefficient, resulting in a 68.6% reduction in wear rate compared to the white oil when filled with 0.5 wt% g-C3N4 and h-BN (1:1 by weight). Moreover, the addition of g-C3N4 and h-BN improves the high-temperature lubrication properties of the white oil. However, the friction coefficient and wear rate increase with increasing oil temperature. The large contact area between g-C3N4 and its sliding counterpart and the strong adhesive force between h-BN and its sliding counterpart improve the film formation efficiency, leading to enhanced tribological properties under oil lubrication conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Luzhou Laojiao Group Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiazhi Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Luzhou Laojiao Group Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Siqiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Luzhou Laojiao Group Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhe Tong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Xia Y, Lu Y, Yang G, Chen C, Hu X, Song H, Deng L, Wang Y, Yi J, Wang B. Application of Nano-Crystalline Diamond in Tribology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2710. [PMID: 37049004 PMCID: PMC10096283 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nano-crystalline diamond has been extensively researched and applied in the fields of tribology, optics, quantum information and biomedicine. In virtue of its hardness, the highest in natural materials, diamond outperforms the other materials in terms of wear resistance. Compared to traditional single-crystalline and poly-crystalline diamonds, nano-crystalline diamond consists of disordered grains and thus possesses good toughness and self-sharpening. These merits render nano-crystalline diamonds to have great potential in tribology. Moreover, the re-nucleation of nano-crystalline diamond during preparation is beneficial to decreasing surface roughness due to its ultrafine grain size. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can have a friction coefficient as low as single-crystal diamonds. This article briefly introduces the approaches to preparing nano-crystalline diamond materials and summarizes their applications in the field of tribology. Firstly, nano-crystalline diamond powders can be used as additives in both oil- and water-based lubricants to significantly enhance their anti-wear property. Nano-crystalline diamond coatings can also act as self-lubricating films when they are deposited on different substrates, exhibiting excellent performance in friction reduction and wear resistance. In addition, the research works related to the tribological applications of nano-crystalline diamond composites have also been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yunxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chengke Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Lifen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuezhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chair of Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Boruah A, Roy K, Thakur A, Haldar S, Konwar R, Saikia P, Saikia BK. Biocompatible Nanodiamonds Derived from Coal Washery Rejects: Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Phytotoxic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11151-11160. [PMID: 37008143 PMCID: PMC10061642 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coal washery rejects (CWRs) are a major byproduct produced in coal washery industries. We have chemically derived biocompatible nanodiamonds (NDs) from CWRs toward a wide range of biological applications. The average particle sizes of the derived blue-emitting NDs are found to be in the range of 2-3.5 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the derived NDs depicts the crystalline structure with a d-spacing of 0.218 nm, which is attributed to the 100 lattice plane of a cubic diamond. The Fourier infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data revealed that the NDs are substantially functionalized with oxygen-containing functional groups. Interestingly, the CWR-derived NDs exhibit strong antiviral properties (high inhibition of 99.3% with an IC50 value of 7.664 μg/mL) and moderate antioxidant activity that widen the possibility of biomedical applications. In addition, toxicological effects of NDs on the wheatgrass seed germination and seedling growth showed minimal inhibition (<9%) at the highest tested concentration of 300.0 μg/mL. The study also provides intriguing prospects of CWRs for the creation of novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Boruah
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kallol Roy
- Biological
Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashutosh Thakur
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology
and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Biological
Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prasenjit Saikia
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Binoy K. Saikia
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Effect of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the tribological properties of lubricating oil: an experimental investigation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5201. [PMID: 35338221 PMCID: PMC8956660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-lubricants offer improved tribological properties in many applications, such as machines and engines. The presence of nanoparticles in the lubricating oil affects its wear, friction, thermal, chemical and physical properties in many ways. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising lubricant additive for enhanced engine efficiency. This article reports the effect of 10 W-30 pure base engine oil suspended TiO2 nanoparticles. Four different volume concentrations (0.01%, 0.025%, 0.050% and 0.075%) of TiO2 nanoparticles in the base lubricating oil are used for the analysis. The tribological tests were performed at ambient temperature as well as at 75 °C using a four ball tribometer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Alicona Inginite Focus G5 microscope were used to analyze the worn surface. The results show that the surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles can remarkably improve the load-carrying capacity, the friction reducing, and anti-wear abilities of the additive oil. The diameter of the wear trace and the coefficient of friction are the tribological properties analyzed for the nano-lubricant prepared at different volume concentration (VC). It was found that the diameter of the wear scar and the coefficient of friction increase with increasing VC of TiO2 nanoparticles in the lubricating oil. The main objective of the paper is to present the recent progress and, consequently, to develop a comprehensive understanding of the tribological behavior of engine oil mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Implanting MnO2 into Hexagonal Boron Nitride as Nanoadditives for Enhancing Tribological Performance. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNs) show great potential in the field of tribology due to their typical two-dimensional layered structure and are essential for replacing conventional sulfur/phosphate-containing additives. However, the large particle size and poor dispersion of h-BNs seriously restrict their green lubrication application. In this paper, MnO2@h-BNNs nanocomposites were successfully prepared by ultrasonically exfoliating a hydrothermal method. The tribological properties of MnO2@h-BNNs nanocomposites as lubricant additives in poly-alpha-olefin oil (PAO) were investigated. The results show the oil dispersed with 0.25 wt% MnO2@h-BNNs had the best friction reduction and antiwear effect with 42% and 11.2% reduction, respectively, compared with the plain oil. Through further wear surface analyzing, we verified the antiwear mechanism of additives in filling the micropits and grooves on the wear surface and forming a friction protection film including Fe2O3, MnO2, and BN on the wear surface, avoiding direct contact between the friction subsets. This can provide ideas for other lubricating oil additives.
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Urbaniak W, Majewski T, Powązka I, Śmigielski G, Petelska AD. Study of Nano h-BN Impact on Lubricating Properties of Selected Oil Mixtures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062052. [PMID: 35329507 PMCID: PMC8953908 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our experiments aimed to study the influence of layered materials with nanometric-scale particles, which are part of lubricant oils, on their tribological properties. The object of this study was a lubricant oil made using base oil PAO4, which contained nanoparticle hexagonal boron nitride (nano h-BN) and a dispersant based on succinic acid imide. Comparative tests for engine oil (CB30) were also performed. The paper presents the method of preparing the test material and the tribological test results, including wear spot diameter (wear mark), limit wear load, and seizure load. The test results obtained demonstrate that nano-hexagonal boron nitride improves the tribological properties of lubricant oils. However, oil preparation and the quantitative selection of components markedly influence the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Urbaniak
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicz 30, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (W.U.); (G.Ś.)
| | - Tomasz Majewski
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Armament and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 01-489 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Powązka
- SILESIA OIL SP. Z O.O., Wapienna 2, 43-174 Łaziska Górne, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Śmigielski
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicz 30, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (W.U.); (G.Ś.)
| | - Aneta D. Petelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Modified Nanodiamonds as a Means of Polymer Surface Functionalization. From Fouling Suppression to Biosensor Design. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112980. [PMID: 34835744 PMCID: PMC8624887 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of different methods for tuning surface properties is currently of great interest. The presented work is devoted to the use of modified nanodiamonds to control the wetting and biological fouling of polymers using optical sensors as an example. We have shown that, depending on the type of modification and the amount of nanodiamonds, the surface of the same fluorinated polymer can have both bactericidal properties and, on the contrary, good adhesion to the biomaterial. The precise control of wetting and biofouling properties of the surface was achieved by the optimization of the modified nanodiamonds thermal anchoring conditions. In vitro and in vivo tests have shown that the fixation of amine functional groups leads to inhibition of biological activity, while the presence of a large number of polar groups of mixed composition (amide and acid chloride) promotes adhesion of the biomaterial and allows one to create a biosensor on-site. A comprehensive study made it possible to establish that in the first 5 days the observed biosensor response is provided by cells adhered to the surface due to the cell wall interaction. On the 7th day, the cells are fixed by means of the polysaccharide matrix, which provides much better retention on the surface and a noticeably greater response to substrate injections. Nevertheless, it is important to note that even 1.5 h of incubation is sufficient for the formation of the reliable bioreceptor on the surface with the modified nanodiamonds. The approach demonstrated in this work makes it possible to easily and quickly isolate the microbiome on the surface of the sensor and perform the necessary studies of its substrate specificity or resistance to toxic effects.
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