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Izaguirre N, Erdocia X, Labidi J. Exploring chemical reactions to enhance thermal and dispersion stability of kraft and organosolv lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130518. [PMID: 38428757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lignin has been overlooked and used as a waste for long due to its complex and partially hydrophobic structure. Many efforts have been carried out to overcome these deficiencies and apply it as a high-value product, which are insufficient to reach the full potential of lignin in various advanced applications, since they require with procedures for the obtaining of more specific and fine-tuned chemical structures. This work focuses on the obtaining of differently structured hydrophilic lignins derived both from Kraft and organosolv isolation processes. The chemical structures of the different lignin types were studied, and the effect of the structural differences in the modification processes and their subsequent properties analyzed, valorizing their potential application for diverse purposes. The carboxymethylation and sulfomethylation reactions were carried out with the aim of enhancing the polarity of the lignin samples, while the methylation reaction aimed to obtain lignins with higher stability. The physicochemical analyses of the samples, carried out by FTIR, GPC, 31P NMR, 13C NMR, and HSQC NMR, verified the effectiveness of the chemical reactions and conditions selected, obtaining lignins with lower hydroxyl content, due to their substitution and insertion of carboxymetyl, sulfomethyl and methyl groups, therefore obtaining more condensed, aromatic and oxygenated aromatic carbon structures. While the methylation reaction was the most efficient in substituting the OH groups, due to its non-selectivity, OL showed higher modification yields than KL. In terms of the thermal and morphological properties, analyzed by DLS and TGA respectively, it was observed that the modified samples showed lower Z potential values, along with higher conductivity, being the sulfomethylated organosolv lignin the one showing the best results, which was also the one with the smallest particle size and polydispersity index. Finally, all the modified samples showed higher T50% values, suggesting a better stability towards degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Izaguirre
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Xabier Erdocia
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Rafael Moreno "Pichichi" 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia, Spain.
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2
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Tian R, Wang C, Jiang W, Janaswamy S, Yang G, Ji X, Lyu G. Biodegradable, Strong, and Hydrophobic Regenerated Cellulose Films Enriched with Esterified Lignin Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309651. [PMID: 38530065 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community is pursuing significant efforts worldwide to develop environmentally viable film materials from biomass, particularly transparent, high-performance regenerated cellulose (RC) films, to replace traditional plastics. However, the inferior mechanical performance and hydrophilic nature of RC films are generally not suitable for use as a substitute for plastics in practical applications. Herein, lignin homogenization is used to synthesize high-performance composite films. The esterified lignin nanoparticles (ELNPs) with dispersible and binding advantages are prepared through esterification and nanometrization. In the presence of ELNPs, RC films exhibit a higher tensile strength (110.4 MPa), hydrophobic nature (103.6° water contact angle, 36.6% water absorption at 120 min, and 1.127 × 10-12 g cm cm-2 s-1 Pa-1 water vapor permeability), and exciting optical properties (high visible and low ultraviolet transmittance). The films further display antioxidant activity, oxygen barrier ability, and thermostability. The films completely biodegrade at 12 and 30% soil moisture. Overall, this study offers new insights into lignin valorization and regenerated cellulose composite films as novel bioplastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Weikun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Srinivas Janaswamy
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Gaojin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
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Sun S, Vikrant K, Verma S, Boukhvalov DW, Kim KH. Diaminopropane-appended activated carbons for the adsorptive removal of gaseous formaldehyde using a portable indoor air purification unit. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:992-1005. [PMID: 37778154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
It is of significant practical interest to develop high-performance air purifier (AP) for removing carcinogenic volatile organic compounds present ubiquitously in indoor air (e.g., formaldehyde (FA)). In this regard, a portable AP system was designed by loading honeycomb ceramic filters with diaminopropane (DAP)-appended activated carbon (AC). The maximum removal efficiencies (REs) of AP loaded with 10, 20, 30, and 50 %-DAP/AC were 26.2, 28, 88.3, and 89.4 %, respectively, against 5 ppm FA (at 160 L min-1). Hence, the 30 % DAP unit was used mainly in this work. The removal efficiency of 30 %-DAP/AC (160 L min-1), when tested against 2 ppm FA, decreased from 90.3 to 73.2 % with an increase in relative humidity from 0 to 60 %. The performance of the AP unit, when assessed kinetically in terms of the clean air delivery rate (CADR), reached as high as 10.2 L min-1 at the flow rate of 160 L min-1. Isotherm analysis further demonstrated the complex multilayered adsorption behavior of FA. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the superiority of DAP/AC for FA adsorption can be attributed to the synergy of covalent (chemisorption) and non-covalent (pore filling and film diffusion) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Swati Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Wu X, Lian H, Li X, Xiao J. The mechanism of self-assembly of lignin in deep eutectic solvent based on sulfamic acid and urea through molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126664. [PMID: 37660860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the diversity of industrial lignin sources and the complexity of its structure, its application as a high-value material is limited. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a hotspot for research due to their advantages of high specific surface area and high dispersion and the solvent transfer method is commonly used for the preparation of LNPs. In this paper, LNPs were prepared by solvent transfer method using DES based on sulfamic acid and urea (S/U DES) as solvent and water as anti-solvent. To explore the internal mechanism of the self-assembly of nanoparticles, a theoretical model of the solvent system and model lignin compound was constructed with the assistance of quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics theories. Through classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the interaction energy, radius of gyration (ROG), solvent accessible surface area (SASS), radial and spatial distribution function (RDFs/SDFs), hydrogen bonding, and the morphology changes were analyzed to reveal the internal mechanism of self-assembly of model lignin compounds in S/U DES. This study is useful in revealing the mechanism of interaction between lignin and DES, as well as providing a benchmark for the green and efficient preparation of lignin nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hailan Lian
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Ahmed Tawfik M, Eltaweel MM, Farag MM, Shamsel-Din HA, Ibrahim AB. Sonophoresis-assisted transdermal delivery of antimigraine-loaded nanolipomers: Radio-tracking, histopathological assessment and in-vivo biodistribution study. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123338. [PMID: 37607646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurovascular polygenic disorder affecting life quality with escorted socioeconomic encumbrances. Herein, we investigated the consolidated amalgamation of passive lipomer approach alongside active sonophoresis assisted transdermal delivery of zolmitriptan (ZT) using high frequency ultrasound pre-treatment protocol to mitigate migraine attacks. A modified nanoprecipitation technique was utilized to prepare zolmitriptan loaded lipomers (ZTL) adopting 23 factorial design. Three factors were scrutinized namely lipid type, ZT: lipid ratio and ZT: Gantrez® ratio. The prepared systems were characterized regarding particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release studies. The best achieved ZTL system was evaluated for ZT- Gantrez® intermolecular interactions, drug crystallinity, morphology, ex-vivo permeation and histopathological examination. Finally, a comparative in-vivo biodistribution study through radiotracking technique using Technetium-99 m was adopted. L2 was the best-achieved ZTL system with respect to spherical particle size (390.7 nm), zeta-potential (-30.8 mV), PDI (0.2), entrapment efficiency (86.2%), controlled release profile, flux (147.13 μg/cm2/hr) and enhancement ratio (5.67). Histopathological studies proved the safety of L2 system upon application on skin. L2 revealed higher brain Cmax (12.21 %ID/g), prolonged brain MRT (8.67 hr), prolonged brain 0.23 hr), significantly high relative bioavailability (2929.36%) and similar brain Tmax (0.5 hr) compared to I.V. route with higher brain/blood ratio. Thus, sonophoresis assisted transdermal delivery of ZTL offers a propitious alterative to alleviate migraine symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ahmed Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mai M Eltaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Michael M Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Ibrahim
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt
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Du J, Wang H, Huang Z, Liu X, Yin X, Wu J, Lin W, Lin X, Yi G. Construction and mechanism study of lignin-based polyurethane with high strength and high self-healing properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125925. [PMID: 37499717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural polymer with abundant functional groups with great application prospects in lignin-based polyurethane elastomers with self-healing abilities. In this study, a lignin self-healing polyurethane (PUDA-L) was specially designed using lignin as the raw material of polyurethane, combining lignin with Diels-Alder (DA) bond and hydrogen bonds. The experimental results showed that PUDA-L was prepared with good thermal stability, fatigue resistance, shape memory effect, excellent mechanical strength, and self-healing ability by partially replacing the crosslinking agents with bio-based lignin and hydroxylated modified lignin to increase the hydroxyl content. Polyurethane has a tensile strength of up to 29 MPa and an elongation at break of up to 500 %. The excellent self-healing ability of PUDA-L originates from the internal DA bonds and cross-linked hydrogen bonds. After the dumbbell sample was fused and heated at 130 °C for 4 h, the elastomer could be completely healed, the tensile strength was restored to 29 MPa, and the self-healing efficiency was up to 100 %. The developed PUDA-L elastomer has promising applications in sensors and smart skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinshan Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Österberg M, Henn KA, Farooq M, Valle-Delgado JJ. Biobased Nanomaterials─The Role of Interfacial Interactions for Advanced Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2200-2241. [PMID: 36720130 PMCID: PMC9999428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances regarding biomass-based nanomaterials, focusing on their surface interactions. Plant biomass-based nanoparticles, like nanocellulose and lignin from industry side streams, hold great potential for the development of lightweight, functional, biodegradable, or recyclable material solutions for a sustainable circular bioeconomy. However, to obtain optimal properties of the nanoparticles and materials made thereof, it is crucial to control the interactions both during particle production and in applications. Herein we focus on the current understanding of these interactions. Solvent interactions during particle formation and production, as well as interactions with water, polymers, cells and other components in applications, are addressed. We concentrate on cellulose and lignin nanomaterials and their combination. We demonstrate how the surface chemistry of the nanomaterials affects these interactions and how excellent performance is only achieved when the interactions are controlled. We furthermore introduce suitable methods for probing interactions with nanomaterials, describe their advantages and challenges, and introduce some less commonly used methods and discuss their possible applications to gain a deeper understanding of the interfacial chemistry of biobased nanomaterials. Finally, some gaps in current understanding and interesting emerging research lines are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - K Alexander Henn
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
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Winotapun C, Hararak B, Treetong A, Chaloeijitkul K, Sane A. Self-assembly of colloidal lignin nanosphere particles blended with chitosan composite coated bagasse paper: An eco-friendly food packaging with antimicrobial properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gagosian VS, Claro FC, Schwarzer ACDA, Cruz JV, Thá EL, Trindade EDS, Magalhães WL, Pestana CB, Leme DM. The potential use of kraft lignins as natural ingredients for cosmetics: Evaluating their photoprotective activity and skin irritation potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2535-2544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Insights on the physico-chemical properties of alkali lignins from different agro-industrial residues and their use in phenol-formaldehyde wood adhesive formulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:149-162. [PMID: 36058399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigates for the first time the physico-chemical performances of lignins from cactus waste seeds (CWS) and spent coffee (SC) in comparison to previously isolated lignins from sugar byproducts (bagasse (SCB) and beet pulp (SBP)). In this work, lignin-phenol formaldehyde (LPF) resins were formulated using various lignin loadings (5-30 wt%), characterized and applied in the manufacturing of plywood panels. Several characterization techniques were applied to identify the chemical and morphological properties, thermal stability, and phenolic content of the extracted lignins, as well as the bonding strength and wood failure of the formulated resins. Results showed that the CWS and SC could be considered as an important source for lignin recovery with a considerable yield of 15.46 % and 27.08 % and an important hydroxyl phenolic content of 1.26 mmol/g and 1.36 mmol/g for CWS and SC, respectively. Interestingly, 20 wt% of extracted lignins in PF adhesives were the optimal formulation showing an improved modulus of elasticity (MOE) of about 3505, 3536 and 3515 N/mm2, and a higher modulus of rupture (MOR) of about 55, 55 and 56 N/mm2 for panels containing CWS, SC and SCB-lignins, respectively, over the reference panels (MOE = 3198 N/mm2 and MOR = 48 N/mm2). Additionally, formaldehyde emission from plywood remarkably decreases by up to 20 % when lignin was incorporated into the PF matrix. Herein, the treatment of the CWS and SC for the extraction of alkali lignin and its application showed a new route to produce high added-value products from underused residues.
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Saratale RG, Saratale GD, Ahn S, Shin HS. Grape Pomace Extracted Tannin for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Assessment of Their Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Potential and Antimicrobial Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4355. [PMID: 34960905 PMCID: PMC8703727 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In nanoscience, the "green" synthesis approach has received great interest as an eco-friendly and sustainable method for the fabrication of a wide array of nanoparticles. The present study accounts for an expeditious technique for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing fruit waste grape pomace extracted tannin. Grape pomace tannin (Ta) involved in the reduction and capping of AgNPs and leads to the formation of stable Ta-AgNPs. Various conditions were attempted to optimize the particle size and morphology of Ta-AgNPs which was further analyzed using various analytical tools for different characteristic motives. UV-visible spectroscopy showed a characteristic peak at 420 nm, indicating successful synthesis of AgNPs. Energy disperses spectroscopy (EDS) analysis proved the purity of the produced Ta-AgNPs and manifested a strong signal at -2.98 keV, while Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectra of the Ta-AgNPs displayed the existence of functional groups of tannin. Zeta potential measurements (-28.48 mV) showed that the Ta-AgNPs have reasonably good stability. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis confirmed the average dimension of the synthesized NPs was estimated about 15-20 nm. Ta-AgNPs potentials were confirmed by in vitro antidiabetic activity to constrain carbohydrate digesting enzymes, mainly α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with a definite concentration of sample displaying 50% inhibition (IC50), which is about 43.94 and 48.5 μg/mL, respectively. Synthesized Ta-AgNPs exhibited significant antioxidant potential with respect to its 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothi-azoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (IC50 of 40.98 µg/mL) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 of 53.98 µg/mL) free radical scavenging activities. Ta-AgNPs exhibited extraordinary antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic strains and showed comparable antimicrobial index against ampicillin as a positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (G.D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Somin Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (G.D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (G.D.S.); (S.A.)
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