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Xu C, Chao M, Liu Z, Liu Q, Zhang W, Zhuang L, Cheng B, Jiang B, Liu J, Song G. Tailoring of Circularly Polarized Beams Employing Bound States in the Continuum in a Designed Photonic Crystal Metasurface Nanostructure. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1405. [PMID: 39269066 PMCID: PMC11397696 DOI: 10.3390/nano14171405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
We propose a photonic crystal (PC) nanostructure that combines bound states In the continuum (BIC) with a high-quality factor up to 107 for emitting circularly polarized beams. We break the in-plane inversion symmetry of the unit cell by tilting the triangular hole of the hexagonal lattice, resulting in the conversion of a symmetrically protected BIC to a quasi-BIC. High-quality circularly polarized light is obtained efficiently by adjusting the tilt angles of the hole and the thickness of the PC layer. By changing the hole's geometry in the unit cell, the Q-factor of circularly polarized light is further improved. The quality factor can be adjusted from 6.0 × 103 to 1.7 × 107 by deliberately changing the shape of the holes. Notably, the proposed nanostructure exhibits a large bandgap, which significantly facilitates the generation of stable single-mode resonance. The proposed structure is anticipated to have practical applications in the field of laser technology, particularly in the advancement of low-threshold PC surface emitting lasers (PCSELs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Xu
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghao Chao
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Photonic Integrated Circuits, Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong'an New Area, Baoding 071700, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Laboratory of Photonic Integrated Circuits, Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong'an New Area, Baoding 071700, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Photonic Integrated Circuits, Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong'an New Area, Baoding 071700, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingyun Zhuang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Photonic Integrated Circuits, Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong'an New Area, Baoding 071700, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Photonic Integrated Circuits, Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong'an New Area, Baoding 071700, China
| | - Botao Jiang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jietao Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Photonics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guofeng Song
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Photonic Integrated Circuits, Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong'an New Area, Baoding 071700, China
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Liu J, Dai H, Ju J, Cheng K. A triple Fano resonance Si-graphene metasurface for multi-channel tunable ultra-narrow band sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9462-9474. [PMID: 38446428 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a dielectric metasurface composed of a silicon nanodisk etched with a square hole is proposed. By introducing C4v symmetry breaking, the symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BIC) is transformed into a quasi-BIC (Q-BIC), simultaneously inducing triple Fano resonances in the near-infrared light band corresponding to one dipole and two Q-BIC resonances. The characteristics of Q-BIC resonances are elucidated through multipole decomposition and near-field distribution analysis. Subsequently, monolayer graphene is integrated into the Si metasurface. The light field in the composite metasurface can be flexibly modulated by changing the Fermi level of graphene. This modulation enables optimal transmission with an enhancement of up to 252%, while the confined electromagnetic energy experiences a remarkable increase of about 1020%. Simulation results demonstrate that the Si-graphene composite metasurface exhibits a high refractive index sensitivity of 162 nm RIU-1, accompanied by a figure of merit of 170.526 RIU-1. This composite metasurface holds promise as a high-performance sensor in the near-infrared band and has potential for application in the fields of active tunable optical devices and biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Liu
- College of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Hongxiang Dai
- College of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Jiaqi Ju
- College of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Ke Cheng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zheng H, Zheng Y, Ouyang M, Fan H, Dai Q, Liu H, Wu L. Electromagnetically induced transparency enabled by quasi-bound states in the continuum modulated by epsilon-near-zero materials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7318-7331. [PMID: 38439415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Highly tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with high-quality-factor (Q-factor) excited by combining with the quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) resonances is crucial for many applications. This paper describes all-dielectric metasurface composed of silicon cuboid etched with two rectangular holes into a unit cell and periodically arranged on a SiO2 substrate. By breaking the C2 rotational symmetry of the unit cell, a high-Q factor EIT and double quasi-BIC resonant modes are excited at 1224.3, 1251.9 and 1299.6 nm with quality factors of 7604, 10064 and 15503, respectively. We show that the EIT resonance is caused by destructive interference between magnetic dipole resonances and quasi-BIC dominated by electric quadrupole. Toroidal dipole (TD) and electric quadrupole (EQ) dominate the other two quasi-BICs. The EIT window can be successfully modulated with transmission intensity from 90% to 5% and modulation depths ranging from -17 to 24 dB at 1200-1250 nm by integrating the metasurface with an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material indium tin oxide (ITO) film. Our findings pave the way for the development of applications such as optical switches and modulators with many potential applications in nonlinear optics, filters, and multichannel biosensors.
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Hu H, Weber T, Bienek O, Wester A, Hüttenhofer L, Sharp ID, Maier SA, Tittl A, Cortés E. Catalytic Metasurfaces Empowered by Bound States in the Continuum. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13057-13068. [PMID: 35953078 PMCID: PMC9413421 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic platforms based on ultrathin reactive materials facilitate carrier transport and extraction but are typically restricted to a narrow set of materials and spectral operating ranges due to limited absorption and poor energy-tuning possibilities. Metasurfaces, a class of 2D artificial materials based on the electromagnetic design of nanophotonic resonators, allow optical absorption engineering for a wide range of materials. Moreover, tailored resonances in nanostructured materials enable strong absorption enhancement and thus carrier multiplication. Here, we develop an ultrathin catalytic metasurface platform that leverages the combination of loss-engineered substoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2-x) and the emerging physical concept of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) to boost photocatalytic activity and provide broad spectral tunability. We demonstrate that our platform reaches the condition of critical light coupling in a TiO2-x BIC metasurface, thus providing a general framework for maximizing light-matter interactions in diverse photocatalytic materials. This approach can avoid the long-standing drawbacks of many naturally occurring semiconductor-based ultrathin films applied in photocatalysis, such as poor spectral tunability and limited absorption manipulation. Our results are broadly applicable to fields beyond photocatalysis, including photovoltaics and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hu
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Bienek
- Walter
Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alwin Wester
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ludwig Hüttenhofer
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Walter
Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technical University Munich, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University
Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The
Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
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Wang Y, Zhou C, Huo Y, Cui P, Song M, Liu T, Zhao C, Liao Z, Zhang Z, Xie Y. Efficient Excitation and Tuning of Multi-Fano Resonances with High Q-Factor in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2292. [PMID: 35808128 PMCID: PMC9268095 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exciting Fano resonance can improve the quality factor (Q-factor) and enhance the light energy utilization rate of optical devices. However, due to the large inherent loss of metals and the limitation of phase matching, traditional optical devices based on surface plasmon resonance cannot obtain a larger Q-factor. In this study, a silicon square-hole nano disk (SHND) array device is proposed and studied numerically. The results show that, by breaking the symmetry of the SHND structure and transforming an ideal bound state in the continuum (BIC) with an infinite Q-factor into a quasi-BIC with a finite Q-factor, three Fano resonances can be realized. The calculation results also show that the three Fano resonances with narrow linewidth can produce significant local electric and magnetic field enhancements: the highest Q-factor value reaches 35,837, and the modulation depth of those Fano resonances can reach almost 100%. Considering these properties, the SHND structure realizes multi-Fano resonances with a high Q-factor, narrow line width, large modulation depth and high near-field enhancement, which could provide a new method for applications such as multi-wavelength communications, lasing, and nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhou
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yiping Huo
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meina Song
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuxiong Liao
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongyue Zhang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Optical Information Manipulation and Augmentation, School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.); (P.C.); (M.S.); (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - You Xie
- College of Science, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
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