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Ibrahim MA, Salama A, Zahran F, Abdelfattah MS, Alsalme A, Bechelany M, Barhoum A. Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystals/carboxymethyl cellulose/zeolite membranes for methylene blue dye removal: understanding factors, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamic isotherms. Front Chem 2024; 12:1330810. [PMID: 38370094 PMCID: PMC10869571 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1330810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces environmentally-friendly nanocellulose-based membranes for AZO dye (methylene blue, MB) removal from wastewater. These membranes, made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), zeolite, and citric acid, aim to offer eco-friendly water treatment solutions. CNCs, obtained from sugarcane bagasse, act as the foundational material for the membranes. The study aims to investigate both the composition of the membranes (CMC/CNC/zeolite/citric acid) and the critical adsorption factors (initial MB concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH) that impact the removal of the dye. After systematic experimentation, the optimal membrane composition is identified as 60% CNC, 15% CMC, 20% zeolites, and 5% citric acid. This composition achieved a 79.9% dye removal efficiency and a 38.3 mg/g adsorption capacity at pH 7. The optimized membrane exhibited enhanced MB dye removal under specific conditions, including a 50 mg adsorbent mass, 50 ppm dye concentration, 50 mL solution volume, 120-min contact time, and a temperature of 25°C. Increasing pH from neutral to alkaline enhances MB dye removal efficiency from 79.9% to 94.5%, with the adsorption capacity rising from 38.3 mg/g to 76.5 mg/g. The study extended to study the MB adsorption mechanisms, revealing the chemisorption of MB dye with pseudo-second-order kinetics. Chemical thermodynamic experiments determine the Freundlich isotherm as the apt model for MB dye adsorption on the membrane surface. In conclusion, this study successfully develops nanocellulose-based membranes for efficient AZO dye removal, contributing to sustainable water treatment technologies and environmental preservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmed Ibrahim
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Production and R&D Unit, NanoFab Technology Company, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salama
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fouad Zahran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Gulf University for Science and Technology, GUST, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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