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Fernandes J, Kang S. Thermal dynamics of gold nanoshell dimers under femtosecond laser pulse irradiation: A numerical approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3773. [PMID: 37723125 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical investigation of the photothermal response of gold nanoshell (AuNS) dimers when subjected to femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. The time-varying temperature fields for core-shell AuNS dimers are quantified by implementing finite element modeling, integrating the electromagnetic and thermal dual-physics simulations. Given the ultrafast nature of laser pulses, we employ a two-temperature model to accurately portray the energy transfer from excited electrons to the lattice system, a process typically completed post pulse-termination. The temporal analysis of the temperature in the AuNS and the surrounding medium, together with the spatial temperature distribution under different separation distances, elucidates the processes that drive the AuNS dimers' transient temperature distribution and heat dissipation. We report on the critical effects of geometrical parameters on the photothermal response, demonstrating that thinner shells maximize the total deposited energy per unit volume, resulting in increased temperature fields, while decreasing separation distances result in excessive field amplification due to plasmonic modes' production. Our robust numerical approach, enabling simulations with tunable material properties and configurations, may help design nanomaterials with desired features for photothermal cancer treatment and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmo Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Lin R, Zhang J, Gao W, Wang X, Lv S, Lam KH, Gong X. A Miniature Multi-Functional Photoacoustic Probe. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1269. [PMID: 37374854 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic technology is a promising tool to provide morphological and functional information in biomedical research. To enhance the imaging efficiency, the reported photoacoustic probes have been designed coaxially involving complicated optical/acoustic prisms to bypass the opaque piezoelectric layer of ultrasound transducers, but this has led to bulky probes and has hindered the applications in limited space. Though the emergence of transparent piezoelectric materials helps to save effort on the coaxial design, the reported transparent ultrasound transducers were still bulky. In this work, a miniature photoacoustic probe with an outer diameter of 4 mm was developed, in which an acoustic stack was made with a combination of transparent piezoelectric material and a gradient-index lens as a backing layer. The transparent ultrasound transducer exhibited a high center frequency of ~47 MHz and a -6 dB bandwidth of 29.4%, which could be easily assembled with a pigtailed ferrule of a single-mode fiber. The multi-functional capability of the probe was successfully validated through experiments of fluid flow sensing and photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiatian Wang
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengmiao Lv
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kwok-Ho Lam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Medical and Industrial Ultrasonics, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Xiaojing Gong
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Suarasan S, Campu A, Vulpoi A, Banciu M, Astilean S. Assessing the Efficiency of Triangular Gold Nanoparticles as NIR Photothermal Agents In Vitro and Melanoma Tumor Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213724. [PMID: 36430201 PMCID: PMC9695152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is gaining a lot of interest as a cancer treatment option with minimal side effects due to the efficient photothermal agents employed. They are based on nanomaterials that, upon laser irradiation, absorb photon energy and convert it into heat to induce hyperthermia, which destroys the cancer cells. Here, the unique light-to-heat conversion features of three different gold nanotriangular nanoparticles (AuNTs) are evaluated with respect to their absorption properties to select the most efficient nanoheater with the highest potential to operate as an efficient photothermal agent. AuNTs with LSPR response in- and out- of resonance with the 785 nm near-infrared (NIR) excitation wavelength are investigated. Upon 15 min laser exposure, the AuNTs that exhibit a plasmonic response in resonance with the 785 nm laser line show the highest photothermal conversion efficacy of 80%, which correlates with a temperature increase of 22 °C. These photothermal properties are well-preserved in agarose-based skin biological phantoms that mimic the melanoma tumoral tissue and surrounding healthy tissue. Finally, in vitro studies on B16.F10 melanoma cells prove by fluorescence staining and MTT assay that the highest phototoxic effect after NIR laser exposure is induced by AuNTs with LSPR response in resonance with the employed laser line, thus demonstrating their potential implementation as efficient photothermal agents in PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Suarasan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreea Campu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Astilean
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Biomolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Str., 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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The Thermal Dose of Photothermal Therapy Generates Differential Immunogenicity in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061447. [PMID: 35326601 PMCID: PMC8945975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an effective method for tumor eradication and has been successfully combined with immunotherapy. However, besides its cytotoxic effects, little is known about the effect of the PTT thermal dose on the immunogenicity of treated tumor cells. Therefore, we administered a range of thermal doses using Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) and assessed their effects on tumor cell death and concomitant immunogenicity correlates in two human neuroblastoma cell lines: SH-SY5Y (MYCN-non-amplified) and LAN-1 (MYCN-amplified). PBNP-PTT generated thermal dose-dependent tumor cell killing and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in both tumor lines in vitro. However, the effect of the thermal dose on ICD and the expression of costimulatory molecules, immune checkpoint molecules, major histocompatibility complexes, an NK cell-activating ligand, and a neuroblastoma-associated antigen were significantly more pronounced in SH-SY5Y cells compared with LAN-1 cells, consistent with the high-risk phenotype of LAN-1 cells. In functional co-culture studies in vitro, T cells exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells relative to LAN-1 cells at equivalent thermal doses. This preliminary report suggests the importance of moving past the traditional focus of using PTT solely for tumor eradication to one that considers the immunogenic effects of PTT thermal dose to facilitate its success in cancer immunotherapy.
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Salimi M, Mosca S, Gardner B, Palombo F, Matousek P, Stone N. Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Therapy Limitation in Clinical Applications Regarding Pain Management. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060922. [PMID: 35335735 PMCID: PMC8951621 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new effective cancer treatment methods has attracted much attention, mainly due to the limited efficacy and considerable side effects of currently used cancer treatment methods such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Photothermal therapy based on the use of plasmonically resonant metallic nanoparticles has emerged as a promising technique to eradicate cancer cells selectively. In this method, plasmonic nanoparticles are first preferentially uptaken by a tumor and then selectively heated by exposure to laser radiation with a specific plasmonic resonant wavelength, to destroy the tumor whilst minimizing damage to adjacent normal tissue. However, several parameters can limit the effectiveness of photothermal therapy, resulting in insufficient heating and potentially leading to cancer recurrence. One of these parameters is the patient’s pain sensation during the treatment, if this is performed without use of anesthetic. Pain can restrict the level of applicable laser radiation, cause an interruption to the treatment course and, as such, affect its efficacy, as well as leading to a negative patient experience and consequential general population hesitancy to this type of therapy. Since having a comfortable and painless procedure is one of the important treatment goals in the clinic, along with its high effectiveness, and due to the relatively low number of studies devoted to this specific topic, we have compiled this review. Moreover, non-invasive and painless methods for temperature measurement during photothermal therapy (PTT), such as Raman spectroscopy and nanothermometry, will be discussed in the following. Here, we firstly outline the physical phenomena underlying the photothermal therapy, and then discuss studies devoted to photothermal cancer treatment concerning pain management and pathways for improved efficiency of photothermal therapy whilst minimizing pain experienced by the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Salimi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, The Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK;
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Palombo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, The Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +44-1235-445377 (P.M.); +44-1392-726531 (N.S.)
| | - Nicholas Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (N.S.); Tel.: +44-1235-445377 (P.M.); +44-1392-726531 (N.S.)
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Hai Y, Wang H, Qiu Y, Huang R, Zhao L, Xu H, Dong Z, Zhang L, Sun W, Zhang S. Optimization of endothelial growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody-gold nanorods photothermal therapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3262-3274. [PMID: 35067164 PMCID: PMC8974016 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2025517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It reported that heat generated by near-infrared laser irradiation of gold nanorods (AuNRs) effectively inhibited tumor cells, and the conjugate of epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (EGFRmAb) and gold nanorods could selectively binded to the surface of cancer cell membrane expressing EGFR. However, there are few research reports on EGFRmAb-AuNRs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the photothermal effect of EGFRmAb modified AuNRs in inducing tumor cell death in an animal model of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We showed that the conjugates of EGFRmAb and AuNRs selectively entered laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. We analyzed the parameters of laser irradiation by controlling the near-infrared to optimize the condition and procedure of targeted treatment in nude mice treated with EGFRmAb and AuNRs. In addition, we examined the safety of the combined therapy. Test results showed that EGFRmAb-AuNRs inhibited the growth of Hep-2 and CNE-2 cells but not normal epithelial cells, and the semi-inhibitor concentration of EGFRmAb in Hep-2 and CNE-2 cells was 4 pmol/ml and 2 pmol/ml, respectively. AuNRs injected into the tumor and irradiated by near-infrared laser effectively inhibited tumor growth in nude mice without toxic effect in mice. We further confirmed that the apoptosis and necrosis rates of tumor cells in mice were highest under 3 W/cm2 near-infrared laser irradiation and AuNRs minimum concentration of 280 μg/kg. In conclusion, we developed a new method of targeting EGFRmAb combined with AuNRs to achieve photothermal effect in the treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youyu Qiu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Renchao Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liufang Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongyang Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zichen Dong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weidi Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Shell thickness-dependent Au@Ag nanorods aggregates for rapid detection of thiram. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ablation of Red Stable Transfected Claudin Expressing Canine Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Transitional Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines by C-CPE Gold-Nanoparticle-Mediated Laser Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212289. [PMID: 34830170 PMCID: PMC8618062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin (CLDN) proteins are commonly expressed in cancers and targeted in novel therapeutic approaches. The C-terminal of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) efficiently binds several claudins. In this study, recombinant C-CPE conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been used for prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell killing in vitro using gold-nanoparticle-mediated laser perforation (GNOME-LP). A PAC and TCC cell lines, as well as red fluorescence variants, allowing deep tissue imaging, were used. CLDN-3, -4, and -7 expression was confirmed by qPCR and immunofluorescences. The binding of C-CPE-AuNPs complexes on the cell surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, transcriptome analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of C-CPE binder on the biological response of treated cells. Directed C-CPE-AuNP binding verified the capability to target CLDN receptors. Transcriptome analysis showed that C-CPE binding may activate immune and inflammatory responses but does not directly affect cell survival. Cancer cells ablation was demonstrated using a combination of GNOME-LP and C-CPE-AuNPs treatment reducing tumor cell viability to less than 10% depending on cell line. The fluorescent cell lines and the verified proof of concept in vitro provide the basis for perspective xenograft studies in an animal model.
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Biointeraction of Erythrocyte Ghost Membranes with Gold Nanoparticles Fluorescents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216390. [PMID: 34771916 PMCID: PMC8585292 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of new technologies for treatments against different diseases is increasingly innovative and effective. In the case of nanomedicine, the combination of nanoparticles with biological membranes consists of a “camouflage” technique, which improves biological interaction and minimizes the secondary effects caused by these remedies. In this work, gold nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction (Turkevich ≈13 nm) were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate to amplify their optical properties. Fluorescent nanoparticles were deposited onto the surface of hemoglobin-free erythrocytes. Ghost erythrocytes were obtained from red blood cells by density gradient separation in a hypotonic medium and characterized with fluorescence, optical, and electron microscopy; the average size of erythrocyte ghosts was 9 µm. Results show that the functional groups of sodium citrate (COO-) and fluorophore (-N=C=S) adhere by electrostatic attraction to the surface of the hemoglobin-free erythrocyte membrane, forming the membrane–particle–fluorophore. These interactions can contribute to imaging applications, by increasing the sensitivity of measurement caused by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence, in the context of biological membranes.
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Xing L, Li D, Chen B, Gan H, Zhong Y. Theoretical and in vivo investigations of morphology and concentration of gold nanoparticles for laser surgery. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:433-446. [PMID: 34605557 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Precise control of the thermal damage is critical during thermal therapy with the assistance of gold nanoparticles, which depends on the laser parameters and characteristics of gold nanoparticles. However, the current understanding of the relationship between the gold nanoparticles/incident laser light and the efficiency of photothermal therapy is limited, which should be studied systematically. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, theoretical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of laser wavelength, the size and shape of gold nanoparticles, and the distance of the particle in complex nanostructures on the optical properties and temperature distribution after laser irradiation, aiming to achieve maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and therapeutic effect during the laser treatment of port wine stains. Thereafter, gold nanoparticles were prepared and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect on thermal damage of blood vessels. RESULTS For the laser wavelength at 532 nm, gold nanospheres with diameters of 20 nm are ideal in terms of temperature rise. The optimized particle distance is 5 nm and the corresponding concentration is 0.26 mg/ml. For Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm, gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of 6.3 and an effective radius of 12.7 nm are the most effective photothermal agents. The optimized particle distance is 4 nm, yielding the optimal concentration of 0.017 mg/ml. In vivo results demonstrated that using gold nanoparticles following our simulations as photothermal agents can greatly enhance the thermal damage of diseased blood vessels, reducing the laser energy and laser pulses required for the obvious thermal response of blood vessels. CONCLUSION For different laser wavelengths used in clinics in the near future, theoretical models presented in this study can be employed to obtain the morphology of single gold nanoparticle and the concentration of nanoparticles solutions, thereby obtaining the optimal photothermal conversion and enhanced thermal damage assisted by gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhuang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwan Gan
- Department of Dermatology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Guglielmelli A, Rosa P, Contardi M, Prato M, Mangino G, Miglietta S, Petrozza V, Pani R, Calogero A, Athanassiou A, Perotto G, De Sio L. Biomimetic keratin gold nanoparticle-mediated in vitro photothermal therapy on glioblastoma multiforme. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:121-138. [PMID: 33426900 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To realize and characterize a new generation of keratin-coated gold nanoparticles (Ker-AuNPs) as highly efficient photosensitive nanosized therapeutics for plasmonic photothermal (PPT) therapy. Materials & methods: The chemical, physical, morphological and photothermal properties of Ker-AuNPs are investigated using dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution thermography. In vitro experiments are performed on a human glioblastoma cell line (i.e., U87-MG), using viability assays, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, cytometric analyses and PPT experiments. Results: Experiments confirm the excellent biocompatibility of Ker-AuNPs, their efficient cellular uptake and localized photothermal heating capabilities. Conclusion: The reported structural and functional properties pointed out these Ker-AuNPs as a promising new tool in the field of biocompatible photothermal agents for PPT treatments against cancer-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Guglielmelli
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy.,CNR-Lab. LiCryl, Institute NANOTEC, Arcavacata di Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Marco Contardi
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genoa 30, 16163, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genova 30, 16163, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli, Rome 50, 00161, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Perotto
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genoa 30, 16163, Italy
| | - Luciano De Sio
- CNR-Lab. LiCryl, Institute NANOTEC, Arcavacata di Rende 87036, Italy.,Department of Medico-surgical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Center for Biophotonics, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina 79, 04100, Italy
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Synthesis and Stabilization of Support-Free Mesoporous Gold Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061107. [PMID: 32503247 PMCID: PMC7353302 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous gold nanoparticles (PGNs) are usually prepared in an immobilized form on a solid substrate, which is not practical in many applications. In this work, a simple method is reported for the preparation and stabilization of mesoporous gold particles of a few hundred nanometers in size in aqueous suspension. Nanoparticles of Ag-Au alloy were fabricated on CaF2 and Si/SiO2 substrates by the solid-state dewetting method. Silver was selectively dissolved (dealloyed), and the resulting porous gold nanoparticles were chemically removed from the substrate either in a concerted step with dealloying, or in a subsequent step. Nitric acid was used for the one-step dealloying and detachment of the particles from CaF2 substrate. The consecutive use of HNO3 and HF resulted in the dealloying and the subsequent detachment of the particles from Si/SiO2 substrate. The PGNs were recovered from the aqueous suspensions by centrifugation. The Au content of the suspensions was monitored by using elemental analysis (ICP-OES), and recovery was optimized. The morphology and the optical characteristics of the support-free PGNs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), and near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIR). The obtained PGNs are spherical disk-shaped with a mean particle size of 765 ± 149 nm. The suspended, support-free PGNs display an ideally narrow dipole plasmon peak at around 1450 nm in the NIR spectral region. Thus, the new colloidal PGNs are ideal candidates for biomedical applications, for instance photothermal therapy.
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Moros M, Lewinska A, Merola F, Ferraro P, Wnuk M, Tino A, Tortiglione C. Gold Nanorods and Nanoprisms Mediate Different Photothermal Cell Death Mechanisms In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13718-13730. [PMID: 32134240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an efficient method of inducing localized hyperthermia and can be achieved using gold nanoparticles as photothermal agents. However, there are many hurdles to get over before this therapy can safely reach the clinics, including nanoparticles' optimal shape and the accurate prediction of cellular responses. Here, we describe the synthesis of gold nanorods and nanoprisms with similar surface plasmon resonances in the near-infrared (NIR) and comparable photothermal conversion efficiencies and characterize the response to NIR irradiation in two biological systems, melanoma cells and the small invertebrate Hydra vulgaris. By integrating animal, cellular, and molecular biology approaches, we show a diverse outcome of nanorods and nanoprisms on the two systems, sustained by the elicitation of different pathways, from necrosis to programmed cell death mechanisms (apoptosis and necroptosis). The comparative multilevel analysis shows great accuracy of in vivo invertebrate models to predict overall responses to photothermal challenging and superior photothermal performance of nanoprisms. Understanding the molecular pathways of these responses may help develop optimized nanoheaters that, safe by design, may improve PTT efficacy for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moros
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Francesco Merola
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Angela Tino
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Tortiglione
- Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti "Eduardo Caianiello", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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14
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Nisar MS, Kang S, Zhao X. Photothermal Effect in Plasmonic Nanotip for LSPR Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030671. [PMID: 31991744 PMCID: PMC7039235 DOI: 10.3390/s20030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of heat generation on the conventional process of LSPR based sensing has not been explored thus far. Therefore, a need exists to draw attention toward the heat generation issue during LSPR sensing as it may affect the refractive index of the analyte, leading to incorrect sensory conclusions. This manuscript addresses the connection between the photo-thermal effect and LSPR. We numerically analyzed the heat performance of a gold cladded nanotip. The numerical results predict a change in the micro-scale temperature in the microenvironment near the nanotip. These numerical results predict a temperature increase of more than 20 K near the apex of the nanotip, which depends on numerous factors including the input optical power and the diameter of the fiber. We analytically show that this change in the temperature influences a change in the refractive index of the microenvironment in the vicinity of the nanotip. In accordance with our numerical and analytical findings, we experimentally show an LSPR shift induced by a change in the input power of the source. We believe that our work will bring the importance of temperature dependence in nanotip based LSPR sensing to the fore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shemyal Nisar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Siyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiangwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (M.S.N.); (S.K.)
- Southeast University-Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Nie C, Du P, Zhao H, Xie H, Li Y, Yao L, Shi Y, Hu L, Si S, Zhang M, Gu J, Luo L, Sun Z. Ag@TiO 2 Nanoprisms with Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion for Melanoma Therapy. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:148-155. [PMID: 31802635 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a primary reason of death from skin cancer and associated with high lethality. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been developed into a powerful cancer treatment technique in recent years. Here, we created a low-cost and high-performance PTT agent, Ag@TiO2 NPs, which possesses a high photothermal conversion efficiency of ≈65 % and strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption about 808 nm. Ag NPs were synthesized using a two-step method and coated with TiO2 to obtain Ag@TiO2 NPs by a facile sol-gel method. Because of the oxide, Ag@TiO2 NPs exhibit remarkable high photothermal conversion efficiencies and biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. Cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficiency of photothermal cytotoxicity of Ag@TiO2 NPs were tested in B16-F10 cells and C57BL/6J mice. Under light irradiation, the elevated temperature causes cell death in Ag NPs-treated (100 μg mL-1 ) cells in vitro (both p<0.01). In the case of subcutaneous melanoma tumor model, Ag@TiO2 NPs (100 μg mL-1 ) were injected into the tumor and irradiated with a 808 nm laser of 2 W cm-2 for 1 minute. As a consequence, the tumor volume gradually decreased by NIR laser irradiation with only a single treatment. The results demonstrate that Ag@TiO2 NPs are biocompatible and an attractive photothermal agent for cutaneous melanoma by local delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Peng Du
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Energy, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China.,Research Institute, Ningde Amperex Technology Limited, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Hainan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Li Yao
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Lianna Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Shaoyan Si
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Maonian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 301st Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jianwen Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100100, China
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Energy, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100124, China
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16
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Xiang H, Hu Z, Billot L, Aigouy L, Chen Z. Hybrid plasmonic gold-nanorod-platinum short-wave infrared photodetectors with fast response. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18124-18131. [PMID: 31506660 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short-wave infrared (SWIR) photodetectors, sensitive to the wavelength range between 1 and 3 μm, are essential components for various applications, which constantly demand devices with a lower cost, a higher responsivity and a faster response. In this work, a new hybrid device structure is presented for SWIR photodetection composing a coupling between solution-processed colloidal plasmonic gold (Au) NRs and a morphology-optimized resistive platinum (Pt) microwire. Pt microwires harvest efficiently the photothermal effect of Au NRs and in return generating a change of device resistance. A fast photon-heat-resistance conversion happens in these Au-NRs/Pt photodetectors exhibiting a response (rise) time of 97 μs under the illumination of a λ = 1.5 μm laser. Clear photoresponse can be observed in these devices at a laser illumination with a modulation frequency up to 50 kHz. The photoresponsivity of the current devices reached 4500 Ω W-1 under a laser power of 0.2 mW, which is equivalent to a responsivity of 340 mA W-1 under a DC bias of 1 V. A series of mapping experiments were performed providing a direct correlation between Au NRs and the device zone where resistance change happens under a laser illumination modulated at different frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyang Xiang
- LPEM, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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17
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Wang Z, Chang ZM, Shao D, Zhang F, Chen F, Li L, Ge MF, Hu R, Zheng X, Wang Y, Dong WF. Janus Gold Triangle-Mesoporous Silica Nanoplatforms for Hypoxia-Activated Radio-Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Liver Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34755-34765. [PMID: 31474108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiation dosage constraints and hypoxia-associated resistance lead to the failure of radiotherapy (RT), especially in hypoxic liver cancer. Therefore, the intricate use of combined strategies for potentiating and complementing RT is especially important. In this work, we fabricated multifunctional Janus-structured gold triangle-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NPs) as multifunctional platforms to deliver the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) for extrinsic radiosensitization, local photothermal therapy, and hypoxia-specific chemotherapy. The subsequent conjugation of folic acid-linked poly(ethylene glycol) provided the Janus nanoplatforms with liver cancer targeting and minimized opsonization properties. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the combined radiosensitive and photothermal antitumor effects of the Janus nanoplatforms. Importantly, the TPZ-loaded Janus nanoplatforms exhibited pH-responsive release behavior, which effectively improved the cellular internalization and therapeutic efficiency in hypoxic rather than normoxic liver cancer cells. Hypoxia-specific chemotherapy supplemented the ineffectiveness of radio-photothermal therapy in hypoxic tumor tissues, resulting in remarkable tumor growth inhibition without systematic toxicity. Therefore, our Janus nanoplatforms integrated radio-chemo-photothermal therapy in a hypoxia-activated manner, providing an efficient and safe strategy for treating liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
| | - Zhi-Min Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
| | - Dan Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , China
| | - Fangman Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
| | - Ming-Feng Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital , No. 26 Daoqian RD , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanomedicine Engineering Laboratory of Jilin Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics , Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215163 , China
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18
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Navyatha B, Nara S. Gold nanostructures as cancer theranostic probe: promises and hurdles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:766-796. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanostructures (GNSts) have emerged as substitute for conventional contrast agents in imaging techniques and therapeutic probes due to their tunable surface plasmon resonance and optical properties in near-infrared region. Thus GNSts provide platform for the amalgamation of diagnosis and treatment (theranostics) into a single molecule for a more precise treatment. Hence, the article talks about the application of GNSts in imaging techniques and provide a holistic view on differently shaped GNSts in cancer theranostics. However, with promises GNSts also face various hurdles for their use as theranostic probe which are primarily associated with toxicity. Finally, the article attempts to discuss the challenges faced by GNSts and the way ahead that need to be traversed to place them in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bankuru Navyatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
| | - Seema Nara
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 211004, India
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19
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Liu W, Li B, Gao H, Wang D, Wang L, Yang Z, Cao H, He W, Wang H, Zhang J, Xing Y. The application of small organic π-conjugated discotic derivatives in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal conversion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:035705. [PMID: 30444728 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaea25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared absorbing dyes are catching people's attention as they are committed to find materials with greater photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) effect. In this study, a new series of organic π-conjugated discotic derivatives synthesized via [2 + 2] click chemistry were introduced. The PA intensity and PT conversion effect of the derivatives were monitored. It was found that the π-conjugated discotic derivatives had a proper absorption peak and PA intensity by introducing the click regents. Furthermore, the PA intensity remained relatively high, while B12 molecules were embedded in hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer of liposomes (B12⊂L). The application in biological therapy for tumors become possible as the toxicity of B12⊂L was low. What's more, when B12 molecules embedded in poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly (2-nitrobenzyl methacrylate) (PNIPAM-b-PNBM) thermosensitive micelles were irradiated by laser, the molecules could take the place of direct temperature stimulus. This work affords us a way to solve the problem in which direct temperature stimulus is inapplicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Liu
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Detection of Intracellular Gold Nanoparticles: An Overview. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11060882. [PMID: 29795017 PMCID: PMC6025619 DOI: 10.3390/ma11060882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) takes advantage of unique properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (nanospheres, nanoshells (AuNSs), nanorods (AuNRs)) to destroy cancer cells or tumor tissues. This is made possible thanks principally to both to the so-called near-infrared biological transparency window, characterized by wavelengths falling in the range 700–1100 nm, where light has its maximum depth of penetration in tissue, and to the efficiency of cellular uptake mechanisms of AuNPs. Consequently, the possible identification of intracellular AuNPs plays a key role for estimating the effectiveness of PTT treatments. Here, we review the recognized detection techniques of such intracellular probes with a special emphasis to the exploitation of near-infrared biological transparency window.
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