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Mücke D, Liang B, Wang Z, Qi H, Dong R, Feng X, Kaiser U. In-situ imaging of heat-induced phase transition in a two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework. Micron 2024; 184:103677. [PMID: 38878605 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Atomically-resolved in-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging of the structural dynamics in organic materials remains a major challenge. This difficulty persists even with aberration-corrected instruments, as HRTEM images necessitate a high electron dose that is generally intolerable for organic materials. In this study, we report the in-situ HRTEM imaging of heat-induced structural dynamics in a benzenehexathiol-based two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework (2D c-MOF, i.e., Cu3(BHT)). Leveraging its hydrogen-free structure and high electrical conductivity, Cu3(BHT) exhibits high electron beam resistance. We demonstrate atomic resolution imaging at an 80 kV electron accelerating voltage using our Cc/Cs-corrected SALVE instrument. However, continuous electron irradiation eventually leads to its amorphization. Intriguingly, under heating in a MEMS holder, the Cu3(BHT) undergoes a phase transition to a new crystalline phase and its phase transition, occurring within the temperature range of 480 °C to 620 °C in dependence on the electron beam illumination. Using HRTEM and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, we identify this new phase as CuS. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms governing structural transitions in purposefully engineered structures, potentially pivotal for future endeavours involving the production of metal oxide/sulfide nanoparticles from MOF precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mücke
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany; Institute for Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Baokun Liang
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany.
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany; Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany; Institute for Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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2
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Luo Z, Han X, Ma Z, Zhang B, Zheng X, Liu Y, Gao M, Zhao G, Lin Y, Pan H, Sun W. Unraveling the Unique Strong Metal-Support Interaction in Titanium Dioxide Supported Platinum Clusters for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406728. [PMID: 38770895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is crucial to modulating the nature of metal species, yet the SMSI behaviors of sub-nanometer metal clusters remain unknown due to the difficulties in constructing SMSI at cluster scale. Herein, we achieve the successful construction of the SMSI between Pt clusters and amorphous TiO2 nanosheets by vacuum annealing, which requires a relatively low temperature that avoids the aggregation of small clusters. In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy observation is employed to explore the SMSI behaviors, and the results reveal the dynamic rearrangement of Pt atoms upon annealing for the first time. The originally disordered Pt atoms become ordered as the crystallizing of the amorphous TiO2 support, forming an epitaxial interface between Pt and TiO2. Such a SMSI state can remain stable in oxidation environment even at 400 °C. Further investigations prove that the electron transfer from TiO2 to Pt occupies the Pt 5d orbitals, which is responsible for the disappeared CO adsorption ability of Pt/TiO2 after forming SMSI. This work not only opens a new avenue for constructing SMSI at cluster scale but also provides in-depth understanding on the unique SMSI behavior, which would stimulate the development of supported metal clusters for catalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhentao Ma
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Bingxing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hongge Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Casu A, Lopez M, Melis C, Deiana D, Li H, Colombo L, Falqui A. Thermally Promoted Cation Exchange at the Solid State in the Transmission Electron Microscope: How It Actually Works. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17058-17069. [PMID: 37638526 PMCID: PMC10510578 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cation exchange offers a strong postsynthetic tool for nanoparticles that are unachievable via direct synthesis, but its velocity makes observing the onset of the reaction in the liquid state almost impossible. After successfully proving that cation exchange reactions can be triggered, performed, and followed live at the solid state by an in situ transmission electron microscopy approach, we studied the deep mechanisms ruling the onset of cation exchange reactions, i.e., the adsorption, penetration, and diffusion of cations in the host matrices of two crystal phases of CdSe. Exploiting an in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy approach with a latest generation heating holder, we were able to trigger, freeze, and image the initial stages of cation exchange with much higher detail. Also, we found a connection between the crystal structure of CdSe, the starting temperature, and the route of the cation exchange reaction. All the experimental results were further reviewed by molecular dynamics simulations of the whole cation exchange reaction divided in subsequent steps. The simulations highlighted how the cation exchange mechanism and the activation energies change with the host crystal structures. Furthermore, the simulative results strongly corroborated the activation temperatures and the cation exchange rates obtained experimentally, providing a deeper understanding of its phenomenology and mechanism at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Casu
- Department
of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Nabla Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miquel Lopez
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Claudio Melis
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Davide Deiana
- Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Microscopie Électronique (CIME), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hongbo Li
- Experimental
Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luciano Colombo
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Andrea Falqui
- Department
of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Biological
and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Nabla Lab, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary
Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa), Department
of Physics “Aldo Pontremoli”, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Shen Y, Zhao X, Gong R, Ngo E, Maurice JL, Roca i Cabarrocas P, Chen W. Influence of the Electron Beam and the Choice of Heating Membrane on the Evolution of Si Nanowires’ Morphology in In Situ TEM. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155244. [PMID: 35955179 PMCID: PMC9369465 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We used in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the dynamic changes of Si nanowires under electron beam irradiation. We found evidence of structural evolutions under TEM observation due to a combination of electron beam and thermal effects. Two types of heating holders were used: a carbon membrane, and a silicon nitride membrane. Different evolution of Si nanowires on these membranes was observed. Regarding the heating of Si nanowires on a C membrane at 800 °C and above, a serious degradation dependent on the diameter of the Si nanowire was observed under the electron beam, with the formation of Si carbide. When the membrane was changed to Si nitride, a reversible sectioning and welding of the Si nanowire was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Xuechun Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Ruiling Gong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Eric Ngo
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (E.N.); (J.-L.M.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Jean-Luc Maurice
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (E.N.); (J.-L.M.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Pere Roca i Cabarrocas
- Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France; (E.N.); (J.-L.M.); (P.R.i.C.)
| | - Wanghua Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Dao TBT, Ha TTL, Nguyen TD, Le HN, Ha-Thuc CN, Nguyen TML, Perre P, Nguyen DM. Effectiveness of photocatalysis of MMT-supported TiO 2 and TiO 2 nanotubes for rhodamine B degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130802. [PMID: 33975244 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to synthesize montmorillonite/TiO2-nanoparticles (MMT/TiO2 and montmorillonite/TiO2-nanotubes (MMT/TiO2-NTs) photocatalysts through a simple wet agitation method based on TiO2 nanoparticles and MMT. They are likely to accumulate the effect of adsorption and photodegradation. Then, the photocatalysts are applied to degrade the rhodamine B in dye effluents. The structural characterizations of photocatalysts are investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photocatalytic activities and effectiveness of photocatalysts are evaluated through rhodamine B degradation at different concentrations under dark and UV-C irradiation conditions. The results show that the synthesized TiO2-NTs have an average tube diameter of 5 nm and a tube length at least about 110 nm, which are intercalated into MMT sheets in MMT/TiO2-NTs photocatalyst. Meanwhile, TiO2 nanoparticles are immobilized on the surface of MMT sheets in the MMT/TiO2 photocatalyst. The photocatalytic effectiveness of rhodamine B degradation of TiO2-NTs shows a significantly enhance compared to that of TiO2 nanoparticles. However, photocatalytic performance of MMT/TiO2-NTs is lower than that of MMT/TiO2. The degradation effectiveness of MMT/TiO2 photocatalyst reaches to 100% for 3 ppm and 90% at 10 ppm of rhodamine B, while these values are 97.5% and 85.5%, respectively, recorded for MMT/TiO2-NTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bang Tam Dao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thu Loan Ha
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Do Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hon Nhien Le
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Nhan Ha-Thuc
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Mai Loan Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Patrick Perre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France.
| | - Dang Mao Nguyen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 Rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France.
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6
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Durante O, Di Giorgio C, Granata V, Neilson J, Fittipaldi R, Vecchione A, Carapella G, Chiadini F, DeSalvo R, Dinelli F, Fiumara V, Pierro V, Pinto IM, Principe M, Bobba F. Emergence and Evolution of Crystallization in TiO 2 Thin Films: A Structural and Morphological Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1409. [PMID: 34073645 PMCID: PMC8227354 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Among all transition metal oxides, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most intensively investigated materials due to its large range of applications, both in the amorphous and crystalline forms. We have produced amorphous TiO2 thin films by means of room temperature ion-plasma assisted e-beam deposition, and we have heat-treated the samples to study the onset of crystallization. Herein, we have detailed the earliest stage and the evolution of crystallization, as a function of both the annealing temperature, in the range 250-1000 °C, and the TiO2 thickness, varying between 5 and 200 nm. We have explored the structural and morphological properties of the as grown and heat-treated samples with Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We have observed an increasing crystallization onset temperature as the film thickness is reduced, as well as remarkable differences in the crystallization evolution, depending on the film thickness. Moreover, we have shown a strong cross-talking among the complementary techniques used displaying that also surface imaging can provide distinctive information on material crystallization. Finally, we have also explored the phonon lifetime as a function of the TiO2 thickness and annealing temperature, both ultimately affecting the degree of crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Durante
- Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (O.D.); (C.D.G.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Cinzia Di Giorgio
- Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (O.D.); (C.D.G.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Veronica Granata
- Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (O.D.); (C.D.G.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Joshua Neilson
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- Department of Engineering, DING, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Rosalba Fittipaldi
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- National Research Council-SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute (CNR-SPIN), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Vecchione
- National Research Council-SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute (CNR-SPIN), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Carapella
- Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (O.D.); (C.D.G.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- National Research Council-SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute (CNR-SPIN), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chiadini
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, DIIN, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Riccardo DeSalvo
- Department of Engineering, DING, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.D.); (M.P.)
- RicLab, Limited Liability Company, Pasadena, CA 91104, USA
| | - Franco Dinelli
- National Research Council-National Institute of Optics, CNR-INO, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Fiumara
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pierro
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- Department of Engineering, DING, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Innocenzo M. Pinto
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- Department of Engineering, DING, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.D.); (M.P.)
- Department Electrical and Information Technology Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Principe
- Department of Engineering, DING, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (R.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Bobba
- Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (O.D.); (C.D.G.); (V.G.); (G.C.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Napoli Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (J.N.); (F.C.); (V.F.); (V.P.); (I.M.P.)
- National Research Council-SuPerconducting and Other INnovative Materials and Devices Institute (CNR-SPIN), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
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Podor R, Trillaud V, Nkou Bouala GI, Dacheux N, Ricolleau C, Clavier N. A multiscale in situ high temperature high resolution transmission electron microscopy study of ThO 2 sintering. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7362-7374. [PMID: 33889920 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00956g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-grain model systems formed by ThO2 nanospheres have been used to experimentally study for the first time the initial stage of sintering from room temperature to 1050 °C using high temperature high resolution transmission electron microscopy. In each grain, oriented attachment drove the reorganization and growth of the crystallites up to 300 °C to form a pseudo single crystal. Crystallite size kept growing up to 950 °C. At this temperature, a fast transformation probably corresponding to the elimination of stacking faults or dislocation walls led to the formation of single-crystals. The contact formed at room temperature between the two grains was stabilized during heat treatment by a slight reorientation of the crystallographic planes (T≈ 400 °C), leading the neck to be formed by numerous boundaries between the crystallites. At higher temperatures, the neck evolved and stabilized in the form of a plane of crystallographic orientation mismatch between the grains, which corresponds to the usual definition of the grain boundary. The growth of the neck by the addition of atomic columns was further observed in real time and quantified. At T = 950 °C, the evolution of the microscopic sintering parameter λ was obtained from HT-HRTEM images and indicated that the neck formation mostly proceeded through volume diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Podor
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, CEA, ENSCM, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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Heidari S, Balaghi SE, Sologubenko AS, Patzke GR. Economic Manganese-Oxide-Based Anodes for Efficient Water Oxidation: Rapid Synthesis and In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Monitoring. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Esmael Balaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alla S. Sologubenko
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Lamberti A. ZnO- and TiO₂-Based Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050325. [PMID: 29757977 PMCID: PMC5977339 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lamberti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT@Polito), C.so Trento 21, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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