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Aggarwal R, Saini D, Mitra R, Sonkar SK, Sonker AK, Westman G. From Bulk Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS 2) to Suspensions of Exfoliated MoS 2 in an Aqueous Medium and Their Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9855-9872. [PMID: 38687994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials like graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), boron nitrides, etc., exhibit unique and fascinating properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, inherent mechanical flexibility and robustness, tunable bandgap, and high carrier mobility, which makes them an apt candidate for flexible electronics with low consumption of power. Because of these properties, they are in tremendous demand for advancement in energy, environmental, and biomedical sectors developed through various technologies. The production and scalability of these materials must be sustainable and ecofriendly to utilize these unique properties in the real world. Here, in this current review, we review molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 nanosheets) in detail, focusing on exfoliated MoS2 in water and the applicability of aqueous MoS2 suspensions in various fields. The exfoliation of MoS2 results in the formation of single or few-layered MoS2. Therefore, this Review focuses on the few layers of exfoliated MoS2 that have the additional properties of 2D layered materials and higher excellent compatibility for integration than existing conventional Si tools. Hence, a few layers of exfoliated MoS2 are widely explored in biosensing, gas sensing, catalysis, photodetectors, energy storage devices, a light-emitting diode (LED), adsorption, etc. This review covers the numerous methodologies to exfoliate MoS2, focusing on the various published methodologies to obtain nanosheets of MoS2 from water solutions and their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Richa Mitra
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- BA5409 cellulose films and coatings, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Tietotie 4E, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Gunnar Westman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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2
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Alharbi TMD, Raston CL. High conversion continuous flow exfoliation of 2D MoS 2. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6405-6409. [PMID: 38024295 PMCID: PMC10662006 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00880k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a low-cost and highly efficient process for exfoliating of MoS2 using an energy efficient vortex fluidic device (VFD). This method is high in green chemistry metrics in avoiding the use of auxiliary substances, and the process is scalable, with a conversion of as received MoS2 into 2D sheets at ∼73%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaar M D Alharbi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarrah 42353 Saudi Arabia
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
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3
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Sunwoo H, Choi W. Tunable, stable, and reversible n-type doping of MoS 2via thermal treatment in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:50LT01. [PMID: 36137437 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a highly stable and reversible n-type doping of monolayer MoS2using thermal treatment in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements as well as the device performance of the MoS2transistors suggested a stronger n-type doping effect with increasing time and temperature of the thermal treatment in NMP. Within the given time (5-60 min) and temperature (50 °C-110 °C), the surface treatment in NMP provided an electron concentration from 6 × 1010to 2 × 1012cm-2. Owing to the n-type doping effect, the thermal treatment in NMP reduced the contact resistance and enhanced the field-effect mobility of the MoS2transistors. The n-type doping via thermal treatment in NMP remained effective for more than 12 months in ambient air, and could be completely removed after immersion in isopropanol. These results demonstrate that thermal treatment in NMP can be a facile and effective route to achieve stable and reversible doping of two-dimensional materials including MoS2for their applications in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeon Sunwoo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Choi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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Kumar A, Thakur P, Sharma R, Puthirath AB, Ajayan PM, Narayanan TN. Photo Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries Using Nanorod Heterostructure Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2105029. [PMID: 34786850 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
New ways of directly using solar energy to charge electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries would lead to exciting developments in energy technologies. Here, a two-electrode photo rechargeable Li-ion battery is demonstrated using nanorod of type II semiconductor heterostructures with in-plane domains of crystalline MoS2 and amorphous MoOx . The staggered energy band alignment of MoS2 and MoOx limits the electron holes recombination and causes holes to be retained in the Li intercalated MoS2 electrode. The holes generated in the MoS2 pushes the intercalated Li-ions and hence charge the battery. Low band gap, high efficiency photo-conversion and efficient electron-hole separation help the battery to fully charge within a few hours using solar light. The proposed concept and materials can enable next generation stable photo-rechargeable battery electrodes, in contrast to the reported materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Pallavi Thakur
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Anand B Puthirath
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nano-engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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5
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Research of Flow Stability of Non-Newtonian Magnetorheological Fluid Flow in the Gap between Two Cylinders. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with a mathematical modeling of flow stability of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in the gap between two concentric cylinders, one of which rotates. A typical feature of the flow is the formation of a vortex flow, so-called Taylor vortices. Vortex structures are affected by the speed of the rotating cylinder and the physical properties of the fluids, i.e., viscosity and density. Analogy in terms of viscosity is assumed for non-Newtonian and magnetorheological fluids. Mathematical models of laminar, transient and turbulent flow with constant viscosity and viscosity as a function of the deformation gradient were formulated and numerically solved to analyze the stability of single-phase flow. To verify them, a physical experiment was performed for Newtonian fluids using visualizations of vortex structures—Taylor vortices. Based on the agreement of selected numerical and physical results, the experience was used for numerical simulations of non-Newtonian magnetorheological fluid flow.
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Zhang D, Pan W, Zhou L, Yu S. Room-Temperature Benzene Sensing with Au-Doped ZnO Nanorods/Exfoliated WSe 2 Nanosheets and Density Functional Theory Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33392-33403. [PMID: 34228931 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A gold-doped zinc oxide (Au-ZnO)/exfoliated tungsten diselenide (exfoliated WSe2) nanocomposite-based gas sensor toward benzene with high sensing properties was demonstrated. Epoxy resin was used as the matrix of the Au-ZnO/exfoliated WSe2 nanocomposite sensor. The straw-shaped Au-ZnO was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and WSe2 nanosheets (NSs) were prepared via hydrothermal and liquid-phase exfoliation methods. The properties of Au-ZnO/exfoliated WSe2 nanoheterostructures constructed by self-assembly technology have been confirmed via a series of characterization methods. The benzene-sensing performances of sensors were tested at 25 °C. Compared with Au-ZnO, WSe2, and their composites, the Au-ZnO/exfoliated WSe2 sensor has a significant performance improvement, including a higher response and linear fit degree, better selectivity and repeatability, and faster detection rate. The significantly enhanced sensing properties of the Au-ZnO/exfoliated WSe2 sensor can be ascribed to the doping of Au nanoparticles, the increase in the specific surface area and adsorption sites of NSs after exfoliation, and the cooperative interface combination of the ZnO/WSe2 heterojunction. Furthermore, the sensitivity mechanism of the composite sensor to benzene was explored by density functional theory simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Zhang
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Lanjuan Zhou
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Sujing Yu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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Nguyen DT, Ting HA, Su YH, Hofmann M, Hsieh YP. Additive-Enhanced Exfoliation for High-Yield 2D Materials Production. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:601. [PMID: 33670883 PMCID: PMC7997357 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The success of van-der-Waals electronics, which combine large-scale-deposition capabilities with high device performance, relies on the efficient production of suitable 2D materials. Shear exfoliation of 2D materials' flakes from bulk sources can generate 2D materials with low amounts of defects, but the production yield has been limited below industry requirements. Here, we introduce additive-assisted exfoliation (AAE) as an approach to significantly increase the efficiency of shear exfoliation and produce an exfoliation yield of 30%. By introducing micrometer-sized particles that do not exfoliate, the gap between rotor and stator was dynamically reduced to increase the achievable shear rate. This enhancement was applied to WS2 and MoS2 production, which represent two of the most promising 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides. Spectroscopic characterization and cascade centrifugation reveal a consistent and significant increase in 2D material concentrations across all thickness ranges. Thus, the produced WS2 films exhibit high thickness uniformity in the nanometer-scale and can open up new routes for 2D materials production towards future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (D.-T.N.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Hsiang-An Ting
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hsun Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (D.-T.N.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Mario Hofmann
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Manamela L, Fru JN, Kyesmen PI, Diale M, Nombona N. Electrically Enhanced Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Charge Transport Layers in Metallophthalocyanine-Based Solar Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:612418. [PMID: 33344424 PMCID: PMC7746773 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.612418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have found application in photovoltaic cells as a charge transporting layer due to their high carrier mobility, chemical stability, and flexibility. In this research, a photovoltaic device was fabricated consisting of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the active layer, exfoliated and Au-doped MoS2, which are n-type and p-type as electron and hole transport layers, respectively. XRD studies showed prominent peaks at (002) and other weak reflections at (100), (103), (006), and (105) planes corresponding to those of bulky MoS2. The only maintained reflection at (002) was weakened for the exfoliated MoS2 compared to the bulk, which confirmed that the material was highly exfoliated. Additional peaks at (111) and (200) planes were observed for the Au doped MoS2. The interlayer spacing (d002) was calculated to be 0.62 nm for the trigonal prismatic MoS2 with the space group P6m2. Raman spectroscopy showed that theE 2 1 g (393 cm-1) and A1g (409 cm-1) peaks for exfoliated MoS2 are closer to each other compared to their bulk counterparts (378 and 408 cm-1, respectively) hence confirming exfoliation. Raman spectroscopy also confirmed doping of MoS2 by Au as the Au-S peak was observed at 320 cm-1. Exfoliation was further confirmed by SEM as when moving from bulky to exfoliated MoS2, a single nanosheet was observed. Doping was further proven by EDS, which detected Au in the sample suggesting the yield of a p-type Au-MoS2. The fabricated device had the architecture: Glass/FTO/Au-MoS2/CuPc/MoS2/Au. A quadratic relationship between I-V was observed suggesting little rectification from the device. Illuminated I-V characterization verified that the device was sensitive and absorbed visible light. Upon illumination, the device was able to absorb photons to create electron-hole pairs and it was evident that semipermeable junctions were formed between Au-MoS2/CuPc and CuPc/MoS2 as holes and electrons were extracted and separated at respective junctions generating current from light. This study indicates that the exfoliated and Au-MoS2 could be employed as an electron transporting layer (ETL) and hole transporting layer (HTL), respectively in fabricating photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebogang Manamela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juvet N. Fru
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pannan I. Kyesmen
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mmantsae Diale
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nolwazi Nombona
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Singh M, Zannella C, Folliero V, Di Girolamo R, Bajardi F, Chianese A, Altucci L, Damasco A, Del Sorbo MR, Imperatore C, Rossi M, Valadan M, Varra M, Vergara A, Franci G, Galdiero M, Altucci C. Combating Actions of Green 2D-Materials on Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria and Enveloped Viruses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:569967. [PMID: 33117781 PMCID: PMC7549698 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.569967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of novel bi-dimensional nanomaterials and live matter such as bacteria and viruses represent an extremely hot topic due to the unique properties of the innovative nanomaterials, capable in some cases to exhibit bactericide and antiviral actions. The interactions between bacteria and viruses and two dimensional nanosheets are here investigated. We extensively studied the interaction between a gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli, and a gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, with two different types of 2D nanoflakes such as MoS2, belonging to the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides family, and Graphene Oxide. The same two types of nanomaterials were employed to study their antiviral action toward the Herpes simplex virus type-1, (HSV-1). The experimental results showed different bactericide impacts as well as different antiviral power between the two nanomaterials. The experimental findings were interpreted in bacteria on the base of the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory. A simple kinetic model of bacterial growth in the presence of the interacting nanosheets is also elaborated, to explain the observed results. The experimental results in viruses are really novel and somewhat surprising, evidencing a stronger antiviral action of Graphene Oxide as compared to MoS2. Results in viruses are complicated to quantitatively interpret due to the complexity of the system under study, constituted by virus/host cell and nanoflake, and due to the lack of a well assessed theoretical context to refer to. Thus, these results are interpreted in terms of qualitative arguments based on the chemical properties of the interactors in the given solvent medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjot Singh
- Laboratory of Bio-Nano-Photonics, Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Bajardi
- Laboratory of Bio-Nano-Photonics, Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Damasco
- Laboratory of Bio-Nano-Photonics, Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Rossi
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammadhassan Valadan
- Laboratory of Bio-Nano-Photonics, Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vergara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Guanluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Altucci
- Laboratory of Bio-Nano-Photonics, Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Naples, Italy
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Park H, Lim S, Nguyen DD, Suk JW. Electrical Measurements of Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Powders under Pressure. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101387. [PMID: 31569757 PMCID: PMC6835333 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene powders obtained via the reduction of graphene oxide flakes have been widely used in various applications as they can be synthesized in large quantities with outstanding properties. The electrical conductivity of graphene powders is critical for their uses in fabricating high-performance devices or materials. Here, we investigated the bulk electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) powders depending on the applied pressure and additional thermal annealing. The electrical conductivity of the rGO powders was correlated with the change in the carbon-to-oxygen ratio via additional thermal reduction. Furthermore, the effect of the morphology of the rGO powders was studied through electromechanical measurements. This study provides a reliable method for the electromechanical characterization of rGO powders and a better understanding of the electrical conductivity of graphene-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Soomook Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Dang Du Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Suk
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
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11
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Kang J, Lim T, Jeong MH, Suk JW. Graphene Papers with Tailored Pore Structures Fabricated from Crumpled Graphene Spheres. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060815. [PMID: 31151231 PMCID: PMC6630406 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Graphene papers have great potential for various applications, such as electrodes in energy storage devices, protective coating, and desalination, because of their free-standing structure, flexibility, and chemical tunability. The inner structures of the graphene papers can affect their physical properties and device performance. Here, we investigated a way to fabricate graphene papers from crumpled reduced graphene oxide (rGO) spheres. We found that ultrasonication was useful for tailoring the morphology of the crumpled graphene spheres, resulting in a successful fabrication of graphene papers with tunable inner pore structures. The fabricated graphene papers showed changes in mechanical and electrical properties depending on their pore structures. In addition, the tailored pore structures had an influence on the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors with the fabricated graphene papers as electrode materials. This work demonstrates a facile method to fabricate graphene papers from crumpled rGO powders, as well as a fundamental understanding of the effect of the inner pore structures in mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical characteristics of graphene papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - TaeGyeong Lim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Myeong Hee Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Suk
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
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12
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Mishra A, Ahmad Z, Touati F, Shakoor RA, Nazeeruddin MK. One-dimensional facile growth of MAPbI3 perovskite micro-rods. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11589-11594. [PMID: 35520240 PMCID: PMC9063419 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional microrods (4–5 mm) of PbI2 and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) with unique structural and morphological properties have been grown at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of both types of micro-rods exhibit a hexagonal system (P3̄m1(164) space group) with 2H polytype structures. In the case of PbI2, the atomic composition of the microcrystals indicates the formation of pure phases of PbI2, however, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of MAPbI3 indicates the existence of intermediate phases due to the addition of MAI. FTIR results reveal the existence of a strong interaction between C–H and N–H groups in the crystals which has been cross validated by Raman spectroscopic analysis. The morphological studies performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm the crack free morphology of PbI2 and MAPbI3 micro-rods with a porous structure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies show that the addition of MAI in the PbI2 reduced the weight loss and the decomposition temperature has been increased by 1.5 °C as well. The growth of these unique one-dimensional micro-rods signifies a novel concept in perovskite synthesis for solar cells and optoelectronic applications. One-dimensional microrods (4–5 mm) of PbI2 and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) with unique structural and morphological properties have been grown at room temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Mishra
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM)
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Farid Touati
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - R. A. Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM)
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
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