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Yang B, Cang J, Li Z, Chen J. Nanocrystals as performance-boosting materials for solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1331-1360. [PMID: 38419867 PMCID: PMC10898446 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) have been widely studied owing to their distinctive properties and promising application in new-generation photoelectric devices. In photovoltaic devices, semiconductor NCs can act as efficient light harvesters for high-performance solar cells. Besides light absorption, NCs have shown great significance as functional layers for charge (hole and electron) transport and interface modification to improve the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. NC-based functional layers can boost hole/electron transport ability, adjust energy level alignment between a light absorbing layer and charge transport layer, broaden the absorption range of an active layer, enhance intrinsic stability, and reduce fabrication cost. In this review, recent advances in NCs as a hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and interfacial layer are discussed. Additionally, NC additives to improve the performance of solar cells are demonstrated. Finally, a summary and future prospects of NC-based functional materials in solar cells are presented, addressing their limitations and suggesting potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boping Yang
- College of Science, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
| | - Junjie Cang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Zhiling Li
- College of Science, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
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2
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Liang TC, Su HY, Chen SA, Chen YJ, Chiang CY, Chiang CH, Kao TT, Chen LC, Lin CC. Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Perovskite CsPbI 3 Quantum Dots as Efficient Hole Transporting Layers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8902. [PMID: 36556708 PMCID: PMC9788023 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized as a hole-transporting layer (HTL) of a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC). By using the Octam solution during the ligand engineering, CsPbI3 QDs exhibits a denser grain and a larger grain size due to the short-chain ligands of Octam. In addition, CsPbI3 QDs with the Octam solution showed a smooth and uniform surface on MAPbI3 film, indicating the QDs improved the microstructure of the MAPbI3 perovskite film. As a result, the PSC with CsPbI3 QDs as an HTL has the optimal open-circuit voltage as 1.09 V, the short-circuit current as 20.5 mA/cm2, and the fill factor (FF) as 75.7%, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as 17.0%. Hence, it is inferred that introducing QDs as a HTL via the ligand engineering can effectively improve the device performance of the PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsair-Chun Liang
- Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Su
- Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Sih-An Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106344, Taiwan
- Department of Mathematic and Physical Sciences, R.O.C. Air Force Academy, Kaohsiung 820008, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chiang
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106344, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Chiang
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106344, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Ta Kao
- Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chien Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106344, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Mathematic and Physical Sciences, R.O.C. Air Force Academy, Kaohsiung 820008, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Zheng F, Zhang L, Ren W, Sunli Z, Ma Y, Hao Y. Improving the performance of inorganic perovskite solar cells via the perovskite quantum dot dynamically mediated film growth method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7451-7457. [PMID: 35274655 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are promising interface modification materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, due to the limitation of the preparation method, it is hard to use PQDs as substrates for the growth of perovskite films by the common solution process. In this work, by introducing the rare earth element Ce into PQDs with the vacuum freezing and drying technology, we have successfully improved the solvent stability of PQDs. Moreover, we propose a technology, PQD dynamically mediated growth of perovskite film (PDMG), to prepare high-quality perovskite films, which can avoid the formation of PQD charge-blocking layers. Thanks to the improvement of perovskite crystallinity and the charge transport ability, the PCE is improved from 10.44% to 12.14% for CsPbI2Br PSCs and from 14.43% to 16.38% for CsPbI3 PSCs. Our work opens an avenue for using PQDs as substrates in the fabrication of highly efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Fei Zheng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Longlong Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Weihua Ren
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Zetong Sunli
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Yufei Ma
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Yuying Hao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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4
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Passivation Effect of CsPbI3 Quantum Dots on the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality of active layer film is the key factor affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we incorporated CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) materials into the MAPbI3 perovskite precursor to form photoactive layer. On one hand, CsPbI3 QDs can be used as nucleation center to enhance the compactness of the perovskite film, and on the other hand, partially CsPbI3 QDs can be dissociated as anions and cations to passivate vacancy defects in the perovskite active layer. As a result, the film quality of the active layer was improved remarkably, thus exciton recombination was reduced, and carrier transfer increased accordingly. The devices based on doped-CsPbI3 QDs film had higher short circuit current, open circuit voltage and filling factor. Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was greatly enhanced from 14.85% to 17.04%. Furthermore, optimized devices also exhibited better stability. This work provides an effective strategy for the processing of high-quality perovskite films, which is of great value for the preparation and research of perovskite photoelectronic devices.
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Lien SY, Wang CW, Chen WR, Liu CH, Kang CC, Huang CJ. The Influence of Oxygen Plasma on Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI 3) Film Doped with Lead Cesium Triiodide (CsPbI 3). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175133. [PMID: 34500566 PMCID: PMC8434561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of organic-inorganic halide perovskite as an optoelectronics material has been a significant line of research, and the power conversion efficiency of solar cells based on these materials has reached 25.5%. However, defects on the surface of the film are still a problem to be solved, and oxygen plasma is one of the ways to passivate surface defects. In order to avoid destroying the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), the influence of plasma powers on film was investigated and the cesium triiodide (CsPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) were doped into the film. In addition, it was found that oxygen plasma can enhance the mobility and carrier concentration of the MAPbI3 film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yang Lien
- School of Opto-Electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Devices, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Chi-Wei Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung University Rd., Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ray Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Wenhua Rd., Yunlin County 632301, Taiwan;
| | - Chuan-Hsi Liu
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Heping East Rd., Taipei 10610, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chieh Kang
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Nan-Tai Street, Tainan 71105, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Jung Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung University Rd., Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-5919475; Fax: +886-7-5919357
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Effect of Growth Temperature on the Characteristics of CsPbI 3-Quantum Dots Doped Perovskite Film. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154439. [PMID: 34361592 PMCID: PMC8348637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, adding CsPbI3 quantum dots to organic perovskite methylamine lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) to form a doped perovskite film filmed by different temperatures was found to effectively reduce the formation of unsaturated metal Pb. Doping a small amount of CsPbI3 quantum dots could enhance thermal stability and improve surface defects. The electron mobility of the doped film was 2.5 times higher than the pristine film. This was a major breakthrough for inorganic quantum dot doped organic perovskite thin films.
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Investigation of the Stability of Methylammonium Lead Iodide (MAPbI 3) Film Doped with Lead Cesium Triiodide (CsPbI 3) Quantum Dots under an Oxygen Plasma Atmosphere. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092678. [PMID: 34063657 PMCID: PMC8125280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe composited perovskite films based on the doping of lead cesium triiodide (CsPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) into methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). CsPbI3 QDs and MAPbI3 were prepared by ligand-assisted re-precipitation and solution mixing, respectively. These films were optimized by oxygen plasma treatment, and the effect of powers from 0 to 80 W on the structural properties of the composited perovskite films is discussed. The experimental results showed that the light-harvesting ability of the films was enhanced at 20 W. The formation of the metastable state (lead(II) oxide and lead tetroxide) was demonstrated by peak differentiation-imitating. A low power enhanced the quality of the films due to the removal of organic impurities, whereas a high power caused surface damage in the films owing to the severe degradation of MAPbI3.
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Zhang C, He Z, Luo X, Meng R, Chen M, Lu H, Yang Y. Effects of CsSn xPb 1-xI 3 Quantum Dots as Interfacial Layer on Photovoltaic Performance of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:74. [PMID: 33928451 PMCID: PMC8085196 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, inorganic tin-doped perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are incorporated into carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to improve their photovoltaic performance. On the one hand, by controlling the content of Sn2+ doping, the energy level of the tin-doped PQDs can be adjusted, to realize optimized band alignment and enhanced separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. On the other hand, the incorporation of tin-doped PQDs provided with a relatively high acceptor concentration due to the self-p-type doping effect is able to reduce the width of the depletion region near the back surface of the perovskite, thereby enhancing the hole extraction. Particularly, after the addition of CsSn0.2Pb0.8I3 quantum dots (QDs), improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 12.80 to 14.22% can be obtained, in comparison with the pristine device. Moreover, the experimental results are analyzed through the simulation of the one-dimensional perovskite/tin-doped PQDs heterojunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanhui Luo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rangwei Meng
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengwei Chen
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifei Lu
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Yang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Afzal AM, Bae IG, Aggarwal Y, Park J, Jeong HR, Choi EH, Park B. Highly efficient self-powered perovskite photodiode with an electron-blocking hole-transport NiO x layer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:169. [PMID: 33420313 PMCID: PMC7794468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials provide noteworthy compact systems that could offer ground-breaking architectures for dynamic operations and advanced engineering in high-performance energy-harvesting optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate a highly effective self-powered perovskite-based photodiode with an electron-blocking hole-transport layer (NiOx). A high value of responsivity (R = 360 mA W-1) with good detectivity (D = 2.1 × 1011 Jones) and external quantum efficiency (EQE = 76.5%) is achieved due to the excellent interface quality and suppression of the dark current at zero bias voltage owing to the NiOx layer, providing outcomes one order of magnitude higher than values currently in the literature. Meanwhile, the value of R is progressively increased to 428 mA W-1 with D = 3.6 × 1011 Jones and EQE = 77% at a bias voltage of - 1.0 V. With a diode model, we also attained a high value of the built-in potential with the NiOx layer, which is a direct signature of the improvement of the charge-selecting characteristics of the NiOx layer. We also observed fast rise and decay times of approximately 0.9 and 1.8 ms, respectively, at zero bias voltage. Hence, these astonishing results based on the perovskite active layer together with the charge-selective NiOx layer provide a platform on which to realise high-performance self-powered photodiode as well as energy-harvesting devices in the field of optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - In-Gon Bae
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Yushika Aggarwal
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ryeon Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Byoungchoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-Dong, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
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Cost-efficient, Effect of Low-Quality PbI2 Purification to Enhance Performances of Perovskite Quantum Dots and Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In modern society, high-quality material development and a large stable supply are key to perform frontier research and development. However, there are negative issues to address to utilize high-quality resources with a large stable supply for research, such as economic accessibility, commercialization, and so on. One of the cutting-edge research fields, perovskite-related research, usually requires high-quality chemicals with outstanding purity (>99%). We developed an economically feasible PbI2 precursor with around 1/20 cost-down for perovskite/perovskite quantum dots through recrystallization and/or hydrothermal purification. Following the methodology, the quantum dots from both as-prepared and purified PbI2 demonstrated identical photophysical properties, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 52.61% using the purified PbI2 vs. 45.83% PLQY using commercial PbI2. The role of hydrothermal energy was also checked against the problematic PbI2, and we checked whether the hydrothermal energy could contribute to the hindrance of undesired particle formation in the precursor solution, which enables them to form enlarged grain size from 179 ± 80 to 255 ± 130 nm for higher photoconversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells from 14.77 ± 1.82% to 15.18 ± 1.92%.
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Co-Solvent Controllable Engineering of MA0.5FA0.5Pb0.8Sn0.2I3 Lead–Tin Mixed Perovskites for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Stability. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of a lead–tin mixed perovskite is generally considered an effective method to broaden the absorption wavelength of perovskite thin films. However, the preparation of lead–tin mixed perovskites is a major challenge due to the multivalent state of tin and stability in the atmosphere. This study attempted to replace the organic cation and metal elements of perovskites with a relatively thermal stable formamidinium (FA+) and a more environmentally friendly tin element. MA0.5FA0.5Pb0.8Sn0.2I3 lead–tin mixed perovskite thin films were prepared with the one-step spin-coating method. By adjusting the dimethylformamide (DMF):dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentration ratio of the lead–tin mixed perovskite precursor solution, the surface morphologies, crystallinity, and light-absorbing properties of the films were changed during synthesis to optimize the lead–tin mixed perovskite films as a light-absorbing layer of the inverted perovskite solar cells. The quality of the prepared lead–tin mixed perovskite film was the highest when the ratio of DMF:DMSO = 1:4. The power-conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell prepared with the film was 8.05%.
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Efficiency Improvement of MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot/Au Nanoparticle Composite Plasmonic Light-Harvesting Layer. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13061471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells through localized surface plasmon (LSP) coupling with gold nanoparticles:CsPbBr3 hybrid perovskite quantum dots (AuNPs:QD-CsPbBr3). The plasmonic AuNPs:QD-CsPbBr3 possess the features of high light-harvesting capacity and fast charge transfer through the LSP resonance effect, thus improving the short-circuit current density and the fill factor. Compared to the original device without Au NPs, a 27.8% enhancement in PCE of plasmonic AuNPs:QD-CsPbBr3/MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells was achieved upon 120 μL Au NP solution doping. This improvement can be attributed to the formation of surface plasmon resonance and light scattering effects in Au NPs embedded in QD-CsPbBr3, resulting in improved light absorption due to plasmonic nanoparticles.
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Influence of PMMA on All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite CsPbBr₃ Quantum Dots Combined with Polymer Matrix. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060985. [PMID: 30934571 PMCID: PMC6470971 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The poor stability of CsPbX3 quantum dots (QDs-CsPbX3) under wet conditions is still considered to be a key issue. In order to overcome this problem, this study presents a high molecular weight polymer matrix (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) incorporated into the QDs-CsPbBr3 to improve its stability and maintain its excellent optical properties. In this study, the Cs2CO3, PbO, Tetrabutylammonium Bromide (TOAB) powder, oleic acid, and toluene solvent were uniformly mixed and purified to prepare high-quality QDs powders. Then, hexane was used as a dispersing agent for the QD powder to complete the perovskite QDs-CsPbBr3 solution. Finally, a solution with different proportions of quantum dots CsPbBr3 and PMMA was prepared and discussed. In the preparation of thin films, firstly, a thin film with the structure of glass/QD-CsPbBr3/PMMA was fabricated in a glove box using a well-developed QDs-CsPbBr3 solution by changing the ratio of CsPbBr3:PMMA. The material analysis of QDs-CsPbBr3 thin films was performed with photoluminescence (PL), transmittance, absorbance, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structures and morphologies were further examined to study the effect of doped PMMA on perovskite QDs-CsPbBr3.
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