1
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Oluseun Akintunde O, Hu J, Golam Kibria M, Pogosian S, Achari G. A facile synthesis process of GCN/ZnO-Cu nanocomposite and the evaluation of the performance for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and the disinfection of wastewater under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140287. [PMID: 37820879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this research, graphitic carbon nitride/zinc oxide-copper denoted as GCN/ZnO-Cu nanocomposite photocatalysts were synthesized using a novel facile synthesis process, the co-exfoliation method involving ultrasonic exfoliation of the mixture of GCN and ZnO-Cu in ethanol and then thermal exfoliation. Different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), mean crystallite size (MCS), BET surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), particle size distribution (PSD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) were conducted to study the crystallinity, morphology, elemental composition, chemical structure, and optoelectronic properties. The band gap was estimated using the UV-Vis DRS results and Tauc plots. The photocatalytic activity of the GCN/ZnO-Cu3% nanocomposites was evaluated in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and the disinfection of wastewater primary influent under a narrowband visible light source, royal blue LED (λ = 450 nm). GCN/0.1ZnO-Cu3% nanocomposite showed the best performance in the degradation of 4-CP and the disinfection of municipal wastewater primary influent. For 4-CP degradation, GCN/0.1ZnO-Cu3% was 2.2 times better than GCN, 9.4 times better than ZnO-Cu3%, and 1.8 times better than the sum of the individual GCN and ZnO-Cu3%. A 5.5 log reduction was achieved for the disinfection of total coliforms in wastewater primary influent in 360 min. This enhanced photocatalytic activity of GCN/ZnO-Cu3% nanocomposite can be attributed to the synergistic of GCN and the ZnO-Cu3%, resulting in a large surface area and improved bandgap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi Oluseun Akintunde
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, ENE 231, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, ENB 202, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, ENB 202, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Samuel Pogosian
- Nemalux Industrial, 1018 72 Ave NE, Calgary, AB, T2E 8V9, Canada
| | - Gopal Achari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, ENE 231, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Panthi G, Park M. Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Zinc Oxide-Based Z-Scheme and S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts for the Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15021. [PMID: 37834469 PMCID: PMC10573564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a metal-free polymer semiconductor, has been recognized as an attractive photocatalytic material for environmental remediation because of its low band gap, high thermal and photostability, chemical inertness, non-toxicity, low cost, biocompatibility, and optical and electrical efficiency. However, g-C3N4 has been reported to suffer from many difficulties in photocatalytic applications, such as a low specific surface area, inadequate visible-light utilization, and a high charge recombination rate. To overcome these difficulties, the formation of g-C3N4 heterojunctions by coupling with metal oxides has triggered tremendous interest in recent years. In this regard, zinc oxide (ZnO) is being largely explored as a self-driven semiconductor photocatalyst to form heterojunctions with g-C3N4, as ZnO possesses unique and fascinating properties, including high quantum efficiency, high electron mobility, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and a simple synthetic procedure. The synergistic effect of its properties, such as adsorption and photogenerated charge separation, was found to enhance the photocatalytic activity of heterojunctions. Hence, this review aims to compile the strategies for fabricating g-C3N4/ZnO-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic systems with enhanced performance and overall stability for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, with reference to the reported system, the photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4/ZnO-based heterojunction photocatalysts and their charge-transfer pathways on the interface surface are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Panthi
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
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3
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Suhag MH, Khatun A, Tateishi I, Furukawa M, Katsumata H, Kaneco S. One-Step Fabrication of the ZnO/g-C 3N 4 Composite for Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol E in Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11824-11836. [PMID: 37033806 PMCID: PMC10077555 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The ZnO/g-C3N4 composite was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step calcination of a urea and zinc acetate mixture. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized composite was evaluated in the degradation of bisphenol E (BPE). The morphology, crystallinity, optical properties, and composition of the synthesized composite were characterized by using various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmitted electron microscopy (TEM), field emission-electron probe microanalysis (FE-EPMA), nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The degradation rate of BPE with the ZnO/g-C3N4 composite was 8 times larger than that obtained with pure g-C3N4 at the optimal conditions. The excellent photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergistic effect between the g-C3N4 and ZnO, which enhanced the efficiency of charge separations, reduced the e-/h+ pairs recombination, and increased the visible light absorption ability. The radical scavenger studies indicated that the •O2 - and h+ species were mainly responsible for the degradation of BPE. The stability test suggested the chemical and photostability of the synthesized composite. Two possible photocatalytical mechanisms have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hassan Suhag
- Department
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Barishal, Barishal 8254, Bangladesh
| | - Aklima Khatun
- Department
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ikki Tateishi
- Environmental
Preservation Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Mai Furukawa
- Department
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Katsumata
- Department
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneco
- Department
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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4
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Shi S, Jia M, Li M, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Zhong J, Dai D, Qiu J. ZnO@g-C3N4 S-scheme photocatalytic membrane with visible-light response and enhanced water treatment performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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5
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Liu C, Liu J, Godin R. ALD-Deposited NiO Approaches the Performance of Platinum as a Hydrogen Evolution Cocatalyst on Carbon Nitride. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British ColumbiaV1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British ColumbiaV1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, British ColumbiaV1V 1V7, Canada
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6
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Polymeric organic–inorganic C3N4/ZnO high-performance material for visible light photodegradation of organic pollutants. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Effective adsorption and in-situ SERS detection of multi-target pesticides on fruits and vegetables using bead-string like Ag NWs@ZIF-8 core-shell nanochains. Food Chem 2022; 395:133623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Huang Y, Gao T, Sun C, Han T, Zang M, Wang D, Xu W. An electrochemical platform for guanosine-5’-monophosphate detection using gold doped polypyrrole nanocomposite embedded on graphitic carbon nitride. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Alaghmandfard A, Ghandi K. A Comprehensive Review of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C 3N 4)-Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites: Potential for Photocatalysis and Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:294. [PMID: 35055311 PMCID: PMC8779993 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
g-C3N4 has drawn lots of attention due to its photocatalytic activity, low-cost and facile synthesis, and interesting layered structure. However, to improve some of the properties of g-C3N4, such as photochemical stability, electrical band structure, and to decrease charge recombination rate, and towards effective light-harvesting, g-C3N4-metal oxide-based heterojunctions have been introduced. In this review, we initially discussed the preparation, modification, and physical properties of the g-C3N4 and then, we discussed the combination of g-C3N4 with various metal oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, WO3, SnO, SnO2, etc. We summarized some of their characteristic properties of these heterojunctions, their optical features, photocatalytic performance, and electrical band edge positions. This review covers recent advances, including applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and photodegradation of organic pollutants, sensors, bacterial disinfection, and supercapacitors. We show that metal oxides can improve the efficiency of the bare g-C3N4 to make the composites suitable for a wide range of applications. Finally, this review provides some perspectives, limitations, and challenges in investigation of g-C3N4-metal-oxide-based heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khashayar Ghandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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10
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Han T, Huang Y, Sun C, Wang D, Xu W. A Water-Dispersible Carboxylated Carbon Nitride Nanoparticles-Based Electrochemical Platform for Direct Reporting of Hydroxyl Radical in Meat. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010040. [PMID: 35010165 PMCID: PMC8750351 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, carboxylated carbon nitride nanoparticles (carboxylated-g-C3N4 NPs) were prepared through a one-step molten salts method. The synthesized material was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectra (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. An electrochemical sensor based on single-stranded oligonucleotide/carboxylated-g-C3N4/chitosan/glassy carbon electrode (ssDNA/carboxylated-g-C3N4/chitosan/GCE) was constructed for determination of the hydroxyl radical (•OH), and methylene blue (MB) was used as a signal molecule. The sensor showed a suitable electrochemical response toward •OH from 4.06 to 122.79 fM with a detection limit of 1.35 fM. The selectivity, reproducibility, and stability were also presented. Application of the sensor to real meat samples (i.e., pork, chicken, shrimp, and sausage) was performed, and the results indicated the proposed method could be used to detect •OH in practical samples. The proposed sensor holds a great promise to be applied in the fields of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (W.X.)
| | - Yang Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (W.X.)
| | - Chong Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Daoying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Weimin Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (W.X.)
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11
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Javed M, Qamar MA, Shahid S, Alsaab HO, Asif S. Highly efficient visible light active Cu-ZnO/S-g-C 3N 4 nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37254-37267. [PMID: 35496420 PMCID: PMC9044814 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts is severely hampered by limited visible light harvesting and unwanted fast recombination of photogenerated e- and h+. In the current study, the photocatalytic efficiency of Cu-ZnO/S-g-C3N4 (CZS) nanocomposites was investigated against MB dye. The composite materials were designed via chemical co-precipitation method and characterised by important analytical techniques. Distinctive heterojunctions developed between S-g-C3N4 and Cu-ZnO in the CZS composite were revealed by TEM. The synthesized composites exhibit a huge number of active sites, a large surface area, a smaller size and better visible light absorption. The considerable enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of CZS nanocomposites might be accredited to the decay in the e-h pair recombination rate and a red shift in the visible region, as observed by PL and optical analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the metal (Cu) doping into the S-g-C3N4/ZnO matrix created exemplary interfaces between ZnO and S-g-C3N4, and maximized the photocatalytic activity of CZS nanocomposites. In particular, CZS nanocomposites synthesized by integrating 25% S-g-C3N4 with 4% Cu-ZnO (CZS-25 NCs) exhibited the 100% photocatalytic degradation of MB in 60 minutes under sunlight irradiation. After six cycles, the photocatalytic stability of CZS-25 NCs was excellent. Likewise, a plausible MB degradation mechanism is proposed over CZS-25 NCs based on photoluminescence and reactive species scavenger test observation. The current research supports the design of novel composites for the photocatalytic disintegration of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Asif
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
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12
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Designing of highly active g-C3N4/Sn doped ZnO heterostructure as a photocatalyst for the disinfection and degradation of the organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Hashem EM, Hamza MA, El-Shazly AN, Abd El-Rahman SA, El-Tanany EM, Mohamed RT, Allam NK. Novel Z-Scheme/Type-II CdS@ZnO/g-C 3N 4 ternary nanocomposites for the durable photodegradation of organics: Kinetic and mechanistic insights. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:128730. [PMID: 33189399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a green and efficient strategy for wastewater treatment, where graphitic carbon nitride-based semiconductors showed excellent performance in this regard. Consequently, we report on the development of a green and facile one-pot room-temperature ultrasonic route for the preparation of novel ternary nanocomposite of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs). The proposed materials had been characterized by several physicochemical techniques such as PXRD, XPS, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, PL, and DRS. The photocatalytic efficiency of the proposed photocatalysts was assessed towards the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye as a water pollutant model using spectrophotometric measurements. The as-synthesized novel ternary nanocomposite (CdS@ZnO/g-C3N4) exhibited perfect photocatalytic activity, where almost complete degradation was achieved in only 2 h under UV-irradiation or 3 h under visible-irradiation. Various methods were used to elucidate the kinetics of the photocatalytic process. Moreover, CdS@ZnO/g-C3N4 exhibited a unique synergetic performance when compared to the corresponding binary composites or the individual components. This synergetic performance could be ascribed to the perfect electronic band configuration of the three components, leading to the establishment of several combined synergetic Z-Scheme/Type-II photocatalytic heterojunctions, which is the proposed mechanism for the observed synergetic photocatalytic reactivity of the as-synthesized CdS@ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite when compared to the single and binary nanocomposite counterparts. Furthermore, the effects of both the type and concentration of various scavengers on the photocatalytic activity were assessed to investigate the most reactive species, where the reductive degradation pathway was found to be the predominant route. Finally, the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-synthesized CdS@ZnO/g-C3N4 composite showed promising and competing results when compared to other photocatalysts reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhussein M Hashem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Hamza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt; Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ayat N El-Shazly
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt; Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Esraa M El-Tanany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rahma T Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nageh K Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory (EML), School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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14
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Ben SK, Gupta S, Raj KK, Chandra V. Synthesis of g‐C
3
N
4
, Zn
3
(PO
4
)
2
and g‐C
3
N
4
/Zn
3
(PO
4
)
2
Composites for Application in Photodegradation of Crystal Violet Dye under Solar Light. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Ben
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Harisingh Gour University Sagar (M.P.) 470003 India
| | - Sakshi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Harisingh Gour University Sagar (M.P.) 470003 India
| | - Krishna Kumar Raj
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Harisingh Gour University Sagar (M.P.) 470003 India
| | - Vimlesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry Dr. Harisingh Gour University Sagar (M.P.) 470003 India
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15
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Visible light-induced catalytic abatement of 4-nitrophenol and Rhodamine B using ZnO/g-C3N4 catalyst. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Sher M, Shahid S, Javed M. Synthesis of a novel ternary (g-C 3N 4 nanosheets loaded with Mo doped ZnOnanoparticles) nanocomposite for superior photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 219:112202. [PMID: 33946027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of a novel ternary Visible-Light-Driven (VLD) photocatalyst and antibacterial agent. The two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs) and 7% molybdenum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Mo doped ZnO NPs) were used for the synthesis of the 65% g-C3N4 hybridized with 7% Mo doped ZnO novel ternary nanocomposite (Mo doped ZnO/g-C3N4 ternary NC). The synthesis process, as well as the structures, morphologies, photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of the synthesized ternary NC and constituents, were investigated by using several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. It was revealed through the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization of the synthesized NC that the Mo doped ZnO NPs were found uniformly embedded upon the well-stacked g-C3N4NSs. It was further discovered by the bandgap analysis that the light absorbance ability of the ternary NC exists in the visible region of the light spectrum. The photocatalytic degradation of the methylene blue (MB) by the use of novel ternary NC in an aqueous medium was analyzed while using Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy. Trapping experiments of active species during the photodegradation and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) experiment revealed that the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were the leading species liable for MB deterioration. The ternary NC exhibited superior photocatalytic performance as compared with binary doped or hybridized nanomaterials (NMs) and mono photocatalysts due to the facility of effective migration and separation of the charge carriers across the (Mo doped ZnO NPs)/g-C3N4 NSs interface of the heterojunction. The increased generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), O2-, and •OH radicals the photogenerated charge carriers within the Mo doped ZnO/g-C3N4 NC were found responsible for its enhanced antibacterial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Sher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Qamar MA, Shahid S, Javed M, Iqbal S, Sher M, Bahadur A, AL-Anazy MM, Laref A, Li D. Designing of highly active g-C3N4/Ni-ZnO photocatalyst nanocomposite for the disinfection and degradation of the organic dye under sunlight radiations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Fabricated novel g-C3N4/Mn doped ZnO nanocomposite as highly active photocatalyst for the disinfection of pathogens and degradation of the organic pollutants from wastewater under sunlight radiations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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19
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Sher M, Javed M, Shahid S, Iqbal S, Qamar MA, Bahadur A, Qayyum MA. The controlled synthesis of g-C3N4/Cd-doped ZnO nanocomposites as potential photocatalysts for the disinfection and degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2025-2039. [PMID: 35424172 PMCID: PMC8693747 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The in situ growth of well-dispersed Cd-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Cd-ZnO NPs) on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets was successfully achieved through the co-precipitation method for the formation of Cd-doped ZnO nanocomposites with g-C3N4 (Cd-ZnO/g-C3N4 NCs). The effect of different compositions of ternary nanocomposites (Cd-ZnO/g-C3N4 NCs) on photocatalytic properties was investigated. Ternary NCs, in which 60% g-C3N4 hybridized with 7% Cd-doped ZnO (g-C3N4/Cd-ZnO) NCs were proven to be optimum visible-light-driven (VLD) photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The enhanced photodegradation of MB is mainly due to the increase in the generation of photogenerated charge carriers (reactive oxygen species (ROS), O2−, and ˙OH radicals). The electron spin resonance (ESR) experiment revealed that the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were the leading species responsible for the degradation of MB. Moreover, the NC exhibited tremendous stability with a consistently high MB degradation rate for 10 successive catalytic cycles. The structural and optical properties of CdO, ZnO NPs, Cd-ZnO NPs, g-C3N4 NSs, and g-C3N4/Cd-ZnO NCs were investigated via XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, ESR spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized photocatalysts were also applied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains to evaluate their antibacterial activities. The controlled design of novel Z-scheme g-C3N4/Cd-ZnO heterojunction via chemical co-precipitation technique. 60% g-C3N4 hybridized with 7% Cd-doped ZnO (g-C3N4/Cd-ZnO) NCs have been proved to be optimum visible-light-driven (VLD) photocatalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Sher
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- University of Management and Technology
- Lahore 54770
- Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- University of Management and Technology
- Lahore 54770
- Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- University of Management and Technology
- Lahore 54770
- Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences (SNS)
- National University of Science and Technology (NUST)
- Islamabad
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam Qamar
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- University of Management and Technology
- Lahore 54770
- Pakistan
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- South Korea
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry
- Division of Science and Technology
- University of Education Lahore Pakistan
- Lahore
- Pakistan
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20
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Bajiri MA, Hezam A, Namratha K, Al-Maswari BM, BhojyaNaik HS, Byrappa K, Al-Zaqri N, Alsalme A, Alasmari R. Non-noble metallic Cu with three different roles in a Cu doped ZnO/Cu/g-C 3N 4 heterostructure for enhanced Z-scheme photocatalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2021; 45:13499-13511. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cu serves as a co-catalyst, an electron mediator, and a dopant leading to a high enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of Cu-ZnO/Cu/g-C3N4 Z-scheme photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Bajiri
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University
- Shankaraghatta-577 451
- India
| | - Abdo Hezam
- Department of Physics
- Ibb University
- Ibb
- Yemen
| | - K. Namratha
- DOS in Earth Science
- University of Mysore
- Mysore-570006
- India
| | | | - H. S. BhojyaNaik
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry
- School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University
- Shankaraghatta-577 451
- India
| | | | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Alasmari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
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21
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Sun J, Lin X, Xie J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ying Z. Facile synthesis of novel ternary g-C3N4/ferrite/biochar hybrid photocatalyst for efficient degradation of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Qamar MA, Shahid S, Javed M, Iqbal S, Sher M, Akbar MB. Highly efficient g-C3N4/Cr-ZnO nanocomposites with superior photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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The role of carbon-based nanosheets in enhancement of photocatalytic activity of Ag10Si4O13. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Liu S, Zhang J, Chen M, Wang X. Continuous release of SO4˙− over g-C3N4/ZnO/Fe(iii) systems mediated by persulfates: the Fe(iii)/Fe(ii) cycling and degradation pathway. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A process to obtain Fe(ii) by photogenerating electrons for the activation of persulfates and durable release of sulfate free radicals was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining (Anhui University of Science and Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- China
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
| | - Jianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining (Anhui University of Science and Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- China
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
| | - Meiling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining (Anhui University of Science and Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- China
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining (Anhui University of Science and Technology)
- Ministry of Education
- China
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
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25
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Guan R, Li J, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Wang D, Zhai H, Sun D. Photocatalytic Performance and Mechanistic Research of ZnO/g-C 3N 4 on Degradation of Methyl Orange. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20742-20747. [PMID: 31858060 PMCID: PMC6906941 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly dispersed ZnO/g-C3N4 composites with different doping ratios of g-C3N4 were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The preparation method is simple and the energy consumption is low. The composite samples were used to degradate the methyl orange solution. They all showed excellent photocatalytic activity and cycling stability. The optimal loading content of g-C3N4 was investigated, and the mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity was studied in detail. This study provides a promising photocatalytic material for the removal of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Guan
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Junkai Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Hongju Zhai
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Dewu Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly
Materials of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
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26
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Zhang B, Wang Z, Peng X, Wang Z, Zhou L, Yin Q. A Novel Route to Manufacture 2D Layer MoS 2 and g-C 3N 4 by Atmospheric Plasma with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081139. [PMID: 31398848 PMCID: PMC6723641 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An atmospheric plasma treatment strategy was developed to prepare two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets from (NH4)2MoS4 and bulk g-C3N4, respectively. The moderate temperature of plasma is beneficial for exfoliating bulk materials to thinner nanosheets. The thicknesses of as-prepared MoS2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets are 2-3 nm and 1.2 nm, respectively. They exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity on account of the nanosheet structure, larger surface area, more flexible photophysical properties, and longer charge carrier average lifetime. Under visible light irradiation, the hydrogen production rates of MoS2 and g-C3N4 by plasma were 3.3 and 1.5 times higher than the corresponding bulk materials, respectively. And g-C3N4 by plasma exhibited 2.5 and 1.3 times degradation rates on bulk that for methyl orange and rhodamine B, respectively. The mechanism of plasma preparation was proposed on account of microstructure characterization and online mass spectroscopy, which indicated that gas etching, gas expansion, and the repulsive force of electron play the key roles in the plasma exfoliation. Plasma as an environmentally benign approach provides a general platform for fabricating ultrathin nanosheet materials with prospective applications as photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangfeng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ling Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - QiuXiang Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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27
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Sun J, Wang C, Shen T, Song H, Li D, Zhao R, Wang X. Engineering the Dimensional Interface of BiVO 4-2D Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Nanocomposite for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060907. [PMID: 31234460 PMCID: PMC6630799 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Graphene as a two-dimensional (2D) nanoplatform is beneficial for assembling a 2D heterojunction photocatalytic system to promote electron transfer in semiconductor composites. Here a BiVO4 nanosheets/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based 2D-2D heterojunction photocatalytic system as well as 0D-2D BiVO4 nanoparticles/RGO and 1D-2D BiVO4 nanotubes/RGO nanocomposites are fabricated by a feasible solvothermal process. During the synthesis; the growth of BiVO4 and the intimate interfacial contact between BiVO4 and RGO occur simultaneously. Compared to 0D-2D and 1D-2D heterojunctions, the resulting 2D-2D BiVO4 nanosheets/RGO composites yield superior chemical coupling; leading to exhibit higher photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of acetaminophen under visible light irradiation. Photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent experiments revealed that the apparent electron transfer rate in 2D-2D BiVO4 nanosheets/RGO composites is faster than that in 0D-2D BiVO4 nanoparticles/RGO composites. The experimental findings presented here clearly demonstrate that the 2D-2D heterojunction interface can highlight the optoelectronic coupling between nanomaterials and promote the electron–hole separation. This study will motivate new developments in dimensionality factors on designing the heterojunction photocatalysts and promote their photodegradation photocatalytic application in environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250353, China.
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250353, China.
| | - Tingting Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250353, China.
| | - Hongchen Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250353, China.
| | - Danqi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250353, China.
| | - Rusong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250014, China.
| | - Xikui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji'nan, 251100, China.
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