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Cui Y, Sui Y, Wei P, Lv Y, Cong C, Meng X, Ye HM, Zhou Q. Rationalizing the Dependence of Poly (Vinylidene Difluoride) (PVDF) Rheological Performance on the Nano-Silica. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1096. [PMID: 36985990 PMCID: PMC10056420 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on the rheological performance and mechanism of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), mainly focuses on non-polar polymer matrices, but rarely on strongly polar ones. To fill this gap, this paper explores the influence of nanofillers on the rheological properties of poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF). The effects of particle diameter and content on the microstructure, rheology, crystallization, and mechanical properties of PVDF/SiO2 were analyzed, by TEM, DLS, DMA, and DSC. The results show that nanoparticles can greatly reduce the entanglement degree and viscosity of PVDF (up to 76%), without affecting the hydrogen bonds of the matrix, which can be explained by selective adsorption theory. Moreover, uniformly dispersed nanoparticles can promote the crystallization and mechanical properties of PVDF. In summary, the viscosity regulation mechanism of nanoparticles for non-polar polymers, is also applicable to PVDF, with strong polarity, which is of great value for exploring the rheological behavior of PNCs and guiding the process of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yang Sui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Peng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinan Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chuanbo Cong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xiaoyu Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hai-Mu Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
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Tunable α-γ-phase of polyvinylidene fluoride to enhance piezoelectric coefficient. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030762. [PMID: 35160709 PMCID: PMC8836401 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of fabricating electrically conductive composites via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique whose properties were compared with injection-moulded properties, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mixed with different contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The wettability, morphological, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the 3D-printed samples were investigated. The microstructural images showed the selective localization of the GNPs in the PCL nodules that are dispersed in the PLA phase. The electrical resistivity results using the four-probes method revealed that the injection-moulded samples are insulators, whereas the 3D-printed samples featuring the same graphene content are semiconductors. Varying the printing raster angles also exerted an influence on the electrical conductivity results. The electrical percolation threshold was found to be lower than 15 wt.%, whereas the rheological percolation threshold was found to be lower than 10 wt.%. Furthermore, the 20 wt.% and 25 wt.% GNP composites were able to connect an electrical circuit. An increase in the Young’s modulus was shown with the percentage of graphene. As a result, this work exhibited the potential of the FFF technique to fabricate biodegradable electrically conductive PLA-PCL-GNP composites that can be applicable in the electronic domain.
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Goswami MR, Singh P, Chamoli P, Bhardwaj S, Raina KK, Shukla RK. Effect of graphene oxide doping on the room temperature shear and dynamic rheological behaviour of PVDF. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.2013862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mit Rita Goswami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prayas Singh
- Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumit Bhardwaj
- Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - K. K. Raina
- M S Ramaiah, University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi K. Shukla
- Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Nabiyev AA, Olejniczak A, Islamov AK, Pawlukojc A, Ivankov OI, Balasoiu M, Zhigunov A, Nuriyev MA, Guliyev FM, Soloviov DV, Azhibekov AK, Doroshkevich AS, Ivanshina OY, Kuklin AI. Composite Films of HDPE with SiO 2 and ZrO 2 Nanoparticles: The Structure and Interfacial Effects. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102673. [PMID: 34685114 PMCID: PMC8539266 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the influence of two types of nanoparticle fillers, i.e., amorphous SiO2 and crystalline ZrO2, on the structural properties of their nanocomposites with high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The composite films were prepared by melt-blending with a filler content that varied from 1% to 20% v/v. The composites were characterized by small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For both fillers, the nanoaggregates were evenly distributed in the polymer matrix and their initial state in the powders determined their surface roughness and fractal character. In the case of the nano-ZrO2 filler, the lamellar thickness and crystallinity degree remain unchanged over a broad range of filler concentrations. SANS and SEM investigation showed poor interfacial adhesion and the presence of voids in the interfacial region. Temperature-programmed SANS investigations showed that at elevated temperatures, these voids become filled due to the flipping motions of polymer chains. The effect was accompanied by a partial aggregation of the filler. For nano-SiO2 filler, the lamellar thickness and the degree of crystallinity increased with increasing the filler loading. SAXS measurements show that the ordering of the lamellae is disrupted even at a filler content of only a few percent. SEM images confirmed good interfacial adhesion and integrity of the SiO2/HDPE composite. This markedly different impact of both fillers on the composite structure is discussed in terms of nanoparticle surface properties and their affinity to the HDPE matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif A. Nabiyev
- ANAS Institute of Radiation Problems, Baku AZ1143, Azerbaijan;
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(496)-21-66-275
| | - Andrzej Olejniczak
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Akhmed Kh. Islamov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlukojc
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oleksandr I. Ivankov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, 07270 Kiev, Ukraine
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Maria Balasoiu
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, P.O. Box MG-6, RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-162 06 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Musa A. Nuriyev
- ANAS Institute of Radiation Problems, Baku AZ1143, Azerbaijan;
| | - Fovzi M. Guliyev
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan;
| | - Dmytro V. Soloviov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, 07270 Kiev, Ukraine
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aidos K. Azhibekov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Institute of Natural Science, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda 120001, Kazakhstan
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ministry of Energy, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander S. Doroshkevich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after O.O. Galkin NAS of Ukraine, 03028 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Olga Yu. Ivanshina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Alexander I. Kuklin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; (A.O.); (A.K.I.); (A.P.); (O.I.I.); (M.B.); (D.V.S.); (A.K.A.); (A.S.D.); (O.Y.I.); (A.I.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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Cosquer R, Pruvost S, Gouanvé F. Improvement of Barrier Properties of Biodegradable Polybutylene Succinate/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Process. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:151. [PMID: 33671479 PMCID: PMC7926900 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polybutylene Succinate (PBS)/Graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) nanocomposites over a range of GnP from 0 to 1.35 wt.%. were prepared by a melt process. A mixture of individual graphene nanosheets and aggregates was obtained by the addition of GnP in the PBS matrix. The presence of these fillers did not significantly modify the morphology, crystalline microstructure of the matrix or its thermal stability. However, a slight reinforcement effect of PBS was reported in the presence of GnP. The water sorption isotherm modelling with Guggenheim, Andersen and De Boer (GAB) equation and Zimm-Lundberg theory allowed a phenomenological analysis at the molecular scale. The presence of GnP did not modify the water sorption capacity of the PBS matrix. From a kinetic point of view, a decrease of the diffusion coefficient with the increasing GnP content was obtained and was attributed to a tortuosity effect. The influence of water activity was discussed over a range of 0.5 to 1 and 0 to 0.9 for water and dioxygen permeability. Improvement of the barrier properties by 38% and 35% for water and dioxygen permeability respectively were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Cosquer
- UMR CNRS 5223 IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Univ Lyon INSA Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (R.C.); (S.P.)
- UMR CNRS 5223 IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- UMR CNRS 5223 IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Univ Lyon INSA Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (R.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Fabrice Gouanvé
- UMR CNRS 5223 IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Development of High Dielectric Electrostrictive PVDF Terpolymer Blends for Enhanced Electromechanical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010006. [PMID: 33375191 PMCID: PMC7822181 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive polymers with high dielectric constants and low moduli can offer fast responses and large electromechanical strain under a relatively low electric field with regard to theoretical driving forces of electrostriction and electrostatic force. However, the conventional electroactive polymers, including silicone rubbers and acrylic polymers, have shown low dielectric constants (ca. < 4) because of their intrinsic limitation, although they have lower moduli (ca. < 1 MPa) than inorganics. To this end, we proposed the high dielectric PVDF terpolymer blends (PVTC-PTM) including poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoro-ethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE), PVTC) as a matrix and micelle structured poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (P3HT-b-PMMA, PTM) as a conducting filler. The dielectric constant of PVTC-PTM dramatically increased up to 116.8 at 100 Hz despite adding only 2 wt% of the polymer-type filler (PTM). The compatibility and crystalline properties of the PVTC-PTM blends were examined by microscopic, thermal, and X-ray studies. The PVTC-PTM showed more compatible blends than those of the P3HT homopolymer filler (PT) and led to higher crystallinity and smaller crystal grain size relative to those of neat PVTC and PVTC with the PT filler (PVTC-PT). Those by the PVTC-PTM blends can beneficially affect the high-performance electromechanical properties compared to those by the neat PVTC and the PVTC-PT blend. The electromechanical strain of the PVTC-PTM with 2 wt% PTM (PVTC-PTM2) showed ca. 2-fold enhancement (0.44% transverse strain at 30 Vpp μm−1) relative to that of PVTC. We found that the more significant electromechanical performance of the PVTC-PTM blend than the PVTC was predominantly due to the electrostrictive force rather than electrostatic force. We believe that the acquired PVTC-PTM blends are great candidates to achieve the high-performance electromechanical strain and take all benefits derived from the all-organic system, including high electrical breakdown strength, processibility, dielectrics, and large strain, which are largely different from the organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite systems.
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Wu W, Li X. Composite Polypropylene Fibers Modified with High Density Polyethylene and Graphene. J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1849160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
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Gu Y, Yu L, Mou J, Wu D, Zhou P, Xu M. Mechanical properties and application analysis of spider silk bionic material. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSpider silk is a kind of natural biomaterial with superior performance. Its mechanical properties and biocompatibility are incomparable with those of other natural and artificial materials. This article first summarizes the structure and the characteristics of natural spider silk. It shows the great research value of spider silk and spider silk bionic materials. Then, the development status of spider silk bionic materials is reviewed from the perspectives of material mechanical properties and application. The part of the material characteristics mainly describes the biocomposites based on spider silk proteins and spider silk fibers, nanomaterials and man-made fiber materials based on spider silk and spider-web structures. The principles and characteristics of new materials and their potential applications in the future are described. In addition, from the perspective of practical applications, the latest application of spider silk biomimetic materials in the fields of medicine, textiles, and sensors is reviewed, and the inspiration, feasibility, and performance of finished products are briefly introduced and analyzed. Finally, the research directions and future development trends of spider silk biomimetic materials are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Gu
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lingzhi Yu
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiegang Mou
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Denghao Wu
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Peijian Zhou
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Maosen Xu
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Properties of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer Compatibilized Polyamide 66/Poly (Phenylene Ether) Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio and Compatibilizer Content. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153400. [PMID: 32752006 PMCID: PMC7435725 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two different blend ratios of polyamide 66 (PA66) and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) (60/40 and 40/60 w/w) were produced via melt mixing. A styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) was utilized at various contents from 2.5-15 wt% to compatibilize the immiscible blend system. The influence of SMA content and blend ratio was investigated based on (thermo-) mechanical and morphological properties of the PA66/PPE blends. Correlations between the interaction of SMA with the blend partners were established. For 60/40 blends, a droplet-sea morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy, wherein no major changes were seen upon SMA addition. In the case of 40/60 blends, strong coalescence was found in the binary blend. Up to 5 wt% SMA, the coalescence was inhibited by the interfacial activity of SMA, whereas 10 wt% SMA initiated a disperse-to-co-continuous transition, which was completed at 15 wt% SMA. An enhancement of tensile properties was achieved for all blends possessing SMA, where the maximum concentration of 15 wt% resulted in the highest elongation at break and tensile strength values. The relative improvement of the tensile properties was higher with the PPE-rich blend (40/60) which was attributed to a partial emulsification of the PPE phases forming a bimodal PPE domain size distribution with nano-droplets in the range of 60-160 nm.
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Kurada KV, Agarwal A, De S. Effect of mixed solvents on phase inversion of polymeric membranes. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnasri V Kurada
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
| | - Sirshendu De
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur India
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Wu Y, Cao Y, Wu Y, Li D. Neutron Shielding Performance of 3D-Printed Boron Carbide PEEK Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2314. [PMID: 32443451 PMCID: PMC7287577 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene is used as a traditional shielding material in the nuclear industry, but still suffers from low softening point, poor mechanical properties, and difficult machining. In this study, novel boron carbide polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composites with different mass ratios were prepared and tested as fast neutron absorbers. Next, shielding test pieces with low porosity were rapidly manufactured through the fused deposition modeling (FDM)-3D printing optimization process. The respective heat resistances, mechanical properties, and neutron shielding characteristics of as-obtained PEEK and boron carbide PEEK composites with different thicknesses were then evaluated. At load of 0.45 MPa, the heat deformation temperature of boron carbide PEEK increased with the boron carbide content. The heat deformation temperature of 30% wt. boron carbide PEEK was recorded as 308.4 °C. After heat treatment, both tensile strength and flexural strength of PEEK and PEEK composites rose by 40%-50% and 65%-78%, respectively. Moreover, the as-prepared composites showed excellent fast neutron shielding performances. For shielding test pieces with thicknesses between 40 mm and 100 mm, the neutron shielding rates exhibited exponential variation as a function of boron carbide content. The addition of 5%-15% boron carbide significantly changed the curvature of the shielding rate curve, suggesting an optimal amount of boron carbide. Meanwhile, the integrated shielding/structure may effectively shield neutron radiation, thereby ensuring optimal shielding performances. In sum, further optimization of the proposed process could achieve lightweight materials with less consumables and small volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Yi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Ying Wu
- Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
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De León AS, Molina SI. Influence of the Degree of Cure in the Bulk Properties of Graphite Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites Printed via Stereolithography. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1103. [PMID: 32408711 PMCID: PMC7285314 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report on the fabrication via stereolithography (SLA) of acrylic-based nanocomposites using graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) as an additive. GNPs are able to absorb UV-Vis radiation, thus blocking partial or totally the light path of the SLA laser. Based on this, we identified a range of GNP concentrations below 2.5 wt %, where nanocomposites can be successfully printed. We show that, even though GNP is well-dispersed along the polymeric matrix, nanocomposites presented lower degrees of cure and therefore worse mechanical properties when compared with pristine resin. However, a post-processing at 60 °C with UV light for 1 h eliminates this difference in the degree of cure, reaching values above 90% in all cases. In these conditions, the tensile strength is enhanced for 0.5 wt % GNP nanocomposites, while the stiffness is increased for 0.5-1.0 wt % GNP nanocomposites. Finally, we also demonstrate that 2.5 wt % GNP nanocomposites possess characteristic properties of semiconductors, which allows them to be used as electrostatic dispersion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto S. De León
- Departamento Ciencia de los Materiales, I. M. y Q. I., IMEYMAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain;
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Design and Synthesis of Polysiloxane Based Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymer for Improving the Processability and Toughness of Magnesium Hydrate/Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040911. [PMID: 32295271 PMCID: PMC7240685 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a polysiloxane grafted by thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (PSCTLCP) is designed and synthesized to effectively improve the processability and toughness of magnesium hydroxide (MH)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites. The obtained PSCTLCP is a nematic liquid crystal polymer; the liquid crystal phase exists in a temperature range of 170 to 275 °C, and its initial thermal decomposition temperature is as high as 279.6 °C, which matches the processing temperature of MH/LLDPE composites. With the increase of PSCTLCP loading, the balance melt torque of MH/LLDPE/PSCTLCP composites is gradually decreased by 42% at 5 wt % PSCTLCP loading. Moreover, the power law index of MH/LLDPE/PSCTLCP composite melt is smaller than 1, but gradually increased with PSCTLCP, the flowing activation energy of PSCTLCP-1.0 is lower than that of MH/LLDPE at the same shear rate, indicating that the sensitivity of apparent melt viscosity of the composites to shear rate and to temperature is decreased with the increase of PSCTLCP, and the processing window is broadened by the addition of PSCTLCP. Besides, the elongation at break of MH/LLDPE/PSCTLCP composites increases from 6.85% of the baseline MH/LLDPE to 17.66% at 3 wt % PSCTLCP loading. All the results indicate that PSCTLCP can significantly improve the processability and toughness of MH/LLDPE composites.
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Behera K, Chang YH, Yadav M, Chiu FC. Enhanced thermal stability, toughness, and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube-reinforced biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend-based nanocomposites. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Morphological, Electrical, and Chemical Characteristics of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Coated PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes after Plasma Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101689. [PMID: 31618983 PMCID: PMC6836023 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A commercial ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (HFM-183 de Koch Membrane Systems) made of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), was recovered with a negatively-charged polyelectrolyte (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)) (PSS), and the effects on its electric, chemical, and morphological properties were analyzed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), liquid–liquid displacement porometry, Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the modifications induced by the deposition of PSS on the PVDF positively-charged membrane and after its treatment by a radio frequency Ar-plasma. These techniques confirmed a real deposition and posterior compaction of PSS with increasing roughness and decreasing pore sizes. The evolution of the electric resistances of the membranes confirmed crosslinking and compaction with shielding of the sulfonated groups from PSS. In this way, a membrane with a negatively-charged active layer and a pore size which was 60% lower than the original membrane was obtained. The composition of the additive used by manufacturers to modify PVDF to make it positively charged was obtained by different procedures, all of which depended upon the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, leading to fairly consistent results. This polymer, carrying positive charges, contains quaternary nitrogen, as confirmed by XPS. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy confirmed that PVDF changes from mostly the β to the α phase, which is more stable as a substrate for the deposited PSS. The aim of the tested modifications was to increase the retention of divalent anions without reducing permeability.
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Hammani S, Barhoum A, Nagarajan S, Bechelany M. Toner Waste Powder (TWP) as a Filler for Polymer Blends (LDPE/HIPS) for Enhanced Electrical Conductivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3062. [PMID: 31547086 PMCID: PMC6804035 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization proportionally increases the waste products which force humankind to find a suitable waste management system. This study aims at identifying the possibility of using toner waste powder (TWP) as a filler for fabricating polymer composites for enhanced electrical conductivity of polymer blends. TWP was successfully incorporated into a polymer blend of low-density polyethylene/high impact polystyrene (LDPE/HIPS) at a high loading percentage of up to 20 wt %. Elemental analysis (SEM-EDS and XRF) showed that the main constituents of TWP are carbon and iron with traces of other metals such as Ca, Cs, Ti, Mn, Si. The electrical conductivity of LDPE/HIPS is significantly enhanced by loading the TWP into the polymer blend. The addition of TWP to LDPE/HIPS blend decreases the electrical resistivity of the LDPE/HIPS/TWP composite to ~2.9 × 107 Ohm.cm at 10 wt % of TWP, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the neat blend with maintaining the thermal stability of the polymer composite. The prepared polymer composite is lightweight and shows electrical conductivity, thus it can have potential applications in electronic materials and automotive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Hammani
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Fonctionnelle des Procédés Chimiques, Faculté des Sciences de l'ingénieur, Université BLIDA1, BLIDA B.P 270, ALGERIE.
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Sakthivel Nagarajan
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France.
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France.
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Lei XX, Lu H, Lu L, Xu HQ, Zhou YG, Zou J. Improving the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(l-lactide) by Forming Nanocomposites with an in Situ Ring-Opening Intermediate of Poly(l-lactide) and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050748. [PMID: 31096704 PMCID: PMC6566323 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of poly(l-lactide) and (3-amino)-propylheptaisobutyl cage silsesquioxane (PLLA-AMPOSS) intermediates were first fabricated using single-arm in situ solution polymerization of LLA monomers and AMPOSS nanoparticles with different contents, 0.02-1.00 mol%. Then, the PLLA-AMPOSS intermediate with 0.5 mol% AMPOSS was selected as a representative and investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Afterwards, it was added into the pure PLLA with different mass fractions. Finally, the thermal behavior, crystallization kinetics, morphological characteristics, and mechanical properties of the obtained PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS nanocomposites were carefully measured and investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile test. After comparing the PLLA-AMPOSS intermediate and PLLA/AMPOSS blend, the results show that the ring-open polymerization of PLLA-AMPOSS intermediate was successful. The results also show that the existence of PLLA-AMPOSS has a strong influence on the crystallization behavior of PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS composites, which can be attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation effect of PLLA-AMPOSS. In addition, it was also found from the tensile test results that the addition of the PLLA-AMPOSS nanofiller improved the tensile strength and strain at break of PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS nanocomposites. All of these results indicate the good nucleating effect of PLLA-AMPOSS and that the AMPOSS disperses well in the PLLA/PLLA-AMPOSS nanocomposites. A conclusion can be drawn that the selective nucleating agent and the combined method of in situ ring-opening polymerization and physical blending are feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Hai-Qing Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Materials of Salt Chemical Industry, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Ying-Guo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China.
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