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Wang SC, Du ST, Hashmi S, Cui SM, Li L, Handschuh-Wang S, Zhou X, Stadler FJ. Understanding Gel-Powers: Exploring Rheological Marvels of Acrylamide/Sodium Alginate Double-Network Hydrogels. Molecules 2023; 28:4868. [PMID: 37375423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the rheological properties of dual-network hydrogels based on acrylamide and sodium alginate under large deformations. The concentration of calcium ions affects the nonlinear behavior, and all gel samples exhibit strain hardening, shear thickening, and shear densification. The paper focuses on systematic variation of the alginate concentration-which serves as second network building blocks-and the Ca2+-concentration-which shows how strongly they are connected. The precursor solutions show a typical viscoelastic solution behavior depending on alginate content and pH. The gels are highly elastic solids with only relatively small viscoelastic components, i.e., their creep and creep recovery behavior are indicative of the solid state after only a very short time while the linear viscoelastic phase angles are very small. The onset of the nonlinear regime decreases significantly when closing the second network (alginate) upon adding Ca2+, while at the same time the nonlinearity parameters (Q0, I3/I1, S, T, e3/e1, and v3/v1) increase significantly. Further, the tensile properties are significantly improved by closing the alginate network by Ca2+ at intermediate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu-Tong Du
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Saud Hashmi
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shu-Ming Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The International School of Advanced Materials, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The International School of Advanced Materials, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Israkarn K, Buathongjan C, Gamonpilas C, Methacanon P, Wisetsuwannaphum S. Effects of gellan gum and calcium fortification on the rheological properties of mung bean protein and gellan gum mixtures. J Food Sci 2022; 87:5001-5016. [PMID: 36181362 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of gellan gum types and CaCl2 addition on the rheological characteristics of mung bean protein (MBP)-gellan gum mixtures at varying protein contents (1-7 wt%) were investigated. Two types of gellan gum, high acyl gellan (HAG) and low acyl gellan (LAG), at 0.5 wt% were used. MBP-HAG system showed soft and elastic gels at below 3 wt% MBP content, but gel became weaker due to protein network disruption at higher MBP content. In contrast, MBP-LAG system exhibited a liquid-like behavior and a synergistic interaction between LAG and MBP. High calcium concentration can cause proteins to aggregate leading to protein precipitation. However, such phenomenon could be retarded by both types of gellan gum in the MBP-gellan gum mixtures studied herein. The calcium addition of up to 50 mM did not significantly alter the overall viscoelastic property of MBP-HAG system. In contrast, MBP-LAG system fortified with calcium formed solid gel at low protein content (1 wt%), but excessive calcium ions were required to maintain the strong gel characteristic at higher protein concentration (≥ 3 wt%) due to the competitive binding of calcium between the protein and gellan gum. These results were also supported by their microstructure observed through CLSM and SEM experiments. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The application of hydrocolloids as rheology modifiers is useful to improve the stability and textural properties of plant-based protein drinks. Results from this study are helpful for the industry to understand the textural properties of mung bean protein at varying concentrations in the presence of gellan gum and calcium. Especially, at high calcium fortification which is desirable in plant-based protein drinks, protein aggregation could be retarded by gellan gum. Overall, the finding demonstrated that a range of rheological characteristics of mung bean protein and gellan gum mixtures could be manipulated as desired to meet both nutritional quality and product stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolwan Israkarn
- Advanced Polymer Technology Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chonchanok Buathongjan
- Advanced Polymer Technology Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chaiwut Gamonpilas
- Advanced Polymer Technology Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pawadee Methacanon
- Advanced Polymer Technology Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sirikarn Wisetsuwannaphum
- Advanced Polymer Technology Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Functional Biodegradable Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142500. [PMID: 35889724 PMCID: PMC9318550 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over 367 million tons of plastics are produced annually worldwide, and the growth of plastic pollution has become a global concern [...]
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Rheology Applied to Microgels: Brief (Revision of the) State of the Art. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071279. [PMID: 35406152 PMCID: PMC9003433 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of polymer microgels to rapidly respond to external stimuli is of great interest in sensors, lubricants, and biomedical applications, among others. In most of their uses, microgels are subjected to shear, deformation, and compression forces or a combination of them, leading to variations in their rheological properties. This review article mainly refers to the rheology of microgels, from the hard sphere versus soft particles' model. It clearly describes the scaling theories and fractal structure formation, in particular, the Shih et al. and Wu and Morbidelli models as a tool to determine the interactions among microgel particles and, thus, the viscoelastic properties. Additionally, the most recent advances on the characterization of microgels' single-particle interactions are also described. The review starts with the definition of microgels, and a brief introduction addresses the preparation and applications of microgels and hybrid microgels.
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Ag-loaded and Pd-loaded ZnO nanofiber membranes: preparation via electrospinning and application in photocatalytic antibacterial and dye degradation. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ikram R, Mohamed Jan B, Vejpravova J, Choudhary MI, Zaman Chowdhury Z. Recent Advances of Graphene-Derived Nanocomposites in Water-Based Drilling Fluids. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102004. [PMID: 33050617 PMCID: PMC7600014 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials have distinctive potential for various types of captivating usage in drilling fluids as a well-designed solution for the petroleum industry. Owing to the improvement of drilling fluids, it is of great importance to fabricate unique nanocomposites and advance their functionalities for amplification in base fluids. There is a rising interest in assembling nanocomposites for the progress of rheological and filtration properties. A series of drilling fluid formulations have been reported for graphene-derived nanocomposites as additives. Over the years, the emergence of these graphene-derived nanocomposites has been employed as a paradigm to formulate water-based drilling fluids (WBDF). Herein, we provide an overview of nanocomposites evolution as engineered materials for enhanced rheological attributes in drilling operations. We also demonstrate the state-of-the-art potential graphene-derived nanocomposites for enriched rheology and other significant properties in WBDF. This review could conceivably deliver the inspiration and pathways to produce novel fabrication of nanocomposites and the production of other graphenaceous materials grafted nanocomposites for the variety of drilling fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ikram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Badrul Mohamed Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Jana Vejpravova
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
- Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Hamed R, Mahmoud NN, Alnadi SH, Alkilani AZ, Hussein G. Diclofenac diethylamine nanosystems-loaded bigels for topical delivery: development, rheological characterization, and release studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1705-1715. [PMID: 32892653 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1820038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop novel topical drug delivery systems of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA). Toward this objective, DDEA was loaded into two nanosystems, the oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion (DDEA-NE) and the gold nanorods (GNR) that were conjugated to DDEA, forming DDEA-GNR. The DDEA-NE and DDEA-GNR were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, morphology, thermodynamic stability, DDEA loading efficiency, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. These nanosystems were then incorporated into the biphasic gel-based formulations (bigels) for topical delivery. The rheological characterization and release studies of the DDEA NE- and DDEA GNR-incorporated bigels were performed and compared to those of DDEA traditional bigel. DDEA-NE exhibited a droplet size 15.2 ± 1.5 nm and zeta potential -0.37 ± 0.06 mV. The particle size of GNR was approximately 66 nm × 17 nm with an aspect ratio of approximately 3.8. The bigels showed composition-dependent viscoelastic properties, which in turn play a vital role in determining the rate and mechanism of DDEA release from the bigels. Bigels showed a controlled-release pattern where 61.6, 91.7, and 50.0% of the drug was released from DDEA traditional bigel, DDEA NE-incorporated bigel, and DDEA GNR-incorporated bigel, respectively, after 24 h. The ex vivo permeation studies showed that the amount of DDEA permeated through excised skin was relatively low, between 2.7% and 18.2%. The results suggested that the incorporation of the nanosystems NE and GNR into bigels can potentially improve the topical delivery of DDEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nouf N Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sabreen Hassan Alnadi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ghaid Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
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