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Zingone F, Bertin L, Maniero D, Palo M, Lorenzon G, Barberio B, Ciacci C, Savarino EV. Myths and Facts about Food Intolerance: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4969. [PMID: 38068827 PMCID: PMC10708184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most adverse reactions to food are patient self-reported and not based on validated tests but nevertheless lead to dietary restrictions, with patients believing that these restrictions will improve their symptoms and quality of life. We aimed to clarify the myths and reality of common food intolerances, giving clinicians a guide on diagnosing and treating these cases. We performed a narrative review of the latest evidence on the widespread food intolerances reported by our patients, giving indications on the clinical presentations, possible tests, and dietary suggestions, and underlining the myths and reality. While lactose intolerance and hereditary fructose intolerance are based on well-defined mechanisms and have validated diagnostic tests, non-coeliac gluten sensitivity and fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) intolerance are mainly based on patients' reports. Others, like non-hereditary fructose, sorbitol, and histamine intolerance, still need more evidence and often cause unnecessary dietary restrictions. Finally, the main outcome of the present review is that the medical community should work to reduce the spread of unvalidated tests, the leading cause of the problematic management of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (E.V.S.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Luisa Bertin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (E.V.S.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Daria Maniero
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Michela Palo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Greta Lorenzon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (D.M.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (E.V.S.)
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale—Università Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
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Wang C, Liu XL, Sun Q, Zhao FY, Dai PQ, Li LX, Hu DG. Apple consumption affects cecal health by regulating 12 S-hydroxy-5 Z,8 Z,10 E,14 Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12( S)-HETE) levels through modifying the microbiota in rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:9419-9433. [PMID: 37795613 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Apples are rich in many nutrients and functional components. However, the mechanism of the effect of fresh apple consumption on rats remains unclear. In the present study, fresh apples (10 g kg-1) were added to the diet of Wistar rats, and changes in the microbiota and metabolite content of the cecum were analyzed after 28 days of feeding, and changes in the 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) content and indicators related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were detected. Subsequently, a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol was designed and carried out to verify the relationship between the microbiota and 12(S)-HETE, the cecal structure, and inflammatory factors. The results show that apple consumption significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), altered the cecal histomorphology, and significantly upregulated the gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which encode tight junction proteins. Apple consumption also changed the structure of the cecal microbiota, increasing the abundance of some species (such as Shuttleworthia) and decreasing the abundance of others (such as Alphaproteobacteria). Metabolomic screening identified 64 significantly different metabolites. The FMT results showed that apple consumption reduced 12(S)-HETE metabolite levels in the cecal contents, improved the intestinal structure, and reduced the levels of proinflammatory factor expression by altering the cecal microbiota. In conclusion, this study provides further insight into the effects of apples on animals using rats as experimental animals. It provides basic data for future exploration of the mechanisms of the effect of apple consumption on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, P.R. China.
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Quan Sun
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | | | - Pei-Qiang Dai
- Shandong Delta Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R., China
| | - Ling-Xing Li
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, P.R. China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, P.R. China.
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
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Carson WK, Baumert JL, Clarke JL, Izard J. Small bowel stomas are associated with higher risk of circulating food-specific-IgG than patients with organic gastrointestinal conditions and colostomies. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022; 9:e000906. [PMID: 35790301 PMCID: PMC9258506 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of food sensitivity can easily be masked by other digestive symptoms in ostomates and are unknown. We investigated food-specific-IgG presence in ostomates relative to participants affected by other digestive diseases. DESIGN Food-specific-IgG was evaluated for 198 participants with a panel of 109 foods. Immunocompetency status was also tested. Jejunostomates, ileostomates and colostomates were compared with individuals with digestive tract diseases with inflammatory components (periodontitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, duodenitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and appendicitis), as well as food malabsorption due to intolerance. A logistic regression model with covariates was used to estimate the effect of the experimental data and demographic characteristics on the likelihood of the immune response. RESULTS Jejunostomates and ileostomates had a significant risk of presenting circulating food-specific-IgG in contrast to colostomates (OR 12.70 (p=0.002), 6.19 (p=0.011) and 2.69 (p=0.22), respectively). Crohn's disease, eosinophilic esophagitis and food malabsorption groups also showed significantly elevated risks (OR 4.67 (p=0.048), 8.16 (p=0.016) and 18.00 (p=0.003), respectively), but not the ulcerative colitis group (OR 2.05 (p=0.36)). Individuals with profoundly or significantly reduced, and mild to moderately reduced, levels of total IgG were protected from the formation of food-specific IgG (OR 0.09 (p=<0.001) and 0.33 (p=0.005), respectively). Males were at higher risk than females. CONCLUSION The strength of a subject's immunocompetence plays a role in the intensity to which the humoral system responds via food-specific-IgG. An element of biogeography emerges in which the maintenance of a colonic space might influence the risk of having circulating food-specific-IgG in ostomates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker K Carson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joseph L Baumert
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jennifer L Clarke
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jacques Izard
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Depression in breast cancer patients: Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Automated Classification of Cognitive Workload Levels Based on Psychophysiological and Behavioural Variables of Ex-Gaussian Distributional Features. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050542. [PMID: 35624928 PMCID: PMC9138891 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study is focused on applying ex-Gaussian parameters of eye-tracking and cognitive measures in the classification process of cognitive workload level. A computerised version of the digit symbol substitution test has been developed in order to perform the case study. The dataset applied in the study is a collection of variables related to eye-tracking: saccades, fixations and blinks, as well as test-related variables including response time and correct response number. The application of ex-Gaussian modelling to all collected data was beneficial in the context of detection of dissimilarity in groups. An independent classification approach has been applied in the study. Several classical classification methods have been invoked in the process. The overall classification accuracy reached almost 96%. Furthermore, the interpretable machine learning model based on logistic regression was adapted in order to calculate the ranking of the most valuable features, which allowed us to examine their importance.
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Wu M, Wang X, Sun L, Chen Z. Associations between food-specific IgG and health outcomes in an asymptomatic physical examination cohort. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35305694 PMCID: PMC8933923 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association of food-specific IgG with the development and progression of specific diseases was shown by many studies, it is also present in the population without clinical symptoms. However, the association between food-specific IgG and physical examination outcomes in healthy people has not been studied yet. Methods An asymptomatic physical examination cohort (APEC) was selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the physical examination data were compared between IgG positive and IgG negative groups, and their odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. Results The data of 28,292 subjects were included in the analysis. The overall IgG positive rate was up to 52.30%, mostly with mild to moderate IgG positivity. The multivariable Logistic regression showed the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal fasting blood glucose and overweight was lower in the IgG (+) positive group (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83–0.92; OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99; OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.96) but there was a higher prevalence of thyroid disease (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.15). Conclusion Food-specific IgG positivity was widespread in the APEC and was associated with lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal fasting blood glucose and overweight. The underlying physiological mechanism merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Wu
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li Sun
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zongtao Chen
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Baghlaf MA, Eid NMS. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis Aspects and Nutrition Therapy in Relation to both IgE and IgG Cow’s Milk Protein Allergies among a Population of Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) becoming a major public health issue that has attracted the attention of health professionals and researchers. This paper aimed to review the important aspects of both IgE and IgG types of cow’s milk protein allergy in terms of prevalence, clinical manifestation, risk factors, other health-related issues and nutritional therapy proposed for such allergies in the adult and pediatric population in Saudi Arabia. A search on “cow’s milk allergy” was done using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus Engine for published papers between 1993 and 2020 to find studies yielding knowledge on that context. The prevalence of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) among infants is now in the range of 2–3%. This type of allergy is also detected in adulthood but less frequently. CMPA is defined as an immunological reaction to specific proteins in milk. CMPA is classified based on its type as an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated form and an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated form, each type representing different immunological pathways. The presence of Genetic aspects, family history and short duration of breastfeeding in the infant are among the risk factors contributing to this form of allergy. Its manifestations mainly present as skin presentation, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory presentation in most cases in addition to a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction that may occur in 12% of cases. food allergy committees have developed strict diagnosis criteria, including blood testing for food-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), a skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) as the gold standard. A diet free of cow’s milk protein (CMP) allergen and including the appropriate alternative milk formula is the first line of prevention recommended by many organizations and food allergy experts. As for Saudi Arabia, more research and clinical trials are required to discuss the various aspects of adult and pediatric CMPA and to provide a better understanding along with good control strategies implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Baghlaf
- 1Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M S Eid
- 2Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Friesen C, Colombo J, Schurman J. Update on the Role of Allergy in Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Clinical Perspective. Nutrients 2021; 13:2056. [PMID: 34208479 PMCID: PMC8235503 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and food allergies are relatively common in children and adolescents, and most studies report an association between FAPDs and allergic conditions. FAPDs share pathophysiologic processes with allergies, including both immune and psychological processes interacting with the microbiome. No conclusive data are implicating IgE-mediated reactions to foods in FAPDs; however, there may be patients who have IgE reactions localized to the gastrointestinal mucosa without systemic symptoms that are not identified by common tests. In FAPDs, the data appears stronger for aeroallergens than for foods. It also remains possible that food antigens initiate an IgG reaction that promotes mast cell activation. If a food allergen is identified, the management involves eliminating the specific food from the diet. In the absence of systemic allergic symptoms or oral allergy syndrome, it appears unlikely that allergic triggers for FAPDs can be reliably identified by standard testing. Medications used to blunt allergic reactions or symptomatically treat allergic reactions may be useful in FAPDs. The purpose of the current manuscript is to review the current literature regarding the role of allergy in FAPDs from a clinical perspective, including how allergy may fit in the current model of FAPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Friesen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (J.C.); (J.S.)
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The Infant Microbiome and Its Impact on Development of Food Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:285-299. [PMID: 33863484 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy (FA) has been increasing over the past few decades; recent statistics suggest that FA has an impact on up to 10% of the population and 8% of children. Although the pathogenesis of FA is unclear, studies suggest gut microbiome plays a role in the development of FA. The gut microbiome is influenced by infant feeding method, infant diet, and maternal diet during lactation. Breastfeeding, Mediterranean diet, and probiotics are associated with commensal gut microbiota that protect against FA. This area of research is essential to discovering potential preventive methods or therapeutic targets against FA.
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10
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From "Leaky Gut" to Impaired Glia-Neuron Communication in Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:129-155. [PMID: 33834399 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last three decades, the robust scientific data emerged, demonstrating that the immune-inflammatory response is a fundamental component of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Psychological stress and various inflammatory comorbidities contribute to such immune activation. Still, this is not uncommon that patients with depression do not have defined inflammatory comorbidities, and alternative mechanisms of immune activation need to take place. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, along with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), constitutes the largest lymphatic organ in the human body and forms the biggest surface of contact with the external environment. It is also the most significant source of bacterial and food-derived antigenic material. There is a broad range of reciprocal interactions between the GI tract, intestinal microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, activation of immune-inflammatory response, and the CNS that has crucial implications in brain function and mental health. This intercommunication takes place within the microbiota-gut-immune-glia (MGIG) axis, and glial cells are the main orchestrator of this communication. A broad range of factors, including psychological stress, inflammation, dysbiosis, may compromise the permeability of this barrier. This leads to excessive bacterial translocation and the excessive influx of food-derived antigenic material that contributes to activation of the immune-inflammatory response and depressive psychopathology. This chapter summarizes the role of increased intestinal permeability in MDD and mechanisms of how the "leaky gut" may contribute to immune-inflammatory response in this disorder.
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Carco C, Young W, Gearry RB, Talley NJ, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Increasing Evidence That Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Have a Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:468. [PMID: 33014892 PMCID: PMC7509092 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbial cells inhabiting the body, collectively known as the microbiota. These microbes have several implications for the maintenance of structural integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, metabolism of nutrients, and protection against pathogens. Dysfunctions in these mechanisms are linked to a range of conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, including functional gastrointestinal disorders, ranging from irritable bowel syndrome, to functional constipation and functional diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by chronic abdominal pain with changes in bowel habit in the absence of morphological changes. Despite the high prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the global population, the mechanisms responsible for this condition are poorly understood. Although alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota, low-grade inflammation and immune activation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders, there is inconsistency between studies and a lack of consensus on what the exact role of the microbiota is, and how changes to it relate to these conditions. The complex interplay between host factors, such as microbial dysbiosis, immune activation, impaired epithelial barrier function and motility, and environmental factors, including diet, will be considered in this narrative review of the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Carco
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Gearry
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Rudzki L, Maes M. The Microbiota-Gut-Immune-Glia (MGIG) Axis in Major Depression. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4269-4295. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Vojdani A. Reaction of food‐specific antibodies with different tissue antigens. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc. 822 S. Robertson Blvd., Ste. 312 Los Angeles CA 90035 USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine Loma Linda University School of Medicine 24785 Stewart St., Evans Hall, Ste. 111 Loma Linda CA 92354 USA
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Li C, Liu Y, Fang H, Chen Y, Weng J, Zhai M, Xiao T, Ke X. Study on Aberrant Eating Behaviors, Food Intolerance, and Stereotyped Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:493695. [PMID: 33240114 PMCID: PMC7678488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.493695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the aberrant eating behaviors (EBs), gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and food intolerance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their association with clinical core symptoms of ASD. Method: A total of 94 preschool children with ASD treated at the Child Mental Health Research Center of Nanjing Brain Hospital between October 2016 and April 2018 were enrolled. In addition, 90 children with typical development (TD) in the community during the same period were recruited. The conditions of aberrant EBs and GI symptoms in children were investigated using questionnaire surveys. Serum specific IgG antibodies against 14 kinds of food were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results: The detection rate of aberrant EBs in the ASD group was significantly higher than that in the TD group (67.39 vs. 34.94%), and the rate of GI symptoms was also higher in the ASD group than that in the TD group (80.22 vs. 42.11%). Detection of food intolerance in children with ASD showed that the positive rate was 89.89% and that the majority of children had multiple food intolerances. The correlation analysis results showed that the severity of aberrant EBs positively correlated with stereotyped behavior of children with ASD (r = 0.21, P = 0.04) and that food-specific IgG antibodies concentrations positively correlated with high-level stereotyped behavior in children with ASD (r = 0.23, P = 0.03). Conclusion: ASD with aberrant EBs or high food-specific IgG antibodies concentrations had more severe stereotyped behavior, which may have implications for exploring the immune mechanism of ASD. Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR-RPC-16008139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Weng
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhai
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Children's Mental Health Research Center, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Karakula-Juchnowicz H, Rog J, Juchnowicz D, Łoniewski I, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Krukow P, Futyma-Jedrzejewska M, Kaczmarczyk M. The study evaluating the effect of probiotic supplementation on the mental status, inflammation, and intestinal barrier in major depressive disorder patients using gluten-free or gluten-containing diet (SANGUT study): a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study protocol. Nutr J 2019; 18:50. [PMID: 31472678 PMCID: PMC6717641 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) often does not achieve full remission of symptoms. Therefore, new forms of treatment and/or adjunct therapy are needed. Evidence has confirmed the modulation of the gut-brain-microbiota axis as a promising approach in MDD patients. The overall purpose of the SANGUT study-a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Mental Status, Inflammation, and Intestinal Barrier in Major Depressive Disorder Patients Using Gluten-free or Gluten-containing Diet - is to determine the effect of interventions focused on the gut-brain-microbiota axis in a group of MDD patients. METHODS A total of 120 outpatients will be equally allocated into one of four groups: (1) probiotic supplementation+gluten-free diet group (PRO-GFD), (2) placebo supplementation+ gluten-free diet group (PLA-GFD), (3) probiotic supplementation+ gluten containing diet group (PRO-GD), and (4) placebo supplementation+gluten containing diet group (PLA-GD). PRO groups will receive a mixture of psychobiotics (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175), and GFD groups will follow a gluten-free diet. The intervention will last 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure is change in wellbeing, whereas the secondary outcome measures include physiological parameters. DISCUSSION Microbiota and its metabolites have the potential to influence CNS function. Probiotics may restore the eubiosis within the gut while a gluten-free diet, via changes in the microbiota profile and modulation of intestinal permeability, may alter the activity of microbiota-gut-brain axis previously found to be associated with the pathophysiology of depression. It is also noteworthy that microbiota being able to digest gluten may play a role in formation of peptides with different immunogenic capacities. Thus, the combination of a gluten-free diet and probiotic supplementation may inhibit the immune-inflammatory cascade in MDD course and improve both psychiatric and gut barrier-associated traits. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03877393 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Rog
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-124, Lublin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
- Sanprobi sp. z o.o. sp. k, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Futyma-Jedrzejewska
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1, 20-439, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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Busby E, Bold J, Fellows L, Rostami K. Mood Disorders and Gluten: It's Not All in Your Mind! A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1708. [PMID: 30413036 PMCID: PMC6266949 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten elimination may represent an effective treatment strategy for mood disorders in individuals with gluten-related disorders. However, the directionality of the relationship remains unclear. We performed a systematic review of prospective studies for effects of gluten on mood symptoms in patients with or without gluten-related disorders. Six electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were searched, from inception to 8 August 2018, for prospective studies published in English. Meta-analyses with random-effects were performed. Three randomised-controlled trials and 10 longitudinal studies comprising 1139 participants fit the inclusion criteria. A gluten-free diet (GFD) significantly improved pooled depressive symptom scores in GFD-treated patients (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) -0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.55 to -0.20; p < 0.0001), with no difference in mean scores between patients and healthy controls after one year (SMD 0.01, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.20, p = 0.94). There was a tendency towards worsening symptoms for non-coeliac gluten sensitive patients during a blinded gluten challenge vs. placebo (SMD 0.21, 95% CI -0.58 to 0.15; p = 0.25). Our review supports the association between mood disorders and gluten intake in susceptible individuals. The effects of a GFD on mood in subjects without gluten-related disorders should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Busby
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK.
| | - Justine Bold
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK.
| | - Lindsey Fellows
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK.
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mid-Central District Health Board, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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