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Siddiqui N, Saifi A, Chaudhary A, Tripathi PN, Chaudhary A, Sharma A. Multifaceted Neuroprotective Role of Punicalagin: A Review. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1427-1436. [PMID: 38085406 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are currently afflicted with neurologic conditions like a seizure, depression, stress, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. However, the precise etiopathology of these diseases is still unknown. Substantial studies are being conducted to discover more treatments against these disorders because many patients do not experience the therapeutic benefits that would be expected from using existing pharmaceutical strategies. Herbal medicines which have been used in traditional medicine for millennia to treat various neurological problems are also being investigated and scientifically assessed. Punicalagin is a known polyphenol that has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer properties. Around the world, traditional use of herbal drugs is gaining wider acceptance as a part of complementary and alternative medicine. The scientific community should pay attention to these many neuroprotective pharmacodynamic activities of Punicalagin to create effective pharmacotherapeutic plans, as evidenced by mounting data in pre-clinical research investigations. The current review describes the recent studies on the pharmacological effects of Punicalagin in a variety of neurological illnesses and paves the way for further study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India.
| | - Alimuddin Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Anurag Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Ankit Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
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Fraschetti C, Goci E, Nicolescu A, Cairone F, Carradori S, Filippi A, Palmieri V, Mocan A, Cesa S. Pomegranate Fruit Cracking during Maturation: From Waste to Valuable Fruits. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091908. [PMID: 37174445 PMCID: PMC10178262 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pomegranate is an emerging functional food which is nowadays becoming more and more commercially attractive. Each part of this fruit (peels, arils and seeds) has a specific phytocomplex, rich in anti-oxidant and anti-radical compounds. Among these, punicalagin and ellagic acid continue to be widely studied for their numerous beneficial effects on human health (anti-inflammatory effects, anti-diabetes activity, cardio-protection, cancer prevention). Despite their exceptionally valuable composition and high adaptability to different climatic conditions, pomegranate fruits are highly susceptible to splitting during different stages of ripening, so much so that an estimated 65% of the production may be lost. A "zero-kilometer" approach should therefore be adopted to utilize such a valuable product otherwise destined to be downgraded or even incinerated, with a very high environmental impact. The aim of this work is to highlight and compare the compositional differences between whole and split pomegranates belonging to the cultivar Dente di Cavallo, grown in Apulia (Italy), to assess a valuable role for this split fruit usually considered as waste. The arils and peels are subjected to extraction procedures and the extracts analyzed by CIEL*a*b*, HPLC-DAD and HS-SPME/GC-MS. Moreover, an assessment of the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase enzymes has also been applied. The data show a better chemical profile in split fruits (namely 60% more anthocyanin content than intact fruit) with very interesting results in terms of α-glucosidase inhibition. The juices obtained by squeezing are also compared to commercial juices ("Salus Melagrana" and "La Marianna") processed from the same cultivar and subjected to the same protocol analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Fraschetti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enkelejda Goci
- Pharmacotherapeutic Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aldent University, 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Alexandru Nicolescu
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, Faculty of Horticulture and Business for Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Francesco Cairone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonello Filippi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palmieri
- Fratelli Palmieri Via Emanuele Filiberto, 56, Casalnuovo Monterotaro, 71033 Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, Faculty of Horticulture and Business for Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gheorghe Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Hasnaoui N. Pomegranate peel phenolics: One step water extraction, in vitro antiproliferative activity, and effect on sensory attributes of muffins and cheese. Food Chem 2022; 392:133297. [PMID: 35636181 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is one of the richest fruits species in bioactive compounds, including its non-edible parts. In this work, a simple, rapid and environmentally-friend is described. It allowed the recovery of 108 mg of bioactive per gram of enriched extract from pomegranate peel (PomPE). The quality of PomPE was assessed in terms of antiproliferative activity and its influence on the sensory attributes on muffins and cheese was evaluated. Results showed an IC50 of ∼ 50 µg/ml, which was equal to extract obtained by ethanol 70%. The incorporation of PomPE in muffins formulation improved some sensory attributes by 10%. However, overall, the supplementation of cheese led to a decrease of the sensory parameters. The results concluded that the described method could be an alternative to the conventional techniques to obtain enriched extract with high potential of valorization in food and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejib Hasnaoui
- Laboratory of Valorization of Active Biomolecules (LR22ES02), Higher Institute of Applied Biology, University of Gabes, Medenine 4119, Tunisia.
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Rios-Corripio G, la Peña MMD, Welti-Chanes J, Guerrero-Beltrán JÁ. Pulsed electric field processing of a pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fermented beverage. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chichiarelli S, Altieri F, Paglia G, Rubini E, Minacori M, Eufemi M. ERp57/PDIA3: new insight. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:12. [PMID: 35109791 PMCID: PMC8809632 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERp57/PDIA3 protein is a pleiotropic member of the PDIs family and, although predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has indeed been found in other cellular compartments, such as the nucleus or the cell membrane. ERp57/PDIA3 is an important research target considering it can be found in various subcellular locations. This protein is involved in many different physiological and pathological processes, and our review describes new data on its functions and summarizes some ligands identified as PDIA3-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Enrico Ed Enrica Sovena" Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Impact of anti-PDGFRα antibody surface functionalization on LNC uptake by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fahmy HA, Farag MA. Ongoing and potential novel trends of pomegranate fruit peel; a comprehensive review of its health benefits and future perspectives as nutraceutical. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14024. [PMID: 34923641 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient shrub, globally distributed nowadays. It has been used in the middle east as a medicinal food and traditional medicine for thousands of years. Pomegranate peel (PP) constitutes about 50% of the total fruit, however, it has been previously regarded as a waste. Recent research points to PP as a rich source of phenolics (e.g., ellagitannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), polysaccharides, in addition to its biotransformed metabolites viz. urolithins making it a valuable waste with promising pharmacological actions. Compared to the pulp and the juice, PP exhibited stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Besides, it inhibited inflammation in several conditions, including colitis, arthritis, hepatitis, contact dermatitis, and lung inflammation. Moreover, it displayed anti-osteoporosis, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, vasculoprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, it was effective as a prebiotic and in obesity control, besides it promoted wound healing. Furthermore, PP demonstrated anticancer effects against different cancer types, for example, colon, liver, thyroid, uterine, breast, bladder, prostate, leukemia, and osteosarcoma. Despite PP safety, it may interfere with the metabolism of other drugs because it inhibits cytochromes (CYP) changing their bioavailability, effectiveness, and toxicity. PP biowaste valorization not only avoids against its environmental and economic burden but can also provide a promising platform to produce novel or improved nutraceuticals. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PP biological activities with the reported action mechanisms related to its phytochemicals and further biotransformed metabolites inside the body. Future research prospects to unravel the merits of such waste and optimize its use are discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pomegranate is widely distributed throughout the world. Although its peel was previously considered a waste, recent research regards it as a rich source of bioactive compounds with promising biological activities. Its recycling not only overcomes the bio-waste problems, but also provides a source of valuable compounds with several health benefits. In recent years, PP has been demonstrated to exhibit excellent pharmacological bioactivities, for example, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Its health-promoting power is mostly attributed to the phenolic and polysaccharide content, in addition to its amazing biotransformed metabolites. The underlying action mechanisms of such pharmacological activities are discussed and related to its chemical content. This review presents the latest research progress on the role of PP in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, and its protective health effects for future research to be used in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Cao Y, Ren G, Zhang Y, Qin H, An X, Long Y, Chen J, Yang L. A new way for punicalagin to alleviate insulin resistance: regulating gut microbiota and autophagy. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5689. [PMID: 34262422 PMCID: PMC8254469 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance, defined as a diminished ability to respond to the stimulation of insulin, is the main line for a variety of metabolic-related diseases. Punicalagin (PU), a hydrolyzable tannin of pomegranate juice, exhibits multiple biological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Objective This research study aimed at determining the protective effect of PU on insulin resistance and to uncover the underlying mechanism based on the gut microbiota, IKKβ/NF-κB pathway, and autophagy. Design An insulin resistance animal model was established using C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. The model included two groups continuing a HFD for 12 weeks with or without administering via gavage with PU 20 mg/kg/day. Changes in fasting plasma glucose levels, fasting serum insulin levels, glucose and insulin tolerance, glycolipid metabolism, gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing), inflammatory responses, and autophagy in the liver were evaluated. Body weight gain, glycolipid metabolic disorder, liver injury, as well as systemic and hepatic insulin sensitivity, were significantly attenuated after supplementing with PU. Results This research study revealed that PU alleviated HFD-induced glucose and lipid disorders, liver injury and insulin resistance; decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, decreased the abundance of Coprococcus and Anaerotruncus, and increased Rikenellaceae; and decreased serum and liver tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β levels, inhibited liver IKKβ and NF-κB phosphorylation; and increased liver autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, P62, and Beclin1, and increased the number of liver autophagosomes. Conclusion PU can improve HFD-induced insulin resistance, improved liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and liver injury, and the potential mechanism is that PU inhibited the IKKβ/NF-κB inflammatory pathway by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis and up-regulating liver autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guofeng Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin An
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Long
- Children's Medical Center, People's Hospital, Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kolb H, Martin S, Kempf K. Coffee and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Arguments for a Causal Relationship. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041144. [PMID: 33807132 PMCID: PMC8066601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies concur in an association between habitual coffee consumption and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Several aspects of these studies support a cause–effect relationship. There is a dependency on daily coffee dose. Study outcomes are similar in different regions of the world, show no differences between sexes, between obese versus lean, young versus old, smokers versus nonsmokers, regardless of the number of confounders adjusted for. Randomized controlled intervention trials did not find a consistent impact of drinking coffee on acute metabolic control, except for effects of caffeine. Therefore, lowering of diabetes risk by coffee consumption does not involve an acute effect on the post-meal course of blood glucose, insulin or insulin resistance. Several studies in animals and humans find that the ingestion of coffee phytochemicals induces an adaptive cellular response characterized by upregulation and de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in cell defense and repair. A key regulator is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in association with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMP-activated kinase and sirtuins. One major site of coffee actions appears to be the liver, causing improved fat oxidation and lower risk of steatosis. Another major effect of coffee intake is preservation of functional beta cell mass via enhanced mitochondrial function, lower endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevention or clearance of aggregates of misfolded proinsulin or amylin. Long-term preservation of proper liver and beta cell function may account for the association of habitual coffee drinking with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, rather than acute improvement of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-566036016
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Elshafie HS, Caputo L, De Martino L, Sakr SH, De Feo V, Camele I. Study of Bio-Pharmaceutical and Antimicrobial Properties of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Leathery Exocarp Extract. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010153. [PMID: 33466616 PMCID: PMC7828685 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are important sources of vitamins and minerals and widely used in the dietary supplement industry. An aqueous extract of its leathery exocarp (LEP) was obtained by a solid-phase micro-extraction method. The antifungal activity was examined against the phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas campestris,Bacillus megaterium and Clavibacter michiganensis. The antimicrobial assays showed, in some cases, a promising antimicrobial effect compared to the synthetic drugs. The possible anti-acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant activities of the LEP extract were investigated by the Ellman’s assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, respectively, and their results showed that the LEP extract has an effective anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect and an antioxidant activity. Thus, the LEP extract could be valid as a candidate for further studies on the use of pomegranate in neurodegenerative diseases as a food preservative and a suitable substitute to control several phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Shimaa H. Sakr
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (S.H.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.C.); (L.D.M.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Ippolito Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (H.S.E.); (S.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205544
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Effect of polyphenols extracted from Punica granatum and Acacia saligna plants on glutathione S-transferase of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:524-538. [PMID: 34295051 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are hematophageal ectoparasites that transport major pathogens around the world. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are involved in resistance to acaricide and redox balancing during the life cycle of the tick. The inhibition of tick GST enzymes by certain phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids and tannins, can be a promising approach to tick control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Punica granatum red peel and Acacia saligna leaf extracts on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus GST activity in order to reduce the resistance of cattle to acaricide. The results showed that P. granatum ethanol extract (70%) contained the highest total phenol content (350 ± 1.2 μM GAE g-1), the highest condensed tannin content (270 ± 1.3 μM CE g-1) and the highest hydrolysable tannin content (70 ± 5.0 μM TAE g-1). Adult immersion test with a dosage of 100 mg ml-1 of A. saligna ethanol extracts had a significant mortality of 50% and 75% after 24 h and 96 h, respectively (p < 0.01). A simple and reproducible procedure was established to purify the whole R. annulatus GST (wRaGST) while a full-length cDNA of GST was cloned from a cDNA library of the local Egyptian cattle tick R. (B.) annulatus (rRaGST). Aqueous extracts of P. granatum inhibited both wRaGST and rRaGST with values of IC50 = 0.114 and 0.07 µg ml-1, respectively, compared to A. saligna extracts (IC50 values = 2.08 and 1.35 µg ml, respectively). These inhibitory effects were attributed to the presence of a high tannin concentration (≥ 80%). HPLC analysis indicated the presence of gallic acid and catechin in both extracts, in addition to the rutin, which was only observed in A. saligna extracts. The addition of a tannin inhibitor, polyethylene glycol, suggested the existence of other phenolic compounds in combination with catechins responsible for inhibiting the activity of these extracts. Non-competitive behaviour of catechins may be helpful in preventing, or at least delaying, the development of chemical acaricide resistance in R. annulatus.
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Melgarejo-Sánchez P, Núñez-Gómez D, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Hernández F, Legua P, Melgarejo P. Pomegranate variety and pomegranate plant part, relevance from bioactive point of view: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 38650225 PMCID: PMC10973758 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to the Punicaceae plant family. It is an important fruit due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Pomegranates are widely distributed around the world and, therefore, have a broad genetic diversity, resulting in differences in their phytochemical composition. The scientific community has focused on the positive health effects of pomegranate as a whole, but the different varieties have rarely been compared according to their bioactive compounds and bioactivity. This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the current knowledge on the bioactivity of pomegranate trees, with an emphasis on differentiating both the varieties and the different plant parts. This review intends to provide a general and organized overview of the accumulated knowledge on pomegranates, the identification of the most bioactive varieties, their potential consumption pathways and seeks to provide knowledge on the present gaps to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Melgarejo-Sánchez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Martínez-Nicolás
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pilar Legua
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Plant Production and Microbiology Department, Orihuela Polytechnical High School (EPSO), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Spain
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Cheng F, Dou J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wei H, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Wu Z. Urolithin A Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cells via P53-Mdm2-Snail Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3199-3208. [PMID: 34040386 PMCID: PMC8139733 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s305595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in tumor progression that endows cancer cells with migratory and invasive potential. Snail, a zinc finger transcriptional repressor, plays an important role in the induction of EMT by directly repressing the key epithelial marker E-cadherin. Here, we assessed the effect of urolithin A, a major metabolite from pomegranate ellagitannins, on Snail expression and EMT process. METHODS The role of Snail in urolithin A-induced EMT inhibition in lung cancer cells was explored by wound healing assay and cell invasion assay. The qRT-PCR and CHX assay were performed to investigate how urolithin A regulates Snail expression. Immunoprecipitation assays were established to determine the effects of urolithin A in mdm2-Snail interaction. In addition, the expression of p53 was manipulated to explore its effect on the expression of mdm2 and Snail. RESULTS The urolithin A dose-dependently upregulated epithelial marker and decreased mesenchymal markers in lung cancer cells. In addition, exposure to urolithin A decreased cell migratory and invasive capacity. We have further demonstrated that urolithin A inhibits lung cancer cell EMT by decreasing Snail protein expression and activity. Mechanistically, urolithin A disrupts the interaction of p53 and mdm2 which leads Snail ubiquitination and degradation. CONCLUSION We conclude that urolithin A could inhibit EMT process by controlling mainly Snail expression. These results highlighted the role of pomegranate in regulation of EMT program in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jintao Dou
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Anesthesiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijun Wei
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-Evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhihao Wu Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, People’s Republic of China Email
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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Antioxidant Action and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Myrciaria floribunda Fruit Peels: Possible Involvement of Opioidergic System. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:1258707. [PMID: 32399519 PMCID: PMC7201827 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1258707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluated the antioxidant properties and in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts obtained from fruit peels of Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae). This plant is popularly known in Brazil as Cambuí or camboim. Different extracts were submitted to comparative analysis to determine the content of selected phytochemical classes (levels of total phenols, flavonoids, and monomeric anthocyanins) and the in vitro antioxidant potentials. The extract with higher potential was selected for in vivo evaluation of its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory action. Finally, the chemical characterization of this extract was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MfAE (extract obtained using acetone as solvent) showed the higher levels of phenols (296 mg GAE/g) and anthocyanins contents (35.65 mg Cy-3-glcE/g) that were associated with higher antioxidant activity. MfAE also exhibited in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic propertiers. This fraction inhibited the inflammatory and neurogenic phases of pain, and this effect was reversed by naloxone (suggesting the involvement of opioidergic system). MfAE reduced the abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid (and its derivatives) and ellagic acid. Taken together, these data support the use of M. floribunda fruit peels for development of functional foods and nutraceutics.
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Motikar PD, More PR, Arya SS. A novel, green environment-friendly cloud point extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels: a comparative assessment with ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1746969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja D. Motikar
- Bioprocess Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Pavankumar R. More
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Shalini S. Arya
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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González S. Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Human Health and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020348. [PMID: 32013067 PMCID: PMC7071229 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 32762 Oviedo, Spain; ; Tel.: +34-985-104-209
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 32762 Oviedo, Spain
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Cao Y, Chen J, Ren G, Zhang Y, Tan X, Yang L. Punicalagin Prevents Inflammation in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting FoxO3a/Autophagy Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112794. [PMID: 31731808 PMCID: PMC6893462 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Punicalagin, a hydrolysable tannin of pomegranate juice, exhibits multiple biological effects, including inhibiting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Autophagy, an intracellular self-digestion process, has been recently shown to regulate inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 macrophages and uncovered the underlying mechanisms. Punicalagin significantly attenuated, in a concentration-dependent manner, LPS-induced release of NO and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 release at the highest concentration. We found that punicalagin inhibited NF-κB and MAPK activation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Western blot analysis revealed that punicalagin pre-treatment enhanced LC3II, p62 expression, and decreased Beclin1 expression in LPS-induced macrophages. MDC assays were used to determine the autophagic process and the results worked in concert with Western blot analysis. In addition, our observations indicated that LPS-induced releases of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 were attenuated by treatment with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, suggesting that autophagy inhibition participated in anti-inflammatory effect. We also found that punicalagin downregulated FoxO3a expression, resulting in autophagy inhibition. Overall these results suggested that punicalagin played an important role in the attenuation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and that the mechanisms involved downregulation of the FoxO3a/autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lina Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0731-8480-5464
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Di Sotto A, Locatelli M, Macone A, Toniolo C, Cesa S, Carradori S, Eufemi M, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S. Hypoglycemic, Antiglycation, and Cytoprotective Properties of a Phenol-Rich Extract From Waste Peel of Punica granatum L. var. Dente di Cavallo DC2. Molecules 2019; 24:E3103. [PMID: 31461832 PMCID: PMC6749322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate peel is a natural source of phenolics, claimed to possess healing properties, among which are antioxidant and antidiabetic. In the present study, an ethyl acetate extract, obtained by Soxhlet from the peel of Dente di Cavallo DC2 pomegranate (PGE) and characterized to contain 4% w/w of ellagic acid, has been evaluated for its hypoglycemic, antiglycation, and antioxidative cytoprotective properties, in order to provide possible evidence for future nutraceutical applications. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, interference with advanced glycation end-products (AGE) formation, and metal chelating abilities were studied. Moreover, the possible antioxidant cytoprotective properties of PGE under hyperglycemic conditions were assayed. Phenolic profile of the extract was characterized by integrated chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. PGE resulted able to strongly inhibit the tested enzymes, especially α-glucosidase, and exerted chelating and antiglycation properties. Also, it counteracted the intracellular oxidative stress under hyperglycemic conditions, by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and total glutathione. Among the identified phenolics, rutin was the most abundant flavonoid (about 4 % w/w). Present results suggest PGE to be a possible remedy for hyperglycemia management and encourage further studies to exploit its promising properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Biolley C, Tretola M, Bee G, Jud C, Silacci P. Punicalagin increases glutamate absorption in differentiated Caco-2 cells by a mechanism involving gene expression regulation of an EAAT3 transporter. Food Funct 2019; 10:5333-5338. [PMID: 31389458 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates, for the first time, the ability of punicalagin to modulate intestinal glutamate uptake by upregulation of the expression of one of its transporters present on the enterocyte membrane. The use of an Ussing chamber revealed an increase in glutamate transport in differentiated Caco-2 cells after punicalagin treatment for 24 h. This cell line constitutively expresses two glutamate transporters: EAAT1 and EAAT3. In response to punicalagin, the expression of EAAT3 was increased, at both mRNA and protein levels, but not that of EAAT1. Transfection with EAAT3-targeting siRNA specifically altered basal and induced EAAT3 gene expression, decreasing the positive effect of punicalagin on glutamate uptake. These data confirmed the involvement of EAAT3 in increasing glutamate uptake by enterocytes after punicalagin treatment.
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Kunimi H, Miwa Y, Inoue H, Tsubota K, Kurihara T. A Novel HIF Inhibitor Halofuginone Prevents Neurodegeneration in a Murine Model of Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3171. [PMID: 31261724 PMCID: PMC6651456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration caused with retinal ischemia or high intraocular pressure is irreversible in general. We have focused on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in retinal homeostasis and revealed that HIF inhibition may be effective against retinal neovascular and neurodegeneration. In this study, we performed in vitro screening of natural products and found halofuginone, which is a derivative of febrifugine extracted from hydrangea, as a novel HIF inhibitor. Administration of halofuginone showed a significant neuroprotective effect by inhibiting HIF-1α expression in a murine retinal ischemia-reperfusion model histologically and functionally. These results indicate that halofuginone can be a neuroprotective agent in ischemic retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Kunimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Photobiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan.
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