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Ho TJ, Ahmed T, Shibu MA, Lin YJ, Shih CY, Lin PY, Ling SZ, Chiang CY, Kuo WW, Huang CY. A prospective review of the health-promoting potential of Jing Si Herbal Tea. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:1-22. [PMID: 38406577 PMCID: PMC10887337 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_194_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained considerable attention over the past few years for its multicomponent, multitarget, and multi-pathway approach to treating different diseases. Studies have shown that TCMs as adjuvant therapy along with conventional treatment may benefit in safely treating various disorders. However, investigations on finding effective herbal combinations are ongoing. A novel TCM formula, "Jing Si Herbal Tea (JSHT)," has been reported recently for their health-promoting effects in improving overall body and mental health. JSHT is a combination of eight herbs recognized in Chinese herbal pharmacopoeia for their anti-viral, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties as well as protective effects against cardiovascular, metabolic, neural, digestive, and genitourinary diseases. Thus, to better understand the beneficial effects of the ingredients of JSHT on health, this review intends to summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of the ingredients of JSHT on human health and diseases, and possible therapeutic effects with the related mode of actions and future prospects for their application in complementary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, HualienTzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Yen Shih
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Ling
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chiang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph. D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Wang J, Wang L, Pang Z, Ge Q, Wu Y, Qi X. Integrated Analysis of Ferroptosis and Immunity-Related Genes Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3773-3793. [PMID: 38028994 PMCID: PMC10680475 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s434970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and immunity in DKD could aid the development of potentially effective therapeutics. This study aimed to perform an integrated analysis of ferroptosis and immune-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) in DKD. Materials and Methods Gene expression profiles of samples obtained from patients with DKD and controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using R software, and ferroptosis immune-related differentially expressed genes (FIRDEGs) were extracted from the DEGs. We performed functional enrichment analyses, and constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, transcription factor (TFs)-gene networks, and gene-drug networks to explore their potential biological functions. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for evaluating the FIRDEGs. We used the CIBERSORT algorithm to examine the composition of immune cells and determine the relationship between FIRDEG signatures and immune cells. Finally, the RNA expression of six FIRDEGs was validated in animal kidney samples using RT-PCR. Results We identified 80 FIRDEGs and performed their functional analyses. We identified six hub genes (Ccl5, Il18, Cybb, Fcgr2b, Myd88, and Ccr2) using PPI networks and predicted potential TF gene networks and gene-drug pairs. Immune cells, including M2 macrophages, resting mast cells, and gamma-delta T cells, were altered in DKD; the FIRDEGs (Fcgr2b, Cybb, Ccr2, and Ccl5) were closely correlated with the infiltration abundance of M2 macrophages and gamma-delta T cells. Finally, the hub genes were verified in mouse kidney samples. Conclusion We identified six hub FIRDEGs (Ccl5, Il18, Cybb, Fcgr2b, Myd88, and Ccr2) in DKD, and predicted the potential transcription factor gene networks and possible treatment targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Pang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmiao Ge
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Qi
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People’s Republic of China
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Yong C, Zhang Z, Huang G, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Qian L, Tian F, Liu L, Wu Q, Xu Z, Chen C, Zhao J, Gao K, Zhou E. Exploring the Critical Components and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Perilla frutescens L. in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease via Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:717744. [PMID: 34899287 PMCID: PMC8662752 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic progressive disease that seriously threatens human health. Some patients will continue to progress into the CKD stage 3–5 (also called chronic renal failure), which is mainly manifested by a decline in renal function and multi-system damage. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs in CKD, especially in CKD stage 3–5. But its active components and mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we used network pharmacology to analyze the active components of P. frutescens and the main therapeutic targets for intervention in CKD stage 3–5. Then, the key components were selected for enrichment analysis and identified by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Finally, we verified the critical components through molecular docking, and in vitro experiments. The results show that 19 main active components of P. frutescens were screened, and 108 targets were intersected with CKD stage 3–5. The PPI network was constructed and found that the core nodes AKT1, TP53, IL6, TNF, and MAPK1 may be key therapeutic targets. Enrichment analysis shows that related targets may be involved in regulating various biological functions, and play a therapeutic role in CKD stage 3–5 by regulating apoptosis, T cell receptor, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicates that the key active components were well docked with its corresponding targets. Five active components were identified and quantified by HPLC. According to the results, luteolin was selected as the critical component for further verification. In vitro experiments have shown that luteolin can effectively alleviate adriamycin (ADR)-induced renal tubular apoptosis and suppress AKT and p53 phosphorylation. The effects of luteolin to reduce apoptosis may be mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress and downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p53 pathways. In general, we screened and analyzed the possible active components, therapeutic targets and pathways of P. frutescens for treating CKD. Our findings revealed that luteolin can reduce renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and may be the critical component of P. frutescens in the treatment of CKD. It provides references and direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yong
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengchun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, JiangYan Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoshun Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiye Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Qian
- Division of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Rugao, Rugao, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongchi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Enchao Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lee H, Park E. Perilla frutescens Extracts Enhance DNA Repair Response in UVB Damaged HaCaT Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041263. [PMID: 33921322 PMCID: PMC8070160 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological processes in skin are associated with exposure to UV light and are essential for skin maintenance and regeneration. Here, we investigated whether the leaf and callus extracts of Perilla frutescens (Perilla), a well-known Asian herb, affect DNA damage response and repair in skin and keratinocytes exposed to Untraviolet B (UVB) light. First, we examined the protective effects of Perilla leaf extracts in UVB damaged mouse skin in vivo. Second, we cultured calluses using plant tissue culture technology, from Perilla leaf explant and then examined the effects of the leaf and callus extracts of Perilla on UVB exposed keratinocytes. HaCaT cells treated with leaf and callus Perilla extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, smaller DNA fragment tails, and enhanced colony formation after UVB exposure. Interestingly, keratinocytes treated with the leaf and callus extracts of Perilla showed G1/S cell cycle arrest, reduced protein levels of cyclin D1, Cyclin Dependent Kinase 6 (CDK6), and γH2AX, and enhanced levels of phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1 (pCHK1) following UVB exposure. These observations suggest that the leaf and callus extracts of Perilla are candidate nutraceuticals for the prevention of keratinocyte aging.
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Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217994. [PMID: 33121167 PMCID: PMC7663488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.
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Shin SK, Cho HW, Song SE, Im SS, Bae JH, Song DK. Oxidative stress resulting from the removal of endogenous catalase induces obesity by promoting hyperplasia and hypertrophy of white adipocytes. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101749. [PMID: 33080438 PMCID: PMC7575809 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is regarded as an abnormal expansion and excessive accumulation of fat mass in white adipose tissue. The involvement of oxidative stress in the development of obesity is still unclear. Although mainly present in peroxisomes, catalase scavenges intracellular H2O2 at toxic levels. Therefore, we used catalase-knockout (CKO) mice to elucidate the involvement of excessive H2O2 in the development of obesity. CKO mice with C57BL/6J background gained more weight with higher body fat mass with age than age-matched wild-type (WT) mice fed with either chow or high-fat diets. This phenomenon was attenuated by concomitant treatment with the antioxidants, melatonin or N-acetyl cysteine. Moreover, CKO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) appeared to differentiate to adipocytes more easily than WT MEFs, showing increased H2O2 concentrations. Using 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes transfected with catalase-small interfering RNA, we confirmed that a more prominent lipogenesis occurred in catalase-deficient cells than in WT cells. Catalase-deficient adipocytes presented increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression but decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. Treatment with a NOX4 inhibitor or AMPK activator rescued the propensity for obesity of CKO mice. These findings suggest that excessive H2O2 and related oxidative stress increase body fat mass via both adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Manipulating NOX4 and AMPK in white adipocytes may be a therapeutic tool against obesity augmented by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Song
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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Li N, Wang Z, Sun T, Lei Y, Liu X, Li Z. Apigenin Alleviates Renal Fibroblast Activation through AMPK and ERK Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1107-1118. [PMID: 32196447 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200320140908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Activated fibroblasts contribute remarkably to the development of renal fibrosis. Although apigenin has been demonstrated to play a protective role from fibrotic diseases, its pharmacological effect on renal fibroblast activation remains largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we examined the functional role of apigenin in the activation of renal fibroblasts response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its potential mechanisms. Cultured renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were exposed to apigenin (1, 5, 10 and 20 μM), followed by the stimulation of TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. The markers of fibroblast activation were determined. In order to confirm the anti-fibrosis effect of apigenin, the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in renal fibroblasts was assessed. As a consequence, apigenin alleviated fibroblast proliferation and fibroblastmyofibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1. RESULTS Notably, apigenin significantly inhibited the fibrosis-associated genes expression in renal fibroblasts. Moreover, apigenin treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Apigenin treatment also obviously reduced TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not Smad2/3, p38 and JNK MAPK in renal fibroblasts. CONCLUSION In a summary, these results indicate that apigenin inhibits renal fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and function by AMPK activation and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting it could be an attractive therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Li M, Zhou M, Wei Y, Jia F, Yan Y, Zhang R, Cai M, Gu R. The beneficial effect of oyster peptides and oyster powder on cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive impairment in male rats: A comparative study. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13468. [PMID: 32935351 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oyster peptides and oyster powder on the procreative capacity of rats displaying reproductive dysfunction induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The amino acid composition and relative molecular mass of the oyster peptides and oyster powder were detected using an automatic amino acid analyzer and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After 5 d of exposure to CTX and six weeks of oyster peptide and oyster powder treatment, the biochemical serum indexes of the rats, the expression of related genes and proteins in the testes, as well as the antioxidant status and pathological state of the testes and kidneys were examined. The results showed that oyster peptides could effectively improve the biochemical blood indexes of rats, and increase the level of androgen in the blood, while improving the pathological state and oxidative stress state of the kidneys and testes, therefore, exhibiting a beneficial effect on reproductive injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study examined the activity of oyster peptides and their ability to enhance the procreative capacity of rats with reproductive dysfunction induced by CTX while analyzing the amino acid composition and relative molecular mass of the oyster peptides. The results of this experiment provided a preliminary theoretical basis for the development of new functional foods using oyster peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhuai Jia
- Ningbo Yufangtang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongqiu Yan
- Ningbo Yufangtang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Muyi Cai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizeng Gu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is a stereotypic, multicellular tissue response to diverse types of injuries that fundamentally result from a failure of cell/tissue regeneration. This complex tissue remodeling response disrupts cellular/matrix composition and homeostatic cell-cell interactions, leading to loss of normal tissue architecture and progressive loss of organ structure/function. Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic diseases that may affect the lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Recent Advances: There is emerging evidence to support a combination of genetic, environmental, and age-related risk factors contributing to susceptibility and/or progression of fibrosis in different organ systems. A core pathway in fibrogenesis involving these organs is the induction and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes. Critical Issues: We explore current pharmaceutical approaches to targeting NOX enzymes, including repurposing of currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Specific inhibitors of various NOX homologs will aid establishing roles of NOXs in the various organ fibroses and potential efficacy to impede/halt disease progression. Future Directions: The discovery of novel and highly specific NOX inhibitors will provide opportunities to develop NOX inhibitors for treatment of fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Dong Z, Iqbal S, Zhao Z. Preparation of Ergosterol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability and Antidiabetic Nephropathy Effects. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:64. [PMID: 31932990 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previously studies, we confirmed that ergosterol could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy by suppressing the proliferation of mesangial cells and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the therapeutic application of ergosterol may be confined due to poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. We aim to prepare ergosterol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ERG-NLCs) to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of ergosterol. ERG-NLCs were prepared using glyceryl monostearate and decanoyl/octanoyl-glycerides by hot emulsification-ultrasonication method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug loading (DL) capacity studies. The prepared ERG-NLCs were spherical, with particle size of 81.39 nm and negative zeta potential of 30.77 mV. Ergosterol was successfully encapsulated in NLCs with a high EE of 92.95% and a DL capacity of 6.51%. In pharmacokinetic study, Cmax and AUC0-∞ of ergosterol in ERG-NLCs were obviously enhanced, and the relative oral bioavailability of ERG-NLCs was 277.56% higher than that of raw ergosterol. Moreover, the in vitro pharmacodynamic study indicated that ERG-NLCs inhibited high-glucose-stimulated mesangial cells over proliferation and ECM accumulation more effectively compared to raw ergosterol. In conclusion, the validated ERG-NLCs showed that NLCs mediated delivery could be used as potential vehicle to enhance solubility, oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of ergosterol.
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Li Y, Ren D, Shen Y, Zheng X, Xu G. Altered DNA methylation of TRIM13 in diabetic nephropathy suppresses mesangial collagen synthesis by promoting ubiquitination of CHOP. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102582. [PMID: 31901873 PMCID: PMC6940716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangial collagen synthesis in renal glomeruli contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) which is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism of mesangial collagen synthesis is largely unknown. Methods The differential expression of CHOP and TRIM13 which is a well-defined E3 ubiquitin ligase was compared in renal biopsy samples from DN/normal renal tissues, in isolated glomeruli of diabetic/control mice, as well as in high glucose (HG) or TGF-β1-stimulated renal mesangial cells. Then the relationship between TRIM13 and CHOP was explored using the ubiquitination assay. Findings We found that the expression of TRIM13 was downregulated in renal biopsies, isolated glomeruli of diabetic mice, and HG/TGF-β1-stimulated renal mesangial cells, while the expression of CHOP was upregulated. An increased level of TRIM13 promoter methylation contributed to the deregulation of TRIM13 in renal glomeruli of DN. The ubiquitination assay confirmed that TRIM13 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of CHOP. Meanwhile, overexpressing TRIM13 attenuated DN-induced collagen synthesis and restored renal function in vitro and in vivo via downregulating CHOP. Interpretation Our findings demonstrated that overexpressed TRIM13 suppresses mesangial collagen synthesis in DN by promoting ubiquitination of CHOP, suggesting TRIM13 as a potential therapeutic target in treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Daijin Ren
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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