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Buzigi E, Pillay K, Siwela M, Mkhwanazi B, Ngidi M, Ssozi J, Mahinda BM, Isingoma EB. Lactating mothers' perceptions and sensory acceptability of a provitamin A carotenoid-iron-rich composite dish prepared from iron-biofortified common bean and orange-fleshed sweet potato in rural western Uganda. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3949-3963. [PMID: 38873437 PMCID: PMC11167192 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Uganda's lactating mothers are vulnerable to deficiencies of vitamin A and iron because they consume plant-based conventional foods such as white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and non-iron biofortified common bean (NIBCB) that are low in provitamin A (PVA) and iron, respectively. A PVA carotenoid-iron-rich dish was prepared from a combination of orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) and iron-biofortified common bean (IBCB). This study evaluated the perceptions and sensory acceptability of OFSP+IBCB (test food) against WFSP+NIBCB (control food) among lactating mothers in rural Uganda. A total of 94 lactating mothers participated in the study. The sensory attributes (taste, color, aroma, texture, and general acceptability) of test and control foods were rated using a five-point facial hedonic scale (1 = dislike very much, 2 = dislike, 3 = neutral, 4 = like 5 = like very much). An attribute was acceptable if the participant scored from like to like very much. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to assess participant perceptions about their future consumption of OFSP+IBCB. The chi-square test was used to detect the proportion difference for each sensory attribute between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB, while FGD data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Taste, color, and aroma were acceptable to the mothers and not significantly different between OFSP+IBCB and WFSP+NIBCB (p > .05). Participants had positive perceptions of the taste, aroma, and color of the OFSP+IBCB and negative perceptions about the soft texture of OFSP. The lactating mothers had positive perceptions of consuming OFSP+IBCB provided they were accessible, affordable, and feasible to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Buzigi
- Department of Community Health & Behavioural SciencesSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere UniversityKampalaUganda
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
- Department of Public Health & NutritionFaculty of Health Sciences Victoria UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Blessing Mkhwanazi
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Mjabuliseni Ngidi
- Department of Dietetics and Human NutritionSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Joshua Ssozi
- Department of Public Health & NutritionFaculty of Health Sciences Victoria UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Babra Muhindo Mahinda
- Department of Public Health & NutritionFaculty of Health Sciences Victoria UniversityKampalaUganda
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Olaniran AF, Okonkwo CE, Iranloye YM, Morakinyo OO, Taiwo AE, Erinle OC, Bamidele OP, Ojo OA, Malomo AA, Osemwegie OO. Fermented Gluten-Free Multi-Grain Cereal Paste Development: The Role of the Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) as a Dietary Supplement. Nutr Metab Insights 2023; 16:11786388231155007. [PMID: 36937079 PMCID: PMC10021086 DOI: 10.1177/11786388231155007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiencies is a becoming persistent among young children and a growing concern to parents in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in crisis-affected areas. Fermented cereal paste from maize, millets, and sorghum grains are significant food for young children. Thus, the study focuses on food fortification using orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) as fortifier as studies have confirmed the presence of nutrients that can help meet the Vitamin A dietary requirement. The cereals were soaked ambient temperature (27 ± 1°C) for 72 hours and were blended with OFSP (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50), and the formulated products were studied for Vitamin A, β-carotene, proximate composition, physicochemical, functional properties, and storage. Application of OFSP as forticant increased the Vitamin A (4.98-6.65 mg/100 g), β-carotene (0.10-0.17 mg/100 g) and the calorific value (222.03-301.75 kcal) of the gluten-free multi-grain cereal paste. The addition of OFSP also increased the ash content (1.41%-3.35%), crude fiber (2.56%-4.225%), carbohydrate (39.83%-48.35%), total solid content (55.20%-60.87%), and water absorption capacity (112.20%-137.49%) of the formulated cereal samples. The fortified fermented paste was objectively stable throughout on the shelf from the storage studies. The study deduced that addition of orange-fleshed sweet potato to fermented mixed cereal paste as a fortifier can help increase the nutritional quality of the complementary food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Folakemi Olaniran
- Department of Food Science and
Microbiology, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran,
Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Clinton Emeka Okonkwo
- Department of Food Science, College of
Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Yetunde Mary Iranloye
- Department of Food Science and
Microbiology, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran,
Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Olubunmi Morakinyo
- Department of Food Science and
Microbiology, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran,
Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Abiola Ezekiel Taiwo
- Faculty of Engineering, Mangosuthu
University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Oluwakemi Christianah Erinle
- Department of Agricultural and
Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara
State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowen
University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Department of
Biochemistry, Bowen University, P.M.B. 284, Iwo, Osun State 232101, Nigeria.
| | - Adekunbi Adetola Malomo
- Department of Food Science and
Technology, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State,
Nigeria
| | - Omorefosa Osarenkhoe Osemwegie
- Department of Food Science and
Microbiology, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran,
Kwara State, Nigeria
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Sodedji FAK, Ryu D, Choi J, Agbahoungba S, Assogbadjo AE, N’Guetta SPA, Jung JH, Nho CW, Kim HY. Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis for Carotenoid Content among Sprouts of Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3696. [PMID: 35409065 PMCID: PMC8998333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and promotion of biofortified foods plants are a sustainable strategy for supplying essential micronutrients for human health and nutrition. We set out to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with carotenoid content in cowpea sprouts. The contents of carotenoids, including lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene in sprouts of 125 accessions were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant variation existed in the profiles of the different carotenoids. Lutein was the most abundant (58 ± 12.8 mg/100 g), followed by zeaxanthin (14.7 ± 3.1 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (13.2 ± 2.9 mg/100 g). A strong positive correlation was observed among the carotenoid compounds (r ≥ 0.87), indicating they can be improved concurrently. The accessions were distributed into three groups, following their carotenoid profiles, with accession C044 having the highest sprout carotenoid content in a single cluster. A total of 3120 genome-wide SNPs were tested for association analysis, which revealed that carotenoid biosynthesis in cowpea sprouts is a polygenic trait controlled by genes with additive and dominance effects. Seven loci were significantly associated with the variation in carotenoid content. The evidence of variation in carotenoid content and genomic regions controlling the trait creates an avenue for breeding cowpea varieties with enhanced sprouts carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Dahye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
| | - Symphorien Agbahoungba
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Cotonou 05 BP 1752, Benin; (S.A.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo N’Guetta
- West Africa Center of Excellence in Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), Biosciences Research Unit, University Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan 582, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (F.A.K.S.); (D.R.); (J.C.); (J.H.J.); (C.W.N.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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López C, Muñoz P, Zanga D, Girón-Calva PS, Eizaguirre M. Fitness Costs of Two Maize Lepidopteran Pests Fed on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Diets Enriched with Vitamins A and C. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080718. [PMID: 34442284 PMCID: PMC8396949 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Biotechnologists are designing new transgenic plants enriched with micronutrients and vitamins that are resistant to insects. These new plants could favor the development of some pest insects. This work aims to discover the effect of adding two vitamins, A and C, to insect diets prepared with Bt and no-Bt maize in two maize insect pests. M. unipuncta was less sensitive to the toxin, although ingestion of the Bt diet resulted in longer larval development and lower pupal weight, which were not mitigated by any of the vitamins. However, the two vitamins reduced the mortality of H. armigera larvae fed on the Bt diet. In addition, we found evidence of the antioxidant function of vitamin A. The results obtained here indicate that crops enriched with these vitamins will hardly favor the development of H. armigera and suggest that they do not affect M. unipuncta’s development at all. Abstract Serious malnutrition problems occur in developing countries where people’s diets are mainly based on staple crops. To alleviate this, high-production crops are being developed that are better adapted to climate change, enriched in micronutrients and vitamins, or resistant to pests. In some cases, new varieties have been developed with several of the characteristics mentioned above, such as biofortified and pest-resistant crops. The development of biofortified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops raises the question of whether vitamin enrichment of Bt crops can in any way favor those pests that are not very susceptible to the Bt toxin that feed on these crops, such as Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) or Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In this study, the response to a Bt diet enriched with vitamins A (β-carotene) and C (ascorbic acid) was somewhat different between the two species. M. unipuncta was less sensitive to the toxin than H. armigera, although the ingestion of the Bt diet resulted in oxidative stress (longer larval development and lower pupal weight) which was not mitigated by the vitamins. However, the two vitamins reduced the mortality of H. armigera larvae fed on a Bt-enriched diet; in addition, ß-carotene reduced the activity of the antioxidant glutathione S-transferase (GST) of both species, suggesting it has an antioxidant role. The results obtained here indicate that biofortified Bt crops will not favor the development of H. armigera very much and will not affect M. unipuncta’s development at all, although the effect of the increase in vitamins may be very variable and should be studied for each specific phytophagous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen López
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotenio Center, Av. Al. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.S.G.-C.)
| | - Pilar Muñoz
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotenio Center, Av. Al. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.S.G.-C.)
| | - Daniela Zanga
- Laboratori de Sanitat Vegetal, Departament d’Agricultura, Ramadera i Pesca, Generalitat de Catalunya, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Patricia Sarai Girón-Calva
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotenio Center, Av. Al. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.S.G.-C.)
| | - Matilde Eizaguirre
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotenio Center, Av. Al. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (P.M.); (P.S.G.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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Chawafambira A, Nyoni Q, Mkungunugwa T. The potential of utilizing Provitamin A-biofortified maize in producing mutwiwa, a Zimbabwean traditional fermented food. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1521-1529. [PMID: 33747466 PMCID: PMC7958571 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofortification interventions have the potential to combat micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which is prevalent in Zimbabwe. The poor acceptability of provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified maize is still a challenge that exists in Zimbabwe. This study investigated the effect of replacing white maize (WM) with PVA-biofortified maize on the nutritional composition of mutwiwa, a Zimbabwean traditional food, and its microbiological safety. Chemical and microbiological tests were conducted using AOAC standard methods. Total carotene content was 12.78 µg/g dry weight (DW) in PVA-biofortified maize and 1.52 µg/g DW in WM. The proximate composition of PVA-biofortified mutwiwa (PVABM) was 5.2, 28.6, 2.1, 62.2, and 2.0 g/100 g wet basis (w.b) for protein, carbohydrates fiber, moisture, and ash, respectively. Total soluble solids, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin A contents were 3.6 oBrix, 110 µg/100 g, 0.54 mg/100 g, and 9 µg REA/100 g, respectively. Lysine, phenylalanine, and histidine contents were 0.71, 1.15, and 0.56 g/100 g w.b, respectively. Iron, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc content were 7.8, 60.5, 410.8, and 60 mg/100 g w.b, respectively. Mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, coliforms, yeast, and molds were all <1 Log CFU/ml. The nutritional, amino acid and mineral contents were significantly different (p < .05). In conclusion, the results of this study were satisfying and recommend the processing of PVA-biofortified maize as a potential strategy to combat VAD and mineral malnutrition in Zimbabwe and other regions in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armistice Chawafambira
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiZimbabwe
| | - Qhubekani Nyoni
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiZimbabwe
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Benefits and Trade-Offs of Smallholder Sweet Potato Cultivation as a Pathway toward Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), will shape national development plans up to 2030. SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger) and 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) are particularly crucial for the poor, given they target the basic human needs for development and fundamental human rights. The majority of poor and malnourished people in the developing world live in rural areas and engage in farming as a key part of their livelihoods, with food and agriculture at the heart of their development concerns. Crops that can provide both food and energy without detrimental impacts on soil or water resources can be particularly beneficial for local development and smallholder farmers. Sweet potato, in particular, is starting to attract growing attention from researchers and policymakers as it has the potential to address these global problems and promote a sustainable society. We systematically review the literature to assess how sweet potato can support smallholder farmers to make progress towards the SDGs. We find that sweet potato has important untapped potential to advance progress, particularly linked to its versatility as a crop and its multiple end-uses. However, further research is paramount in order to better recognise and harness its potential to address the issues of food, nutrition and energy security in the context of a changing global climate. Further investigation is also needed into the trade-offs that occur in the use of sweet potato to support progress towards the SDGs.
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Woods BJ, Gallego-Castillo S, Talsma EF, Álvarez D. The acceptance of zinc biofortified rice in Latin America: A consumer sensory study and grain quality characterization. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242202. [PMID: 33175890 PMCID: PMC7657500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a major public health problem in vulnerable populations of Latin America and the Caribbean. Biofortification of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with zinc has the potential to alleviate zinc deficiencies. However, as plant breeding processes can alter grain culinary quality and favorable sensory attributes, grain quality and consumer acceptability need to be assessed prior to releasing a variety to the public. A grain quality characterization and a sensory acceptability analysis were carried out with two varieties of zinc biofortified rice and a local control both in Bolivia and Colombia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters that are significant in consumer acceptance and to determine the acceptability of zinc biofortified rice by consumers. Results of physicochemical parameters were analyzed using ANOVA. The sensory acceptability was evaluated in 243 adults utilizing a 7-point hedonic scale and a Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to determine the overall acceptability of the varieties. Biofortified rice variety T2-11 and MAC-18 -control 1- were equally accepted by consumers in Bolivia with no significant differences (p<0.05). The grain quality analysis reported that both presented long and slender rice grains (L>7.5 mm and L/B>3), an intermediate to high amylose content (>25%) and a similar level of chalkiness. In Colombia, the biofortified variety 035 presented a higher score in overall acceptance in comparison to biofortified variety 021 and the local variety CICA4 -control 2-. However, no significant differences were observed (p<0.05). Conversely to the other two varieties, the biofortified variety 035 presented the largest size grain (L/B = 2.97), a lower chalkiness and an amylose content above 25%. This study shows that the grain quality properties of rice have an influence on acceptability and that zinc biofortified rice varieties are accepted by consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jane Woods
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Gallego-Castillo
- HarvestPlus, c/o The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- HarvestPlus, c/o The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Berkenstock MK, Castoro CJ, Carey AR. Outer retina changes on optical coherence tomography in vitamin A deficiency. Int J Retina Vitreous 2020; 6:23. [PMID: 32518692 PMCID: PMC7275575 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-020-00224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin A deficiency is rare in the United States and can be missed in patients with malabsorption syndromes without a high dose of suspicion. Ocular complications of hypovitaminosis A include xerosis and nyctalopia, and to a lesser extent reduction in visual acuity and color vision. Outer retinal changes, as seen on spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT), in patients with vitamin A deficiency have previously not been documented. Case presentation We present two cases with symptoms of severe nyctalopia who were subsequently diagnosed with severe Vitamin A deficiency and their unique findings on SD-OCT of outer nuclear layer diffuse thinning with irregular appearance of the interdigitating zone and the ellipsoid zone as well as normalization after vitamin A supplementation. Conclusions Outer nuclear layer thinning and disruption of the outer retinal bands on SD-OCT are reversible with correction of vitamin A deficiency. Improvement in visual acuity, color vision, and nyctalopia are possible with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Berkenstock
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Woods 459A, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Charles J Castoro
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Woods 459A, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Andrew R Carey
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Woods 459A, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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Cabezuelo MT, Zaragozá R, Barber T, Viña JR. Role of Vitamin A in Mammary Gland Development and Lactation. Nutrients 2019; 12:E80. [PMID: 31892157 PMCID: PMC7019238 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), its active derivatives retinal and retinoic acid, and their synthetic analogues constitute the group of retinoids. It is obtained from diet either as preformed vitamin A or as carotenoids. Retinal plays a biological role in vision, but most of the effects of vitamin A are exerted by retinoic acid, which binds to nuclear receptors and regulates gene transcription. Vitamin A deficiency is an important nutritional problem, particularly in the developing world. Retinol and carotenoids from diet during pregnancy and lactation influence their concentration in breast milk, which is important in the long term, not only for the offspring, but also for maternal health. In this study, we review the role of vitamin A in mammary gland metabolism, where retinoid signaling is required not only for morphogenesis and development of the gland and for adequate milk production, but also during the weaning process, when epithelial cell death is coupled with tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cabezuelo
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- University Hospital Doctor Peset, Gaspar Aguilar, 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.B.); (J.R.V.)
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.B.); (J.R.V.)
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Govender L, Pillay K, Siwela M, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T. Consumer Perceptions and Acceptability of Traditional Dishes Prepared with Provitamin A-Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1577. [PMID: 31336921 PMCID: PMC6682973 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is prevalent in South Africa, particularly among predominantly poor rural communities. Provitamin A (PVA)-biofortified crops could be used to address VAD; however, there are challenges of poor consumer acceptability. This study investigated the effect of replacing white maize and cream-fleshed sweet potato (CFSP) with PVA-biofortified maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), respectively, on consumer acceptability and perceptions of traditional dishes of rural communities in South Africa. Consumer acceptability of PVA-biofortified phutu (a crumbly maize porridge) served with either curried cabbage, chicken or bambara groundnut, separately, and boiled OFSP was evaluated by black South African adults (n = 120) using a five-point facial hedonic scale. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 56 subjects recruited from the consumer panel to assess consumer perceptions of the food samples. The majority of the participants rated the composite dishes containing PVA-biofortified phutu as "4 = good" and the acceptability of the composite dishes varied significantly (p < 0.05). Compared to other age groups, the 50-59-year age group showed higher preference for white phutu and chicken curry, whereas the 30-39-year age group showed higher preference for PVA-biofortified phutu and chicken curry. The acceptability of OFSP and CFSP was similar. The study participants showed positive perceptions of the OFSP, as well as PVA-biofortified phutu if served with either curried chicken or cabbage. The findings suggest that PVA-biofortified maize and OFSP can replace white maize and CFSP, respectively, in selected traditional dishes of the rural communities studied to alleviate VAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurencia Govender
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Albert Thembinkosi Modi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
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