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Tarsitano MG, Quinzi F, Folino K, Greco F, Oranges FP, Cerulli C, Emerenziani GP. Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities: a systematic review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:629. [PMID: 38970118 PMCID: PMC11227245 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium is a micronutrient and an intracellular cation responsible for different biochemical reactions involved in energy production and storage, control of neuronal and vasomotor activity, cardiac excitability, and muscle contraction. Magnesium deficiency may result in impaired physical performance. Moreover, magnesium plays an important role on delayed onset muscle soreness after training. Thus, physically active individuals and sport specialists have to pay attention to magnesium supplementation (MgS). However, the type, timing and dosage of magnesium intake are not well elucidated yet. Hence, we aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the effects of MgS on muscle soreness in physically active individuals. We focused exclusively on MgS, excluding those studies in which magnesium was administered together with other substances. METHODS Three electronic databases and literature sources (PUBMED, SCOPUS and Web of Sciences-Core Collection) were searched, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. After the database search, 1254 articles were identified, and after excluding duplicates, 960 articles remained. Among these, 955 were excluded following the title and abstract screening. The remaining 5 articles were screened in full text and 4 study met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS These studies showed that MgS reduced muscle soreness, improved performance, recovery and induced a protective effect on muscle damage. CONCLUSION To reach these positive effects, individuals engaged in intense exercise should have a Mg requirement 10-20% higher than sedentary people, to be taken in capsules and 2 h before training. Moreover, it is suggested to maintain magnesium levels in the recommended range during the off-season. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024501822.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Tarsitano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy.
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Katia Folino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Francesca Greco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico" of Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Francesco Pio Oranges
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Claudia Cerulli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University "Foro Italico" of Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Gian Pietro Emerenziani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Caballero-García A, Noriega-González DC, Roche E, Drobnic F, Córdova A. Effects of L-Carnitine Intake on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112587. [PMID: 37299549 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage results in decreased physical performance that is accompanied by an inflammatory response in muscle tissue. The inflammation process occurs with the infiltration of phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) that play a key role in the repair and regeneration of muscle tissue. In this context, high intensity or long-lasting exercise results in the breakdown of cell structures. The removal of cellular debris is performed by infiltrated phagocytes, but with the release of free radicals as collateral products. L-carnitine is a key metabolite in cellular energy metabolism, but at the same time, it exerts antioxidant actions in the neuromuscular system. L-carnitine eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that, in excess, alter DNA, lipids and proteins, disturbing cell function. Supplementation using L-carnitine results in an increase in serum L-carnitine levels that correlates positively with the decrease in cell alterations induced by oxidative stress situations, such as hypoxia. The present narrative scoping review focuses on the critical evaluation of the efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage, particularly in postexercise inflammatory and oxidative damage. Although both concepts appear associated, only in two studies were evaluated together. In addition, other studies explored the effect of L-carnitine in perception of fatigue and delayed onset of muscle soreness. In view of the studies analyzed and considering the role of L-carnitine in muscle bioenergetics and its antioxidant potential, this supplement could help in postexercise recovery. However, further studies are needed to conclusively clarify the mechanisms underlying these protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain
| | - David C Noriega-González
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Services Wolverhampton Wanderers FC, Wolverhampton WV3 9BF, UK
| | - Alfredo Córdova
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
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Nichols QZ, Ramadoss R, Stanzione JR, Volpe SL. Micronutrient supplement intakes among collegiate and masters athletes: A cross-sectional study. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:854442. [PMID: 37090821 PMCID: PMC10117840 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.854442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIn our cross-sectional study, we evaluated micronutrient supplementation intake among Collegiate and Masters Athletes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to assess micronutrient supplementation consumption in Collegiate and Masters Athletes, comparing sex and sport classification within each respective group. Micronutrient supplement consumption data were measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A two-way analysis of variance was used to explore the differences among Collegiate and Masters Athletes' supplement intakes of the following vitamins and minerals: vitamins A, B6, B12, C, E, D, and calcium, folate, iron, magnesium niacin, riboflavin, selenium, thiamine, and zinc. When significant differences were found, a Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to identify specific group differences. The significance level was set a priori at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 198 athletes (105 females and 93 males) were included in the study. Participants were 36.16 ± 12.33 years of age. Collegiate male athletes had significantly greater vitamin A [1,090.51 ± 154.72 vs. 473.93 ± 233.18 mg retinol activity equivalents (RAE)/day] (p < 0.036), folate [337.14 ± 44.79 vs. 148.67 ± 67.50 mcg dietary folate equivalents (DFE)/day] (p < 0.027), and magnesium (65.35 ± 8.28 vs. 31.28 ± 12.48 mg/day) (p < 0.031) intakes compared to Collegiate female athletes. Collegiate CrossFit Athletes (940.71 ± 157.54 mg/day) had a significantly greater vitamin C intake compared to Collegiate General Athletes (156.34 ± 67.79 mg/day) (p < 0.005), Collegiate Triathletes (88.57 ± 148.53 mg/day) (p < 0.027), Collegiate Resistance Training Athletes (74.28 ± 143.81 mg/day) (p < 0.020), and Collegiate Powerlifters (175.71 ± 128.63 mg/day) (p < 0.044). Masters females had significantly greater calcium intakes compared to Masters males (494.09 ± 65.73 vs.187.89 ± 77.23 mg/day, respectively) (p < 0.002). Collegiate Runners (41.35 ± 6.53 mg/day) had a significantly greater iron intake compared to Collegiate Powerlifters (4.50 ± 6.53 mg/day) (p < 0.024). Masters Swimmers (61.43 ± 12.10 mg/day) had significantly greater iron intakes compared to Masters General Athletes (13.97 ± 3.56 mg/day) (p < 0.014), Masters Runners (17.74 ± 2.32 mg/day) (p < 0.03), Masters Triathletes (11.95 ± 3.73 mg/day) (p < 0.008), Masters CrossFit Athletes (15.93 ± 5.36 mg/day) (p < 0.043), Masters Rowers (9.10 ± 3.36 mg/day) (p < 0.003), and Masters Cyclists (1.71 ± 9.88 mg/day) (p < 0.011). Masters Powerlifters (47.14 ± 9.65 mg/day) had significantly greater zinc intakes compared to Masters General Athletes (9.57 ± 2.84 mg/day) (p < 0.015), Masters Runners (10.67 ± 1.85 mg/day) (p < 0.017), Masters Triathletes (10.24 ± 2.98 mg/day) (p < 0.020), Masters Rowers (9.33 ± 2.68 mg/day) (p < 0.013), and Masters Cyclists (1.43 ± 7.88 mg/day) (p < 0.019). There were no other significant differences among the other micronutrient supplement intakes between the sexes or among the sport classification.ConclusionWe reported significant differences among female and male Collegiate and Masters Athletes. Additionally, we reported significant differences among Collegiate and Masters Athletes sport classifications. Further research should examine both dietary and micronutrient supplement intake among Collegiate and Masters Athletes to examine the extent that athletes exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), and the potential effects on health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Z. Nichols
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rohit Ramadoss
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joseph R. Stanzione
- Nutrition & Scientific Affairs, Worldwide Sport Nutritional Supplements, Bohemia, NY, United States
| | - Stella L. Volpe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Correspondence: Stella L. Volpe
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Maeda T, Hamada Y, Funakoshi S, Hoshi R, Tsuji M, Narumi-Hyakutake A, Matsumoto M, Kakutani Y, Hatamoto Y, Yoshimura E, Miyachi M, Takimoto H. Determination of Optimal Daily Magnesium Intake among Physically Active People: A Scoping Review. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:189-203. [PMID: 35768250 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the optimal daily magnesium (Mg) intake for individuals with high levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the optimal dietary Mg intake for people with high levels of physical activity in a scoping review. In this review, we searched MEDLINE and Japan Medical Abstracts Society for studies published up to May 31, 2020. We conducted two searches, one for studies using gold standard measurement methods such as the balance method and factorial calculation (Search 1), and the other for studies using estimation from daily food intake (Search 2). We also performed a meta-analysis of studies that compared the Mg intake among physically active people with the Mg intake among controls. After the primary and secondary screening, 31 studies were included in the final review. All of the included studies examined professional or recreational athletes. We found no studies that examined the optimal intake of Mg using gold standard measurement methods. The Mg intake among physically active individuals was below the recommended dietary allowance in most studies. In five studies that conducted meta-analyses, physically active individuals had significantly higher intakes of Mg than controls, although these levels were still below the recommended dietary allowance. The present review revealed that evidence regarding the optimal daily magnesium intake is currently scarce, and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Yuka Hamada
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Shunsuke Funakoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Rena Hoshi
- Department of Social Information, Faculty of Studies on Contemporary Society, Mejiro University
| | - Masayoshi Tsuji
- Department of Lifestyle and Welfare Information, Kindai University Kyushu Junior College
| | | | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Yuya Kakutani
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women's University
| | - Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Carvalho JFD, Ferner CAB. Nutraceuticals improved physical performance in an ankylosing spondylitis patient reaching 200km of cycling per week. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:187-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of Eccentric vs. Concentric Sports on Blood Muscular Damage Markers in Male Professional Players. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030343. [PMID: 35336717 PMCID: PMC8945725 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Muscle eccentric contractions produce a higher degree of damage compared to concentric contractions. However, during sport practice (training and competition), eccentric as well as concentric actions appear at different levels. The presence of muscle-specific proteins in circulation is indicative of damage. The present report compares three sport disciplines: cycling, mainly concentric, volleyball, mainly eccentric in the legs and concentric in the arms, and basketball, mainly eccentric. The aim was to analyze the pattern of muscular injury blood markers in professional players in two moments of the season: after a training period and after a competition period. Results show that after a training period, muscle damage blood markers are higher in basketball and volleyball players, as expected due to their dominant eccentric component. However, during competition, these markers are higher in cyclists as a result of frequent eccentric actions. Therefore, the component eccentric–concentric is not defined exclusively by the sport discipline. The moment of the season (training vs. competition) has to be considered as well. This information could help sport professional to planify more specific training programs, preparations for competition, as well as post-exercise recovery. Abstract Background: Repetitive eccentric contractions can lead to higher degree of damage compared to repetitive concentric contractions. However, this type of exercise does not reproduce the real situations during the season in competitive sport disciplines. Methods: We analyzed the pattern of muscle damage blood markers in male professionals from three disciplines: cycling (n = 18), mainly concentric, vs. basketball (n = 12) and volleyball (n = 14), both mainly eccentric. Circulating muscle markers were analyzed in two moments of the regular season: after a 20-day training (no competition) period (T1) and after a 20-day period of high demanding competition (T2). Results: Blood levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin (muscle markers) increased in all groups at T2 compared to T1 as a result of competition intensity. The lower increases were noticed in cyclists at the end of both periods. Testosterone levels decreased at T2 compared to T1 in all disciplines, with lower levels found in cyclists. However, cortisol plasma levels decreased in basketball and volleyball players at T2, but increased significantly in cyclists, suggesting a limited adaptation to the effort. Conclusions: The pattern of circulating muscle markers is different depending of the demanding efforts (training vs. competition) of each particular discipline.
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, del Valle Soto M, Adams DP, Gutiérrez-Abejón E, Seco-Calvo J. Impact of Optimal Timing of Intake of Multi-Ingredient Performance Supplements on Sports Performance, Muscular Damage, and Hormonal Behavior across a Ten-Week Training Camp in Elite Cyclists: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:3746. [PMID: 34836002 PMCID: PMC8618318 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-ingredient performance supplements (MIPS), ingested pre- or post-workout, have been shown to increase physiological level effects and integrated metabolic response on exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of pre-and post-training supplementation with its own MIPS, associated with CHO (1 g·kg-1) plus protein (0.3 g·kg-1) on exercise-related benchmarks across a training camp for elite cyclists. Thirty elite male cyclists participated in a randomized non-placebo-controlled trial for ten weeks assigned to one of three groups (n = 10 each): a control group treated with CHO plus protein after training (CG); a group treated with MIPS before training and a CHO plus protein after training, (PRE-MIPS); a group treated with CHO plus protein plus MIPS after training, (POST-MIPS). Performance parameters included (VO2max, peak; median and minimum power (W) and fatigue index (%)); hormonal response (Cortisol; Testosterone; and Testosterone/Cortisol ratio); and muscle biomarkers (Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Myoglobin (Mb)) were assessed. MIPS administered before or after training (p ≤ 0.05) was significantly influential in attenuating CK, LDH, and MB; stimulating T response and modulating C; and improved on all markers of exercise performance. These responses were greater when MIPS was administered post-workout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Miguel del Valle Soto
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - David P. Adams
- Dual Enrollment Program, Point University, Savannah, GA 31419, USA;
| | - Eduardo Gutiérrez-Abejón
- Pharmacological Big Data Laboratory, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Technical Direction of Pharmaceutical Assistance, Regional Health Management of Castilla y León, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco-Calvo
- Physiotherapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Visiting Researcher of Basque Country University, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain;
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Fu R, Zhou T, Long C, He T, Yang D, Li Z, Peng S. Magnesium supplementation enhances mTOR signalling to facilitate myogenic differentiation and improve aged muscle performance. Bone 2021; 146:115886. [PMID: 33592327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+), as an essential mineral, supports and sustains the health and activity of the organs of the human body. Despite some clinical evidence on the association of Mg2+ deficiency with muscle regeneration dysfunction and sarcopenia in older-aged individuals, there is no consensus on the action mode and molecular mechanism by which Mg2+ influences aged muscle size and function. Here, we identified the appropriate Mg2+ environment that promotes the myogenic differentiation and myotube hypertrophy in both C2C12 myoblast and primary aged muscle stem cell (MuSC). Through animal experiments, we demonstrated that Mg2+ supplementation in aged mice significantly promotes muscle regeneration and conserves muscle mass and strength. Mechanistically, Mg2+ stimulation activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, inducing the myogenic differentiation and protein synthesis, which consequently offers protections against the age-related decline in muscle regenerative potential and muscle mass. These findings collectively provide a promising therapeutic strategy for MuSC dysfunction and sarcopenia through Mg2+ supplementation in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qinghe Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zengfu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Runhan Fu
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tianjian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue and Functional Reconstruction of Sports System, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Canling Long
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Tongzhong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Zhizhong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Songlin Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue and Functional Reconstruction of Sports System, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China.
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Abstract
Hintergrund Die labordiagnostische Untersuchung stellt eine wichtige Möglichkeit zur Beurteilung und Optimierung der Leistungs- und Regenerationsfähigkeit professioneller Athleten dar. Ferner ist sie für die Prävention, Diagnostik und Rehabilitation von Verletzungen und Überbelastungen von Bedeutung. Fragestellung Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung muskuloskelettaler laborchemischer Parameter, die relevante Erkenntnisse für die medizinische Betreuung von Leistungssportlern liefern. Material und Methoden Literaturrecherche und narratives Review. Ergebnisse Die Bestimmung des Vitamin-D-, Calcium- und Knochenstoffwechsels stellt die laborchemische Basisdiagnostik im Rahmen der Beurteilung des Skelettstatus mit zusätzlichem präventivem Nutzen bezüglich muskuloskelettaler Verletzungen dar. Ferner können muskuläre Serummarker, z. B. Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH), Kreatinkinase (CK), Myoglobin und Aspartat-Aminotransferase (ASAT), helfen, eine metabolische Adaptation an das physische Training festzustellen und Aussagen über die muskuläre Arbeitslast und mögliche Schädigungen zu gewinnen. Die Energieverfügbarkeit kann durch eine entsprechende Bilanzierung sowie die laborchemische Bestimmung der Makro- und Mikronährstoffe eingeschätzt und optimiert werden. Schlussfolgerungen Die labordiagnostische Untersuchung besitzt in der Betreuung von Athleten eine sportartenübergreifende klinische Relevanz. Sie dient der Erreichung einer höchstmöglichen Leistungsfähigkeit sowie optimalen Prävention von Knochen- und Muskelverletzungen, wobei sämtliche Mangelzustände (z. B. Vitamin D) ausgeglichen werden sollten. Durch eine Periodisierung der laborchemischen Untersuchungen, mit zumindest zwei Labordiagnostiken im Jahr, und Aufstellung individueller Variabilitäts- und Referenzbereiche kann ferner eine bessere Beurteilbarkeit erreicht werden.
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Hunt G, Sukumar D, Volpe SL. Magnesium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Exercise Performance. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mariño MM, Grijota FJ, Bartolomé I, Siquier-Coll J, Román VT, Muñoz D. Influence of physical training on erythrocyte concentrations of iron, phosphorus and magnesium. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:8. [PMID: 31996219 PMCID: PMC6988285 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine changes occurring in the erythrocyte concentrations of Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg) and Phosphorous (P) of subjects with different levels of physical training living in the same area of Extremadura (Spain). METHODS Thirty sedentary subjects (24.34 ± 3.02 years) without sports practice and a less active lifestyle, formed the control group (CG); 24 non-professional subjects (23.53 ± 1.85 years), who perform between 4 and 6 h/week of moderate sports practice without any performance objective and without following systematic training formed the group of subjects with a moderate level of training (MTG), and 22 professional cyclists (23.29 ± 2.73 years) at the beginning of their sports season, who performed more than 20 h/week of training, formed the high-level training group (HTG). Erythrocyte samples from all subjects were collected and frozen at - 80 °C until analysis. Erythrocyte analysis of Fe, Mg and P was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). All results are expressed in μg/g Hb. RESULTS The results showed that there were statistically significant lower concentrations of erythrocyte Fe, Mg and P in MTG and HTG than CG. All parameters (Fe, Mg and P concentrations in erythrocytes) correlated inversely with physical training. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise produces a decrease in erythrocyte concentrations of Fe, Mg and P. This situation could cause alterations in the performance of athletes given the importance of these elements. For this reason, we recommend an erythrocyte control at the beginning, and during the training period, to avoid harmful deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Maynar Mariño
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Grijota
- Education Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Victor Toro Román
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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