1
|
Agrawal P, Kaur J, Singh J, Rasane P, Sharma K, Bhadariya V, Kaur S, Kumar V. Genetics, Nutrition, and Health: A New Frontier in Disease Prevention. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:326-338. [PMID: 38015713 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2284997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The field of nutrition research has traditionally focused on the effects of macronutrients and micronutrients on the body. However, it has become evident that individuals have unique genetic makeups that influence their response to food. Nutritional genomics, which includes nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, explores the interaction between an individual's genetic makeup, diet, and health outcomes. Nutrigenetics studies the impact of genetic variation on an individual's response to dietary nutrients, while nutrigenomics investigates how dietary components affect gene regulation and expression. These disciplines seek to understand the impact of diet on the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. It provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the effect of diet on gene expression. Nutrients can cause the modification of genetic expression through epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. The aim of nutrigenomics is to create personalized diets based on the unique metabolic profile of an individual, gut microbiome, and genetic makeup to prevent diseases and promote health. Nutrigenomics has the potential to revolutionize the field of nutrition by combining the practicality of personalized nutrition with knowledge of genetic factors underlying health and disease. Thus, nutrigenomics offers a promising approach to improving health outcomes (in terms of disease prevention) through personalized nutrition strategies based on an individual's genetic and metabolic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Agrawal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Prasad Rasane
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Kartik Sharma
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Vishesh Bhadariya
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ozen E, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Association between body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk: role of dietary fat intake and APOLIPOPROTEIN E genotype on this relationship. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38253522 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Excess body weight is associated with increased mortality and risk of developing CVD. Body fat distribution is now considered a better indicator of disease risk than BMI, with central adiposity associated with dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Dietary modification is unquestionably important in the prevention of obesity and CVD, with the type but not the amount of dietary fat emerging as an important determinant of both diseases. Although reducing SFA intake via replacement with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) is a key public health strategy for CVD prevention, variability in the lipid lowering response has been observed. This narrative review aims to investigate the link between adiposity and CVD risk, and the role of dietary fat composition and APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype on this relationship. In the absence of weight loss, replacing dietary SFA with UFA reduces central adiposity and anthropometric measures, and is linked with lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, differences in study populations and body composition techniques need to be taken into consideration. To date, only a limited number of studies have determined the role of APOE on body composition and CVD risk, but findings are inconsistent. Both APOE2 and APOE4 alleles have been correlated with adiposity related markers, and an APOE genotype-BMI interaction has been reported on fasting lipids. However, studies are often performed retrospectively leading to small sample sizes within the genotype groups. Further studies are needed to confirm the relationship between APOE genotype, adiposity and circulating CVD risk markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Whiteknights, ReadingRG6 6DZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Mo G, Yao Y, Li C. The effects of vegetarian diets on glycemia and lipid parameters in adult patients with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023:10.1038/s41430-023-01283-x. [PMID: 36964271 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials have reported the effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids and glucose homeostasis in adults, but not in overweight or obese individuals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids and glucose homeostasis in overweight or obese adults by systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through October 2021. We chose to include overweight or obese patients in the studies of the vegetarian diet for metabolic control. Seven trials with a total of 783 overweight or obese adult were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis of the data revealed that the vegetarian diets significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD, -0.31; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.16), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD, -0.37; 95% CI, -0.52 to -0.22), and HbA1c (WMD (%), -0.33; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.11). The vegetarian diets had an elevated effect on blood triglycerides (WMD, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.47). However, there were no significant effects of vegetarian diets on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), Fasting plasma glucose(FPG), and HOMA-IR in these individuals. The results of this study suggest that vegetarian diets effectively reduce LDL-C, TC, and HbA1c levels, thus functioning as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the metabolic dysfunction in overweight or obese individuals. However, further large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm the validity of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- The First College for Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Guli Mo
- The First College for Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Yao
- The First College for Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Márquez-Ruiz G, Velasco J, Holgado F. Major dietary lipids in nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516462 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, an overview of the major lipids in the diet with emphasis in nutritional aspects is provided. Triacylglycerols, i.e., glycerol esterified with three fatty acids, are the predominant constituents in dietary lipids. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the nature and nutritional significance of the main fatty acids in the diet and their possible modifications during food processing and commercialization. The main fatty acids in dietary lipids are grouped into saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutritional implications, the latest intervention trials and health recommendations will be discussed. A brief description of the major sources of lipids in the diet is included, oils and fats standing out. Other food sources shortly commented are milk and dairy products, meat, poultry and eggs, fish, and structured lipids designed to improve functional and nutritional properties. Modifications of fatty acids as a result of processing and commercialization are discussed because of their great relevance for their health implications, especially oxidation compounds and trans fatty acids.
Collapse
|
5
|
Association between APOE Genotype with Body Composition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers Is Modulated by BMI in Healthy Adults: Findings from the BODYCON Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179766. [PMID: 36077164 PMCID: PMC9456146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) has been suggested to play an important role in the relationship between the APOLIPOPROTEIN (APO)E genotype and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Using data from the BODYCON cross-sectional study (n = 360 adults) we assessed the association between body composition and CVD risk markers according to APOE genotype, with examination of the role of BMI. In this study cohort, the APOE2/E3 group had lower fasting blood lipids than APOE4 carriers and APOE3/E3 group (p ≤ 0.01). After stratifying the group according to BMI, APOE4 carriers in the normal BMI subgroup had a higher lean mass compared with the APOE3/E3 group (p = 0.02) whereas in the overweight/obese subgroup, the android to gynoid percentage fat ratio was lower in APOE4 carriers than APOE3/E3 group (p = 0.04). Fasting lipid concentrations were only different between the APOE2/E3 and other genotype groups within the normal weight BMI subgroup (p ≤ 0.04). This finding was associated with a lower dietary fibre and a higher trans-fat intake compared with APOE4 carriers, and a lower carbohydrate intake relative to the APOE3/E3 group. Our results confirm previous reports that BMI modulates the effect of APOE on CVD risk markers and suggest novel interactions on body composition, with diet a potential modulator of this relationship.
Collapse
|
6
|
Markey O, Vasilopoulou D, Kliem KE, Fagan CC, Grandison AS, Sutton R, Humphries DJ, Todd S, Jackson KG, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Effect of fat-reformulated dairy food consumption on postprandial flow-mediated dilatation and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers compared with conventional dairy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:679-693. [PMID: 35020795 PMCID: PMC8895219 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longer-term consumption of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy products has been reported to improve fasting flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Yet, their impact on endothelial function in the postprandial state warrants investigation. OBJECTIVES The aim was to compare the impact of a fatty acid (FA) modified with a conventional (control) dairy diet on the postprandial %FMD (primary outcome) and systemic cardiometabolic responses to representative meals, and retrospectively explore whether treatment effects differ by apolipoprotein E (APOE) or endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) Glu298Asp gene polymorphisms. METHODS In a crossover-design randomized controlled study, 52 adults with moderate cardiovascular disease risk consumed dairy products [38% of total energy intake (%TE) from fat: FA-modified (target: 16%TE SFAs; 14%TE MUFAs) or control (19%TE SFAs; 11%TE MUFAs)] for 12 wk, separated by an 8-wk washout. Blood sampling and FMD measurements (0-480 min) were performed pre- and postintervention after sequential mixed meals that were representative of the assigned dairy diets (0 min, ∼50 g fat; 330 min, ∼30 g fat). RESULTS Relative to preintervention (∆), the FA-modified dairy diet and meals (treatment) attenuated the increase in the incremental AUC (iAUC), but not AUC, for the %FMD response observed with the conventional treatment (-135 ± 69% vs. +199 ± 82% × min; P = 0.005). The ∆ iAUC, but not AUC, for the apoB response decreased after the FA-modified treatment yet increased after the conventional treatment (-4 ± 3 vs. +3 ± 3 mg/mL × min; P = 0.004). The ∆ iAUC decreased for plasma total SFAs (P = 0.003) and trans 18:1 (P < 0.0001) and increased for cis-MUFAs (P < 0.0001) following the conventional relative to the FA-modified treatment. No treatment × APOE or eNOS genotype interactions were evident for any outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into the longer-term effects of FA-modified dairy food consumption on postprandial cardiometabolic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oonagh Markey
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Dafni Vasilopoulou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty E Kliem
- Animal, Dairy, and Food Chain Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Colette C Fagan
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair S Grandison
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sutton
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - David J Humphries
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Todd
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - David I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajendiran E, Lamarche B, She Y, Ramprasath V, Eck P, Brassard D, Gigleux I, Levy E, Tremblay A, Couture P, House JD, Jones PJH, Desmarchelier C. A combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with the interindividual variability in the blood lipid response to dietary fatty acid consumption in a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:564-577. [PMID: 33871574 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lipid concentrations display high interindividual variability in response to dietary interventions, partly due to genetic factors. Existing studies have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed individually, which only explain a limited fraction of the variability of these complex phenotypes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify combinations of SNPs associated with the variability in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentration changes following 5 dietary interventions. DESIGN In a multicenter randomized crossover trial, 92 participants with elevated waist circumference and low HDL cholesterol concentrations consumed 5 isoenergetic diets for 4 wk: a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) from cheese, SFA from butter, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a diet higher in carbohydrates (CHO). The association between 22 candidate SNPs in genes involved in lipid and bile acid metabolism and transport and changes in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations was assessed with univariate statistics followed by partial least squares regression. RESULTS Endpoint LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly different (cheese: 3.18 ± 0.04, butter: 3.31 ± 0.04, MUFA: 3.00 ± 0.04, PUFA: 2.81 ± 0.04, CHO: 3.11 ± 0.04 mmol/L; P < 0.001) while endpoint TG concentrations were not (P = 0.117). Both displayed consistently elevated interindividual variability following the dietary interventions (CVs of 34.5 ± 2.2% and 55.8 ± 1.8%, respectively). Among the 22 candidate SNPs, only ABCA1-rs2066714 and apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms exhibited consistent significant effects, namely on LDL cholesterol concentrations. However, several SNPs were significantly associated with changes in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations in a diet-specific fashion. Generated multivariate models explained from 16.0 to 33.6% of the interindividual variability in LDL cholesterol concentration changes and from 17.5 to 32.0% of that in TG concentration changes. CONCLUSIONS We report combinations of SNPs associated with a significant part of the variability in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations following dietary interventions differing in their fatty acid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethendhar Rajendiran
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yongbo She
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vanu Ramprasath
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Eck
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Didier Brassard
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iris Gigleux
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - James D House
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Nutritional Fundamentals for Health Inc, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nutrigenomics of Dietary Lipids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070994. [PMID: 34206632 PMCID: PMC8300813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids have a major role in nutrition, not only for their fuel value, but also as essential and bioactive nutrients. This narrative review aims to describe the current evidence on nutrigenomic effects of dietary lipids. Firstly, the different chemical and biological properties of fatty acids contained both in plant- and animal-based food are illustrated. A description of lipid bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and lipotoxicity is provided, together with an overview of the modulatory role of lipids as pro- or anti-inflammatory agents. Current findings concerning the metabolic impact of lipids on gene expression, epigenome, and gut microbiome in animal and human studies are summarized. Finally, the effect of the individual’s genetic make-up on lipid metabolism is described. The main goal is to provide an overview about the interaction between dietary lipids and the genome, by identifying and discussing recent scientific evidence, recognizing strengths and weaknesses, to address future investigations and fill the gaps in the current knowledge on metabolic impact of dietary fats on health.
Collapse
|
9
|
Torres-Valadez R, Ramos-Lopez O, Frías Delgadillo KJ, Flores-García A, Rojas Carrillo E, Aguiar-García P, Bernal Pérez JA, Martinez-Lopez E, Martínez JA, Zepeda-Carrillo EA. Impact of APOE Alleles-by-Diet Interactions on Glycemic and Lipid Features- A Cross-Sectional Study of a Cohort of Type 2 Diabetes Patients from Western Mexico: Implications for Personalized Medicine. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2020; 13:655-663. [PMID: 33273843 PMCID: PMC7705254 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s277952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To analyze clinically relevant interactions between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles and nutritional factors on glycemic control and lipid levels in a cohort of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients from western Mexico. Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional study of the cohort of T2D patients, a total of 224 individuals were selected for interaction studies. Clinical and anthropometric data were obtained from pre-designed medical records. Dietary intake was assessed by validated three-day food consumption records. Biochemical measurements were determined by automated methods. APOE genotyping was performed by a real-time allelic discrimination assay. Gene–diet interactions were tested by corrected multiple linear regression analyses, which were adjusted by potential confounding factors such as age, sex, energy intake, BMI and anti-hyperglycemic therapy (Metformin, Glibenclamide or Insulin), and years with T2D. Results Seventy-six percent of patients with T2D were on Metformin therapy. The frequencies of the APOE alleles were ε2 (5.8%), ε3 (74.1%) and ε4 (20.1%). After statistical settings, significant APOE alleles-by-diet interactions in relation to the metabolic profile were found. Interestingly, higher blood levels of total cholesterol (p int. = 0.016), non-HDL-c (p int. = 0.024), and LDL-c (p int. = 0.030) were found only in carriers of the APOE ε2 allele with a low consumption of MUFA. In contrast, carriers of the APOE ε4 allele with a high ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio in the diet had higher %HbA1c blood concentrations (p int. = 0.035). Conclusion This study suggests a differential metabolic impact of APOE alleles on lipid/glycemic phenotypes depending on the dietary intake, with important potential implications in the personalized medicine and nutritional management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torres-Valadez
- Specialized Unit in Research, Development and Innovation in Genomic Medicine, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.,Integral Health Academic Unit, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Kevin J Frías Delgadillo
- Specialized Unit in Research, Development and Innovation in Genomic Medicine, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Aurelio Flores-García
- Specialized Unit in Research, Development and Innovation in Genomic Medicine, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Esaú Rojas Carrillo
- Family Medicine Unit No. 24 "Ignacio García Tellez", Mexican Social Security Institute, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Pedro Aguiar-García
- Specialized Unit in Research, Development and Innovation in Genomic Medicine, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - J Antonio Bernal Pérez
- Family Medicine Unit No. 24 "Ignacio García Tellez", Mexican Social Security Institute, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular and Genomic Biology, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERobn, Fisiopatología De La Obesidad y La Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloy A Zepeda-Carrillo
- Specialized Unit in Research, Development and Innovation in Genomic Medicine, Nayarit Center for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.,Tepic Civil Hospital "Dr. Antonio González Guevara", Health Services in Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Corrêa TAF, Quintanilha BJ, Norde MM, Pinhel MADS, Nonino CB, Rogero MM. Nutritional genomics, inflammation and obesity. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:205-222. [PMID: 32555987 PMCID: PMC10522224 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Human Genome Project has significantly broadened our understanding of the molecular aspects regulating the homeostasis and the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. Consequently, the field of nutrition has been strongly influenced by such improvements in knowledge - especially for determining how nutrients act at the molecular level in different conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this manner, characterizing how the genome influences the diet and vice-versa provides insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss the potential application of Nutritional Genomics to modulate obesity-related inflammatory responses. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(3):205-22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Telma Angelina Faraldo Corrêa
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição ExperimentalFaculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Marina Maintinguer Norde
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| | - Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Medicina Interna , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da SaúdeFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Departamento de Medicina InternaFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Medicina Interna , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da SaúdeFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão PretoUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSPBrasil Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brasil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Centro de Pesquisa em AlimentosCentros de Pesquisa, Inovação e DifusãoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Centro de Pesquisa em Alimentos (FoRC), Centros de Pesquisa, Inovação e Difusão (Cepid), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
- Departamento de NutriçãoFaculdade de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrasil Laboratório de Genômica Nutricional e Inflamação, Departamento de Nutrição , Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo , SP , Brasil
| |
Collapse
|