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Sui Y, Geng X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Yang Y, Meng Z. Targeting the regulation of iron homeostasis as a potential therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2024; 157:155953. [PMID: 38885833 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
With aging and the increasing incidence of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD mainly includes simple hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An imbalance in hepatic iron homeostasis is usually associated with the progression of NAFLD and induces iron overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lipid peroxide accumulation, which leads to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a unique type of programmed cell death (PCD) that is characterized by iron dependence, ROS production and lipid peroxidation. The ferroptosis inhibition systems involved in NAFLD include the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)/glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1)/coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) regulatory axes. The main promotion system involved is the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family (ACSL4)/arachidonic lipoxygenase 15 (ALOX15) axis. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the multiple roles of iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in the progression of NAFLD. This review highlights the latest studies about iron homeostasis imbalance- and ferroptosis-associated NAFLD, mainly including the physiology and pathophysiology of hepatic iron metabolism, hepatic iron homeostasis imbalance during the development of NAFLD, and key regulatory molecules and roles of hepatic ferroptosis in NAFLD. This review aims to provide innovative therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Sui
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqun Yang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ziyu Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
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Hamamah S, Iatcu OC, Covasa M. Nutrition at the Intersection between Gut Microbiota Eubiosis and Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38257161 PMCID: PMC10820857 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors in both taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota as well as in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence has shown that the effects of nutrition on both these parameters is not mutually exclusive and that changes in gut microbiota and related metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may influence systemic inflammation and signaling pathways that contribute to pathophysiological processes associated with T2DM. With this background, our review highlights the effects of macronutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals, on T2DM, specifically through their alterations in gut microbiota and the metabolites they produce. Additionally, we describe the influences of common food groups, which incorporate varying combinations of these macronutrients and micronutrients, on both microbiota and metabolic parameters in the context of diabetes mellitus. Overall, nutrition is one of the first line modifiable therapies in the management of T2DM and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence its pathophysiology provides opportunities for optimizing dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Oana C. Iatcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Abstract
High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue iron levels and in pathologic iron overload. Because of iron's central role in metabolic processes (e.g., fuel oxidation) and metabolic regulation (e.g., hypoxia sensing), iron levels participate in determining metabolic rates, gluconeogenesis, fuel choice, insulin action, and adipocyte phenotype. The risk of diabetes related to iron is evident in most or all tissues that determine diabetes phenotypes, with the adipocyte, beta cell, and liver playing central roles. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse, although there may be integrative pathways at play. Elucidating these pathways has implications not only for diabetes prevention and treatment, but also for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like T2DM, associated with aging, nutrition, and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria V Harrison
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
| | - Felipe Ramos Lorenzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald A McClain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA
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Chen H, Zhao W, Yan X, Huang T, Yang A. Overexpression of Hepcidin Alleviates Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis in a Diet-induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:577-588. [PMID: 36062292 PMCID: PMC9396326 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Iron overload can contribute to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepcidin (Hamp), which is primarily synthesized in hepatocytes, is a key regulator of iron metabolism. However, the role of Hamp in NASH remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the role of Hamp in the pathophysiology of NASH. METHODS Male mice were fed a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 16 weeks to establish the mouse NASH model. A choline-supplemented amino acid-defined (CSAA) diet was used as the control diet. Recombinant adeno-associated virus genome 2 serotype 8 vector expressing Hamp (rAAV2/8-Hamp) or its negative control (rAAV2/8-NC) was administered intravenously at week 8 of either the CDAA or CSAA diet. RESULTS rAAV2/8-Hamp treatment markedly decreased liver weight and improved hepatic steatosis in the CDAA-fed mice, accompanied by changes in lipogenesis-related genes and adiponectin expression. Compared with the control group, rAAV2/8-Hamp therapy attenuated liver damage, with mice exhibiting reduced histological NAFLD inflammation and fibrosis, as well as lower levels of liver enzymes. Moreover, α-smooth muscle actin-positive activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and CD68-postive macrophages increased in number in the CDAA-fed mice, which was reversed by rAAV2/8-Hamp treatment. Consistent with the in vivo findings, overexpression of Hamp increased adiponectin expression in hepatocytes and Hamp treatment inhibited HSC activation. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Hamp using rAAV2/8-Hamp robustly attenuated liver steatohepatitis, inflammation, and fibrosis in an animal model of NASH, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for Hamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Digestive Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Hui Chen, Digestive Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China. Tel: +86-10-51718484, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail: . Aiting Yang, Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-696X. Tel: +86-10-63139311, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail:
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhen Yan
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Aiting Yang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Medicine Institute, Beijing, China
- Correspondence to: Hui Chen, Digestive Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, China. Tel: +86-10-51718484, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail: . Aiting Yang, Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-696X. Tel: +86-10-63139311, Fax: +86-10-83165944, E-mail:
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Zhang W, Li W, Du J. Association between dietary carotenoid intakes and the risk of asthma in adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES, 2007-2012. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052320. [PMID: 35701051 PMCID: PMC9198789 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between dietary carotenoid intake and asthma using data from a nationally representative sample of US adults. DESIGN Cross-section study. SETTING The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. PARTICIPANTS A total of 13 039 participants aged 20-80 years (current asthma n=1784, non-current asthma n=11 255) were included in this study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Asthma was defined by self-report questionnaires. Weighted logistic regression analyses and the smooth curve fittings were performed to explore the association between total carotenoid intake, dietary carotenoid subgenera, including (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein with zeaxanthin and lycopene) and the risk of asthma. RESULTS The ORs with 95% CIs of dietary α-carotene, dietary β-carotene, dietary β-cryptoxanthin, total lutein with zeaxanthin, total lycopene, dietary carotenoid and total carotenoid intake for individuals with current asthma after adjusting the confounders in model 3 were 0.80 (0.67 to 0.95), 0.67 (0.57 to 0.79), 0.68 (0.55 to 0.85), 0.77 (0.61 to 0.98), 0.71 (0.57 to 0.87), 0.75 (0.59 to 0.96) and 0.61 (0.48 to 0.76) in the highest versus lowest quartile, respectively. The smooth curve fittings suggested a non-linear relationship between total carotenoid intake and the risk of current asthma. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of a-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin and total carotenoid were associated with lower odds of having current asthma in the US adults. This is a cross-sectional study and no causal relationship can be drawn, so caution is needed to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Kaenkumchorn TK, Merritt MA, Lim U, Le Marchand L, Boushey CJ, Shepherd JA, Wilkens LR, Ernst T, Lampe JW. Diet and Liver Adiposity in Older Adults: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:3579-3587. [PMID: 34590125 PMCID: PMC8564699 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet plays a key role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Limited data exist regarding specific nutrients and food groups and liver fat continuously, particularly among different ethnicities. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the relationship between usual dietary intake and accurately measured liver fat content in a multiethnic population. METHODS Participants from the Multiethnic Cohort were recruited into the cross-sectional Adiposity Phenotype Study including women and men aged 60-77 y and 5 race/ethnic groups (African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and white). They filled out a detailed FFQ and underwent abdominal MRI for liver fat quantification and whole-body DXA for total adiposity. Intake of a priori-selected dietary factors (total and macronutrient energy, specific micronutrients, and food groups) was analyzed in relation to liver fat by estimating the mean percentage liver fat for quartiles of each dietary factor in a general linear model that adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, percentage body fat, and daily energy intake (kcal/d). RESULTS In total, 1682 participants (mean age: 69.2 y; 51% female) were included. Mean ± SD liver fat percentage was 5.7 ± 4.6. A significant positive association with liver fat was found across quartiles of percentage energy from fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, total red meat, red meat excluding processed red meat, and coffee (Bonferroni-adjusted P-trend < 0.05). A significant inverse association was observed for dietary fiber, vitamin C, and vitamin E (Bonferroni-adjusted P-trend < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study of ethnically diverse older adults shows that certain dietary factors, in particular red meat and saturated fat from red meat, were strongly associated with liver fat, whereas dietary fiber was inversely associated with liver fat, replicating some of the previous studies conducted mostly in whites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa A Merritt
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer
Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
School of Medicine, University of Maryland,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center, Seattle, WA,
USA
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Cai H, Bai Z, Ge RL. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 promotes liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis liver disease via the NF-κB signalling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:67-74. [PMID: 33450482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. Chronic hypoxia is related to the pathogenesis of NASH. HIF-2α is the key gene for lipid metabolism, fibrosis, and inflammation in many cells. To identify the molecular mechanism through which hypoxia exposure increases the morbidity of NASH, the expression level of HIF-2α was analysed and was found to be upregulated in human NASH liver. By constructing the NASH model of chronic hypoxia, the mice were housed at an altitude of 4300 m for 4 and 8 weeks, compared to the control groups that were housed at an altitude of 50 m. Histological studies showed that exposure to hypoxia promoted the activation of NF-κB by upregulating the expression of HIF-2α, as well as that of the genes related to inflammation and fibrosis, thereby promoting the development of NASH both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, hypoxia-exposure could upregulate HIF-2α to aggravate tissue fibrosis and inflammation by upregulating inflammation-related genes and fibrosis-related genes metabolites via the activated NF-κB pathway in NASH. Our results suggest that for NASH patients living at high altitudes, drug therapy could focus on treating tissue fibrosis and inflammation, and thus provides a new strategy for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine(Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810001, PR China; Oncology Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Provincial, Xining, 810000, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine(Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810001, PR China.
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine(Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory for Application of High Altitude Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810001, PR China.
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Effects of Dietary Glucose and Fructose on Copper, Iron, and Zinc Metabolism Parameters in Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092581. [PMID: 32854403 PMCID: PMC7551875 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of transition metal levels have been associated with obesity, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome in humans. Studies in animals indicate an association between dietary sugars and copper metabolism. Our group has conducted a study in which young adults consumed beverages sweetened with glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), or aspartame for two weeks and has reported that consumption of both fructose- and HFCS-sweetened beverages increased cardiovascular disease risk factors. Baseline and intervention serum samples from 107 participants of this study were measured for copper metabolism (copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ceruloplasmin protein), zinc levels, and iron metabolism (iron, ferritin, and transferrin) parameters. Fructose and/or glucose consumption were associated with decreased ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity and serum copper and zinc concentrations. Ceruloplasmin protein levels did not change in response to intervention. The changes in copper concentrations were correlated with zinc, but not with iron. The decreases in copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ferritin, and transferrin were inversely associated with the increases in metabolic risk factors associated with sugar consumption, specifically, apolipoprotein CIII, triglycerides, or post-meal glucose, insulin, and lactate responses. These findings are the first evidence that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages can alter clinical parameters of transition metal metabolism in healthy subjects.
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