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Mel R, Rampitsch C, Zvomuya F, Nilsen KT, Beattie AD, Malalgoda M. Determining the Impact of Genotype × Environment on Oat Protein Isolate Composition Using HPLC and LC-MS Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8103-8113. [PMID: 38530645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The effect of genotype and environment on oat protein composition was analyzed through size exclusion-high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to characterize oat protein isolate (OPI) extracted from three genotypes grown at three locations in the Canadian Prairies. SE-HPLC identified four fractions in OPI, including polymeric globulins, avenins, glutelins, and albumins, and smaller proteins. The protein composition was dependent on the environment, rather than the genotype. The proteins identified through LC-MS were grouped into eight categories, including globulins, prolamins/avenins, glutelins, enzymes/albumins, enzyme inhibitors, heat shock proteins, grain softness proteins, and allergenic proteins. Three main globulin protein types were also identified, including the P14812|SSG2-12S seed storage globulin, the Q6UJY8_TRITU-globulin, and the M7ZQM3_TRIUA-Globulin-1 S. Principal component analysis indicated that samples from Manitoba showed a positive association with the M7ZQM3_TRIUA-Globulin-1 S allele and Q6UJY8_TRITU-globulin, while samples from Alberta and Saskatchewan had a negative association with them. The results show that the influence of G × E on oat protein fractions and their relative composition is crucial to understanding genotypes' behavior in response to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshema Mel
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Christof Rampitsch
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Francis Zvomuya
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kirby T Nilsen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Aaron D Beattie
- Crop Development Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Maneka Malalgoda
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Mazzola AM, Zammarchi I, Valerii MC, Spisni E, Saracino IM, Lanzarotto F, Ricci C. Gluten-Free Diet and Other Celiac Disease Therapies: Current Understanding and Emerging Strategies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1006. [PMID: 38613039 PMCID: PMC11013189 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment for celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders. Nevertheless, strict adherence to the GFD is often challenging due to concerns about social isolation, risk of gluten contaminations, high cost, poor quality and the taste of gluten-free products. Moreover, although the GFD is effective in achieving mucosal healing, it may lead to dietary imbalances due to nutrient deficiencies over a long period of time. To overcome these issues, several gluten-free wheat flours have been developed to create products that closely resemble their gluten-containing counterparts. Furthermore, given the critical importance of adhering to the GFD, it becomes essential to promote adherence and monitor possible voluntary or involuntary transgressions. Various methods, including clinical assessment, questionnaires, serology for celiac disease, duodenal biopsies and the detection of Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIPs) are employed for this purpose, but none are considered entirely satisfactory. Since adherence to the GFD poses challenges, alternative therapies should be implemented in the coming years to improve treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients with celiac disease. The aim of this narrative review is to explore current knowledge of the GFD and investigate its future perspectives, focusing on technology advancements, follow-up strategies and insights into a rapidly changing future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Mazzola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.M.); (I.Z.); (F.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Zammarchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.M.); (I.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Unit of Translational Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Unit of Translational Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Ilaria Maria Saracino
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesco Lanzarotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.M.); (I.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.M.M.); (I.Z.); (F.L.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Science, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Fabiano GA, Shinn LM, Antunes AEC. Relationship between Oat Consumption, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis: An Integrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3534. [PMID: 37630725 PMCID: PMC10459712 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota consists of a set of microorganisms that colonizes the intestine and ferment fibers, among other nutrients, from the host's diet. A healthy gut microbiota, colonized mainly by beneficial microorganisms, has a positive effect on digestion and plays a role in disease prevention. However, dysregulation of the gut microbiota can contribute to various diseases. The nutrition of the host plays an important role in determining the composition of the gut microbiota. A healthy diet, rich in fiber, can beneficially modulate the gut microbiota. In this sense, oats are a source of both soluble and insoluble fiber. Oats are considered a functional ingredient with prebiotic potential and contain plant proteins, unsaturated fats, and antioxidant compounds. The impact of oat consumption on the gut microbiota is still emerging. Associations between oat consumption and the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii have already been observed. Therefore, this integrative review summarizes the findings from studies on the relationship between oat consumption, the gut microbiota, and the metabolites, mainly short-chain fatty acids, it produces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Alexandre Fabiano
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St., Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil;
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D’Amico V, Gänzle M, Call L, Zwirzitz B, Grausgruber H, D’Amico S, Brouns F. Does sourdough bread provide clinically relevant health benefits? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1230043. [PMID: 37545587 PMCID: PMC10399781 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1230043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, scientific interest in and consumer attention to sourdough fermentation in bread making has increased. On the one hand, this technology may favorably impact product quality, including flavor and shelf-life of bakery products; on the other hand, some cereal components, especially in wheat and rye, which are known to cause adverse reactions in a small subset of the population, can be partially modified or degraded. The latter potentially reduces their harmful effects, but depends strongly on the composition of sourdough microbiota, processing conditions and the resulting acidification. Tolerability, nutritional composition, potential health effects and consumer acceptance of sourdough bread are often suggested to be superior compared to yeast-leavened bread. However, the advantages of sourdough fermentation claimed in many publications rely mostly on data from chemical and in vitro analyzes, which raises questions about the actual impact on human nutrition. This review focuses on grain components, which may cause adverse effects in humans and the effect of sourdough microbiota on their structure, quantity and biological properties. Furthermore, presumed benefits of secondary metabolites and reduction of contaminants are discussed. The benefits claimed deriving from in vitro and in vivo experiments will be evaluated across a broader spectrum in terms of clinically relevant effects on human health. Accordingly, this critical review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the extent to which sourdough bread may result in measurable health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera D’Amico
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa Call
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Grausgruber
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefano D’Amico
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed, AGES–Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Coimbra L, Costa IM, Evangelista JG, Figueiredo A. Food allergens in oral care products. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6684. [PMID: 37095111 PMCID: PMC10126110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are a growing concern, especially in Western societies and can dramatically impact the quality of life of affected individuals. In recent years, various food allergens have been introduced into the oral care industry to improve product properties and provide the best possible treatment. Since small doses of food allergens may be sufficient to trigger allergic reactions, the non-discrimination of the sources of certain excipients in the product composition can compromise the patient's health. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of allergies and product composition among health professionals are critical on behalf of patients' and consumers' health. This study aimed to ascertain the presence of dairy products (e.g., cow's milk proteins and lactose), cereals (e.g., gluten, soy, and oats), fruits, nuts, spices, shellfish, and additives as excipients in oral care products for outpatients and products for professional use in the Dental Office. Among the 387 surveyed products, the highest prevalence of food allergens was found in toothpaste, fluoride varnishes, and alginates, mostly in spices and fresh fruits. As food allergies may occur because of erroneous information or a lack of labeling on the allergen list, manufacturers should be more rigorous in declaring allergens on product labeling regarding the safety of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Coimbra
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Margarida Costa
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- PharmSci Lab/Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Grillo Evangelista
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Morphology Lab/Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Figueiredo
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
- PharmSci Lab/Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, 2829-511, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
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6
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Gell G, Karsai I, Berki Z, Horváth Á, Florides CG, Birinyi Z, Nagy-Réder D, Varga B, Cseh A, Békés F, Veisz O. Effect of additional water supply during grain filling on protein composition and epitope characteristics of winter oats. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2146-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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7
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G, Chiran DA. Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147719. [PMID: 35887067 PMCID: PMC9322892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world’s population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
| | - Dragos Andrei Chiran
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii St., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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8
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G, Chiran DA. Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35887067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147719.pmid:35887067;pmcid:pmc9322892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world's population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dragos Andrei Chiran
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii St., 700115 Iasi, Romania
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The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:8502169. [PMID: 35186332 PMCID: PMC8850039 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8502169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease or gluten-dependent enteropathy is a chronic autoimmune pathology triggered by dietary gluten in genetic predisposed individuals, mediated by transglutaminase 2 IgA autoantibodies and associated with a deteriorating immune and inflammatory response. This leads to intestinal villous atrophy, impairing the intestinal mucosa structure and function of secretion, digestion, and absorption. The result is macro- and micronutrient deficiency, including fat soluble vitamins and minerals, and a consequent nutritional status depletion. A lifelong gluten-free diet is the only available treatment for celiac patients in order to assure normal intestinal mucosa and remission of gastrointestinal symptoms. However, a gluten-free diet can itself cause other nutritional deficiencies due to its restrictive nature regarding gluten-containing cereals. A group of gluten-free cereals, known as pseudocereals, is increasingly recognized as valuable options for gluten-free diets due to their high nutritional value. Amaranth, quinoa, millet, and buckwheat are examples of gluten-free nutrient-dense grains that can be used as alternatives to the conventional gluten-containing grains and improve the variety and nutritional quality of the celiac diet. Current work reviews the nutritional pitfalls of a gluten-free diet and analyses how pseudocereals can contribute to revert those deficiencies and optimize the nutritional value of this mandatory diet for the celiac population.
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Gell G, Bugyi Z, Florides CG, Birinyi Z, Réder D, Szegő Z, Mucsi E, Schall E, Ács K, Langó B, Purgel S, Simon K, Varga B, Vida G, Veisz O, Tömösközi S, Békés F. Investigation of Protein and Epitope Characteristics of Oats and Its Implications for Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:702352. [PMID: 34660657 PMCID: PMC8511309 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.702352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of pure oats (oats cultivated with special care to avoid gluten contamination from wheat, rye, and barley) in the gluten-free diet (GFD) represents important nutritional benefits for the celiac consumer. However, emerging evidence suggests that some oat cultivars may contain wheat gliadin analog polypeptides. Consequently, it is necessary to screen oats in terms of protein and epitope composition to be able to select safe varieties for gluten-free applications. The overall aim of our study is to investigate the variability of oat protein composition directly related to health-related and techno-functional properties. Elements of an oat sample population representing 162 cultivated varieties from 20 countries and the protein composition of resulting samples have been characterized. Size distribution of the total protein extracts has been analyzed by size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) while the 70% ethanol-extracted proteins were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Protein extracts separated into three main groups of fractions on the SE-HPLC column: polymeric proteins, avenins (both containing three subgroups based on their size), and soluble proteins, representing respectively 68.79–86.60, 8.86–27.72, and 2.89–11.85% of the total protein content. The ratio of polymeric to monomeric proteins varied between 1.37 and 3.73. Seventy-six reversed phase-HPLC-separated peaks have been differentiated from the ethanol extractable proteins of the entire population. Their distribution among the cultivars varied significantly, 6–23 peaks per cultivar. The number of appearances of peaks also showed large variation: one peak has been found in 107 samples, while 15 peaks have been identified, which appeared in less than five cultivars. An estimation method for ranking the avenin-epitope content of the samples has been developed by using MS spectrometric data of collected RP-HPLC peaks and bioinformatics methods. Using ELISA methodology with the R5 antibody, a high number of the investigated samples were found to be contaminated with wheat, barley, or rye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyvér Gell
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, EötvösLoránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary.,Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bugyi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsófia Birinyi
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, EötvösLoránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Dalma Réder
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, EötvösLoránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Szegő
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Mucsi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Schall
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ács
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Balázs Varga
- Cereal Breeding Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, EötvösLoránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gyula Vida
- Cereal Breeding Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, EötvösLoránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Ottó Veisz
- Cereal Breeding Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, EötvösLoránd Research Network, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Sándor Tömösközi
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Research Group of Cereal Science and Food Quality, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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Li Y, Shi R, Qin C, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wu Z. Gluten‐free and prebiotic oat bread: Optimization formulation by transglutaminase improvement dough structure. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food Ningbo University Meishan Campus Ningbo PR China
| | - Ranran Shi
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food Ningbo University Meishan Campus Ningbo PR China
| | - Chuan Qin
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food Ningbo University Meishan Campus Ningbo PR China
| | - Yunzhen Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food Ningbo University Meishan Campus Ningbo PR China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food Ningbo University Meishan Campus Ningbo PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food Ningbo University Meishan Campus Ningbo PR China
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Food Safety and Cross-Contamination of Gluten-Free Products: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072244. [PMID: 34210037 PMCID: PMC8308338 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the only effective treatment for celiac disease (CD); an individual’s daily intake of gluten should not exceed 10 mg. However, it is difficult to maintain a strict oral diet for life and at least one-third of patients with CD are exposed to gluten, despite their best efforts at dietary modifications. It has been demonstrated that both natural and certified gluten-free foods can be heavily contaminated with gluten well above the commonly accepted threshold of 20 mg/kg. Moreover, meals from food services such as restaurants, workplaces, and schools remain a significant risk for inadvertent gluten exposure. Other possible sources of gluten are non-certified oat products, numerous composite foods, medications, and cosmetics that unexpectedly contain “hidden” vital gluten, a proteinaceous by-product of wheat starch production. A number of immunochemical assays are commercially available worldwide to detect gluten. Each method has specific features, such as format, sample extraction buffers, extraction time and temperature, characteristics of the antibodies, recognition epitope, and the reference material used for calibration. Due to these differences and a lack of official reference material, the results of gluten quantitation may deviate systematically. In conclusion, incorrect gluten quantitation, improper product labeling, and poor consumer awareness, which results in the inadvertent intake of relatively high amounts of gluten, can be factors that compromise the health of patients with CD.
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Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030547. [PMID: 33800833 PMCID: PMC8001938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.
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Montemurro M, Pontonio E, Coda R, Rizzello CG. Plant-Based Alternatives to Yogurt: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of New Biotechnological Challenges. Foods 2021; 10:316. [PMID: 33546307 PMCID: PMC7913558 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for milk alternatives, related to both health and ethical needs, plant-based yogurt-like products have been widely explored in recent years. With the main goal to obtain snacks similar to the conventional yogurt in terms of textural and sensory properties and ability to host viable lactic acid bacteria for a long-time storage, several plant-derived ingredients (e.g., cereals, pseudocereals, legumes, and fruits) as well as technological solutions (e.g., enzymatic and thermal treatments) have been investigated. The central role of fermentation in yogurt-like production led to specific selections of lactic acid bacteria strains to be used as starters to guarantee optimal textural (e.g., through the synthesis of exo-polysaccharydes), nutritional (high protein digestibility and low content of anti-nutritional compounds), and functional (synthesis of bioactive compounds) features of the products. This review provides an overview of the novel insights on fermented yogurt-like products. The state-of-the-art on the use of unconventional ingredients, traditional and innovative biotechnological processes, and the effects of fermentation on the textural, nutritional, functional, and sensory features, and the shelf life are described. The supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics and the related health effects are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Erica Pontonio
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Rossana Coda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Mumolo MG, Rettura F, Melissari S, Costa F, Ricchiuti A, Ceccarelli L, de Bortoli N, Marchi S, Bellini M. Is Gluten the Only Culprit for Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity? Nutrients 2020; 12:E3785. [PMID: 33321805 PMCID: PMC7762999 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet (GFD) has gained increasing popularity in recent years, supported by marketing campaigns, media messages and social networks. Nevertheless, real knowledge of gluten and GF-related implications for health is still poor among the general population. The GFD has also been suggested for non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS), a clinical entity characterized by intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms induced by gluten ingestion in the absence of celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA). NCG/WS should be regarded as an "umbrella term" including a variety of different conditions where gluten is likely not the only factor responsible for triggering symptoms. Other compounds aside from gluten may be involved in the pathogenesis of NCG/WS. These include fructans, which are part of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and glyphosate. The GFD might be an appropriate dietary approach for patients with self-reported gluten/wheat-dependent symptoms. A low-FODMAP diet (LFD) should be the first dietary option for patients referring symptoms more related to FODMAPs than gluten/wheat and the second-line treatment for those with self-reported gluten/wheat-related symptoms not responding to the GFD. A personalized approach, regular follow-up and the help of a skilled dietician are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Sciences and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.M.); (S.M.); (F.C.); (A.R.); (L.C.); (N.d.B.); (S.M.); (M.B.)
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Abstract
AbstractThis article consists of a study of the literature and an assessment of available data on the production of gluten-free beer and its constituents. The article shows how the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission for Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses defines celiac disease, gluten-free products, and gluten-free beer. It describes diet-dependent diseases, which require a gluten-free diet, and groups of potential consumers of gluten-free beer. This article describes the use of oats as a raw material for the production of brewing malt and its usefulness in the production of beer. It specifies how the technological process of standard beer production needs to be modified so that the product meets the requirements of patients with celiac disease. The article also provides an overview of literature data on the production of gluten-free beer from pseudocereal malts, such as sorghum malt, buckwheat malt, amaranth malt, and quinoa malt.
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Mota J, Lima A, B. Ferreira R, Raymundo A. Lupin Seed Protein Extract Can Efficiently Enrich the Physical Properties of Cookies Prepared with Alternative Flours. Foods 2020; 9:E1064. [PMID: 32764433 PMCID: PMC7465908 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Legume proteins can be successfully used in bakery foods, like cookies, to obtain a protein-enriched product. A lupin extract (10 g/100 g) was added to gluten and gluten-free flours from different sources: rice, buckwheat, oat, kamut and spelt. The impact on the physical properties of the dough and cookies was evaluated for the different systems. Rice and buckwheat doughs were 20% firmer and 40% less cohesive than the others. The incorporation of lupin extract had a reduced impact on the shape parameters of the cookies, namely in terms of area and thickness. The texture differed over time and after eight weeks, the oat and buckwheat cookies enriched with lupin extract were significantly firmer than the cookies without lupin. The incorporation of lupin extract induced a certain golden-brown coloring on the cookies, making them more appealing: lightness (L*) values decreased, generally, for the cookies with lupin extract when compared to the controls. The aw and moisture content values were very low for all samples, suggesting a high stability food product. Hence, the addition of lupin extract brought some technological changes in the dough and cookies in all the flours tested but improved the final product quality which aligns with the trends in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Mota
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.); (R.B.F.); (A.R.)
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