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Yang Y, Chen J, Gao H, Cui M, Zhu M, Xiang X, Wang Q. Characterization of the gut microbiota and fecal and blood metabolomes under various factors in urban children from Northwest China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374544. [PMID: 38585649 PMCID: PMC10995345 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma metabolites in children from Northwest China remain unclear. Methods Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on 100 healthy volunteers aged 2-12 years. Results Age, body mass index (BMI), regular physical exercise (RPE), and delivery mode (DM) significantly affect gut microbiota and metabolites. Lactobacillus, Butyricimonas, Prevotella, Alistipes, and predicted pathway propanoate production were significantly increased with age while Bifidobacterium breve, B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, Streptococcus infantis, and carbohydrate degradation were decreased. Fecal metabolome revealed that the metabolism of caffeine, amino acids, and lipid significantly increased with age while galactose metabolism decreased. Noticeably, BMI was positively associated with pathogens including Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Parabacteroides distasonis, Ruminococcus gnavus, and amino acid metabolism but negatively associated with beneficial Akkermansia muciniphila, Alistipes finegoldii, Eubacterium ramulus, and caffeine metabolism. RPE has increased probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Anaerostipes hadrus, acetate and lactate production, and major nutrient metabolism in gut and plasma, but decreased pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia, taurine degradation, and pentose phosphate pathway. Interestingly, DM affects the gut microbiota and metabolites throughout the whole childhood. Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus mucosae, L. ruminis, primary bile acid, and neomycin biosynthesis were enriched in eutocia, while anti-inflammatory Anaerofustis stercorihominis, Agathobaculum butyriciproducens, Collinsella intestinalis, and pathogenic Streptococcus salivarius, Catabacter hongkongensis, and amino acid metabolism were enriched in Cesarean section children. Discussion Our results provided theoretical and data foundation for the gut microbiota and metabolites in preadolescent children's growth and development in Northwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Gao
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Minglu Cui
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Xiang
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Thavamani A, Sankararaman S, Al-Shakhshir H, Retuerto M, Velayuthan S, Sferra TJ, Ghannoum M. Impact of Erythromycin as a Prokinetic on the Gut Microbiome in Children with Feeding Intolerance-A Pilot Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1606. [PMID: 37998808 PMCID: PMC10668753 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome changes upon exposure to systemic antibiotics. There is a paucity of literature regarding impact on the gut microbiome by long-term usage of erythromycin ethyl succinate (EES) when utilized as a prokinetic. METHODS Stool samples from pediatric patients with feeding intolerance who received EES (N = 8) as a prokinetic were analyzed for both bacteriome and mycobiome. Age-matched children with similar clinical characteristics but without EES therapy were included as controls (N = 20). RESULTS In both groups, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla. Ascomycota was the most abundant fungal phyla, followed by Basidiomycota. There were no significant differences in richness between the groups for both bacterial and fungal microbiome. Alpha diversity (at genus and species levels) and beta diversity (at the genus level) were not significantly different between the groups for both bacterial and fungal microbiome. At the species level, there was a significant difference between the groups for fungal microbiota, with a p-value of 0.029. We also noted that many fungal microorganisms had significantly higher p-values in the EES group than controls at both genera and species levels. CONCLUSIONS In this observational case-control study, the prokinetic use of EES was associated with changes in beta diversity between the groups for mycobiome at the species level. Many fungal microorganisms were significantly higher in the EES group when compared to the controls. Confirmation of these results in larger trials will provide further evidence regarding the impact of EES on gut microbiota when utilized as a prokinetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Thavamani
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (S.V.); (T.J.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (S.V.); (T.J.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hilmi Al-Shakhshir
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA;
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Mauricio Retuerto
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Sujithra Velayuthan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (S.V.); (T.J.S.)
- Division of Pediatric Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Thomas J. Sferra
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (S.V.); (T.J.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.R.); (M.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Masetti R, Leardini D, Muratore E, Fabbrini M, D’Amico F, Zama D, Baccelli F, Gottardi F, Belotti T, Ussowicz M, Fraczkiewicz J, Cesaro S, Zecca M, Merli P, Candela M, Pession A, Locatelli F, Prete A, Brigidi P, Turroni S. Gut microbiota diversity before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a predictor of mortality in children. Blood 2023; 142:1387-1398. [PMID: 37856089 PMCID: PMC10651870 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation existing between gut microbiota diversity and survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has so far been studied in adults. Pediatric studies question whether this association applies to children as well. Stool samples from a multicenter cohort of 90 pediatric allo-HSCT recipients were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing to profile the gut microbiota and estimate diversity with the Shannon index. A global-to-local networking approach was used to characterize the ecological structure of the gut microbiota. Patients were stratified into higher- and lower-diversity groups at 2 time points: before transplantation and at neutrophil engraftment. The higher-diversity group before transplantation exhibited a higher probability of overall survival (88.9% ± 5.7% standard error [SE] vs 62.7% ± 8.2% SE; P = .011) and lower incidence of grade 2 to 4 and grade 3 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). No significant difference in relapse-free survival was observed between the 2 groups (80.0% ± 6.0% SE vs 55.4% ± 10.8% SE; P = .091). The higher-diversity group was characterized by higher relative abundances of potentially health-related microbial families, such as Ruminococcaceae and Oscillospiraceae. In contrast, the lower-diversity group showed an overabundance of Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Network analysis detected short-chain fatty acid producers, such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Bacteroides, as keystones in the higher-diversity group. Enterococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterobacter were instead the keystones detected in the lower-diversity group. These results indicate that gut microbiota diversity and composition before transplantation correlate with survival and with the likelihood of developing aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Muratore
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Microbiomics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D’Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Microbiomics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Baccelli
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gottardi
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tamara Belotti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marek Ussowicz
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jowita Fraczkiewicz
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Microbiomics Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Gan H, Su Y, Zhang L, Huang G, Lai C, Lv Y, Li Y. Questionnaire-based analysis of autism spectrum disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1120728. [PMID: 37565245 PMCID: PMC10410855 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently experienced by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and these symptoms cause difficulties for these children and their families. However, studies of GI symptom prevalence differ significantly. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the prevalence of GI symptoms in children with ASD. Methods and findings PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE were electronically searched to collect all literature on gastrointestinal symptoms of children with ASD collected through questionnaires or scales from January 2012 to May 2021. Four researchers independently scanned the literature and extracted information on general characteristics. First author name, year of publication, geographical location, type of study, sample sizes of ASD and control (if any) children, sex and average age, number of GI cases, number of GI symptoms, GI assessment tools (gastrointestinal symptoms scale), autism diagnosis methods, and other necessary data were collected and analyzed using Stata V16. The questionnaires included the Rome, 6-GSI, GIQ, GSRS, GSIQ, ADI-R, PedsQL-GI, parent-report, GI-related, and self-administered questionnaires. Compared with typically developing (TD) children, the odds ratio for In children with ASD with at least one GI symptom was 3.64, and the total prevalence was 55%. The cumulative prevalence rates of various symptoms were summarized, showing that 37% of children with ASD had constipation, 21% had abdominal pain, 19% had diarrhea, 8% had vomiting, and 23% had abdominal distension. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis on GI symptoms in ASD show that patients with ASD are more likely to develop symptoms than TD children. The prevalence of GI symptoms in In children with ASD was 55%. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier, #CRD42017080579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Gan
- Department 2nd Clinical Medical College, Organization Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department 2nd Clinical Medical College, Organization Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department 2nd Clinical Medical College, Organization Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Department 2nd Clinical Medical College, Organization Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciai Lai
- Department 2nd Clinical Medical College, Organization Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department Nanfang Hospital, Organization Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department Nanfang Hospital, Organization Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Tabassum A, Ali A, Zahedi FD, Ismail NAS. Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D on Gut Microbiome in Children. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051441. [PMID: 37239112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune system and can be linked to the alteration of the gut microbiome, which leads to several immunological diseases. This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between Vitamin D and children's gut microbiome, as well as its impact towards the immune system. We have systematically collated relevant studies from different databases concerning changes in the gut microbiome of children from infants to 18 years old associated with Vitamin D and the immunological pathways. The studies utilized 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal matter with or without Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D levels. Ten studies were selected for the review, among which eight studies showed significant alterations in the gut microbiome related to Vitamin D supplementation or Vitamin D levels. The taxa of the phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the most altered in these studies. The alteration of the taxa alters the Th1 and Th2 pathways and changes the immune response. We will discuss how Vitamin D may contribute to the activation of immune pathways via its effects on intestinal barrier function, microbiome composition, and/or direct effects on immune responses. In conclusion, the studies examined in this review have provided evidence that Vitamin D levels may have an impact on the composition of children's gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Tabassum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farah Dayana Zahedi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Hu N, Pan D, Yang Y, Pu L, He X, Wang H, Zhang X, Du Y, Yu Z, He S, Li J. Effects of common plastic products heat exposure on cognition: Mediated by gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114758. [PMID: 36907091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Considering plastic exposure patterns in modern society, the effects of exposure to leachate from boiled-water treated plastic products on cognitive function was probed in mice through changes in gut microbiota diversity. In this study, Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice were used to establish drinking water exposure models of three popular kinds of plastic products, including non-woven tea bags, food-grade plastic bags and disposable paper cups. 16S rRNA was used to detect changes in the gut microbiota of mice. Behavioral, histopathology, biochemistry, and molecular biology experiments were used to evaluate cognitive function in mice. Our results showed that the diversity and composition of gut microbiota changed at genus level compared to control group. Nonwoven tea bags-treated mice were proved an increase in Lachnospiraceae and a decreased in Muribaculaceae in gut. Alistipes was increased under the intervention of food grade plastic bags. Muribaculaceae decreased and Clostridium increased in disposable paper cups group. The new object recognition index of mice in the non-woven tea bag and disposable paper cup groups decreased, and amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and tau phosphorylation (P-tau) protein deposition. Cell damage and neuroinflammation were observed in the three intervention groups. Totally speaking, oral exposure to leachate from boiled-water treated plastic results in cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in mammals, which is likely related to MGBA and changes in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifan Hu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Degong Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Lining Pu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Yurun Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Zhenfan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Shulan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
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Gaughan S, Kyndt JA, Haas JD, Steffensen KD, Kočovský PM, Pope KL. Using the Gut Microbiome to Assess Stocking Efforts of the Endangered Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020309. [PMID: 36836665 PMCID: PMC9967686 DOI: 10.3390/life13020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The endangered Pallid Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus, has been actively managed to prevent population declines, including stocking of hatchery-raised fish. The gut microbiome plays an innate role in an organism's absorption of nutrients by increasing nutrient availability and can provide new insights for Pallid Sturgeon management. In this study, the Pallid Sturgeon's microbiome is dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria. It was also determined that the gut bacterial diversity in hatchery-raised Pallid Sturgeon was not significantly different from wild Pallid Sturgeon, supporting that hatchery-raised Pallid Sturgeon are transitioning effectively to wild diets. There is also a high degree of intraspecific variation in the bacterial and eukaryotic sequences amongst individual Pallid Sturgeon microbiomes, suggesting the Pallid Sturgeon may be omnivorous. This study demonstrated that genetic markers may be used to effectively describe the dietary requirements for wild Pallid Sturgeon and provides the first genetic evidence that Pallid Sturgeons are effectively transitioning from hatchery-raised environments to the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gaughan
- College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, Bellevue, NE 68005, USA
| | - John A Kyndt
- College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, Bellevue, NE 68005, USA
| | - Justin D Haas
- Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, NE 68501, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin L Pope
- U.S. Geological Survey-Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Natural Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Risso D, Kaczmarczyk M, Laurie I, Mah E, Blonquist TM, Derrig L, Karnik K. Moderate intakes of soluble corn fibre or inulin do not cause gastrointestinal discomfort and are well tolerated in healthy children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1104-1115. [PMID: 36245250 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2133098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of soluble corn fibre (SCF) compared with inulin in children 3-9 years old. SCF (3-8 g/d for 10d) was tolerated as well as inulin: no differences were identified in stool frequency and consistency, proportion of subjects with at least one loose stool or reporting symptoms during bowel movement. Compared to inulin, 6 g/d of SCF lowered gas severity in children aged 3-5 years old. No differences were noted for alpha and beta diversity, relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, or the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio. Relative abundance of some specific strains (i.e. Anaerostipes, Bifidobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Parabacteroides) varied depending on the fibre type and dose level. Fortification at a level of 6-8 g/d of SCF and/or inulin could help addressing the fibre gap without any GI discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Inc., Addison, IL, USA
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9
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Almutairi R, Basson AR, Wearsh P, Cominelli F, Rodriguez-Palacios A. Validity of food additive maltodextrin as placebo and effects on human gut physiology: systematic review of placebo-controlled clinical trials. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2853-2871. [PMID: 35230477 PMCID: PMC9835112 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maltodextrin (MDX) is a polysaccharide food additive commonly used as oral placebo/control to investigate treatments/interventions in humans. The aims of this study were to appraise the MDX effects on human physiology/gut microbiota, and to assess the validity of MDX as a placebo-control. METHODS We performed a systematic review of randomized-placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) where MDX was used as an orally consumed placebo. Data were extracted from study results where effects (physiological/microbial) were attributed (or not) to MDX, and from study participant outcomes data, before-and-after MDX consumption, for post-publication 're-analysis' using paired-data statistics. RESULTS Of two hundred-sixteen studies on 'MDX/microbiome', seventy RCTs (n = 70) were selected for analysis. Supporting concerns regarding the validity of MDX as a placebo, the majority of RCTs (60%, CI 95% = 0.48-0.76; n = 42/70; Fisher-exact p = 0.001, expected < 5/70) reported MDX-induced physiological (38.1%, n = 16/42; p = 0.005), microbial metabolite (19%, n = 8/42; p = 0.013), or microbiome (50%, n = 21/42; p = 0.0001) effects. MDX-induced alterations on gut microbiome included changes in the Firmicutes and/or Bacteroidetes phyla, and Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium species. Effects on various immunological, inflammatory markers, and gut function/permeability were also documented in 25.6% of the studies (n = 10/42). Notably, there was considerable variability in the direction of effects (decrease/increase), MDX dose, form (powder/pill), duration, and disease/populations studied. Overall, only 20% (n = 14/70; p = 0.026) of studies cross-referenced MDX as a justifiable/innocuous placebo, while 2.9% of studies (n = 2/70) acknowledged their data the opposite. CONCLUSION Orally-consumed MDX often (63.9% of RCTs) induces effects on human physiology/gut microbiota. Such effects question the validity of MDX as a placebo-control in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Abigail Raffner Basson
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pamela Wearsh
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Rodriguez-Palacios
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Germ-Free and Gut Microbiome Core, Cleveland Digestive Diseases Research Core Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- University Hospitals Research and Education Institute, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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10
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Iglesia Altaba I, Larqué E, Mesa MD, Blanco-Carnero JE, Gomez-Llorente C, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Moreno LA. Early Nutrition and Later Excess Adiposity during Childhood: A Narrative Review. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:112-119. [PMID: 34758469 DOI: 10.1159/000520811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on childhood obesity mainly focus on the genetic component and on the lifestyle that may be associated with the development of obesity. However, the study of perinatal factors in their programming effect toward future obesity in children or adults is somewhat more recent, and there are still mechanisms to be disentangled. SUMMARY In this narrative review, a comprehensive route based on the influence of some early factors in life in the contribution to later obesity development is presented. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain have been pointed out as independent determinants of infant later adiposity. Lifestyle interventions could have an impact on pregnant mothers through epigenetic mechanisms capable of redirecting the genetic expression of their children toward a future healthy weight and body composition and dietary-related microbiome modifications in mothers and newborns might also be related. After birth, infant feeding during the first months of life is directly associated with its body composition and nutritional status. From this point of view, all the expert committees in the world are committed to promote exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age and to continue at least until the first year of life together with complementary feeding based on healthy dietary patterns such as Mediterranean Diet. KEY MESSAGES To develop future effective programs to tackle early obesity, it is necessary not only by controlling lifestyle behaviors like infant feeding but also understanding the role of other mechanisms like the effect of perinatal factors such as maternal diet during pregnancy, epigenetics, or microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Iglesia Altaba
- Aragon Health Research Institute, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID), RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID), RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Mesa
- Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID), RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA, Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez-Martínez
- Aragon Health Research Institute, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Maternal-Infant and Developmental Health Network (SAMID), RETICS Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Aragon Health Research Institute, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, and Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Akhremchuk KV, Skapavets KY, Akhremchuk AE, Kirsanava NP, Sidarenka AV, Valentovich LN. Gut microbiome of healthy people and patients with hematological malignancies in Belarus. MICROBIOLOGY INDEPENDENT RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-18-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and the development of various diseases. We describe the intestinal microbiome of 31 healthy individuals and 29 patients who have hematological malignancies from Belarus. Bacteria that belong to Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Alistipes genera were predominant in the gut of healthy people. Based on the dominant microbiota species, two enterotype-like clusters that are driven by Bacteroides and Blautia, respectively, were identified. A significant decrease in alpha diversity and alterations in the taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota were observed in patients with hematological malignancies compared to healthy people. The microbiome of these patients contained a high proportion of Bacteroides, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Alistipes, Enterococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, Ruminococcus gnavus group, Streptococcus, and Roseburia. An increased relative abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus, Ruminococcus torques, Veillonella, Tuzzerella, Sellimonas, and a decreased number of Akkermansia, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Agathobacter, Lachnoclostridium, and Dorea were observed in individuals with hematological malignancies. Generally, the composition of the gut microbiome in patients was more variable than that of healthy individuals, and alterations in the abundance of certain microbial taxa were individually specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Akhremchuk
- The Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| | - K. Y. Skapavets
- Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology
| | - A. E. Akhremchuk
- The Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| | - N. P. Kirsanava
- Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology
| | - A. V. Sidarenka
- The Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| | - L. N. Valentovich
- The Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
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12
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Falduto M, Smedile F, Zhang M, Zheng T, Zhu J, Huang Q, Weeks R, Ermakov AM, Chikindas ML. Anti-obesity effects of Chenpi: an artificial gastrointestinal system study. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:874-885. [PMID: 35170866 PMCID: PMC8913872 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a significant role in human health; however, the complex relationship between gut microbial communities and host health is still to be thoroughly studied and understood. Microbes in the distal gut contribute to host health through the biosynthesis of vitamins and essential amino acids and the generation of important metabolic by-products from dietary components that are left undigested by the small intestine. Aged citrus peel (Chenpi) is used in traditional Chinese medicine to lower cholesterol, promote weight loss and treat various gastrointestinal symptoms. This study investigated how the microbial community changes during treatment with Chenpi using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). Two preparations of Chenpi extract were tested: Chenpi suspended in oil only and Chenpi in a viscoelastic emulsion. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured during treatment to monitor changes in the microbial community of the colon presenting a decrease in production for acetic, propionic and butyric acid (ANOVA (P < 0.001) during the 15 days of treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing of microbial samples showed a clear difference between the two treatments at the different sampling times (ANOSIM P < 0.003; ADOSIM P < 0.002 [R2 = 69%]). Beta diversity analysis by PcoA showed differences between the two Chenpi formulations for treatment day 6. These differences were no longer detectable as soon as the Chenpi treatment was stopped, showing a reversible effect of Chenpi on the human microbiome. 16S rRNA sequencing of microbial samples from the descending colon showed an increase in Firmicutes for the treatment with the viscoelastic emulsion. At the genus level, Roseburia, Blautia, Subdoligranulum and Eubacterium increased in numbers during the viscoelastic emulsion treatment. This study sheds light on the anti-obesity effect of a polymethoxyflavone (PMFs)-enriched Chenpi extract and creates a foundation for the identification of 'obesity-prevention' biomarkers in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Falduto
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Francesco Smedile
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Institute of Polar Science, Italian National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ting Zheng
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jieyu Zhu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alexey M Ermakov
- Agrobiotechnology Center, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Agrobiotechnology Center, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Singh P, Rawat A, Saadaoui M, Elhag D, Tomei S, Elanbari M, Akobeng AK, Mustafa A, Abdelgadir I, Udassi S, Hendaus MA, Al Khodor S. Tipping the Balance: Vitamin D Inadequacy in Children Impacts the Major Gut Bacterial Phyla. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020278. [PMID: 35203487 PMCID: PMC8869474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D inadequacy appears to be on the rise globally, and it has been linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis, as well as metabolic, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D concentrations are partially determined by genetic factors. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in vitamin D transport, metabolism, or binding have been found to be associated with its serum concentration, and these SNPs differ among ethnicities. Vitamin D has also been suggested to be a regulator of the gut microbiota and vitamin D deficiency as the possible cause of gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. This pilot study aims to fill the gap in our understanding of the prevalence, cause, and implications of vitamin D inadequacy in a pediatric population residing in Qatar. Blood and fecal samples were collected from healthy subjects aged 4–14 years. Blood was used to measure serum metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 25(OH)D. To evaluate the composition of the gut microbiota, fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. High levels of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency were observed in our cohort with 97% of the subjects falling into the inadequate category (with serum 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L). The CT genotype in rs12512631, an SNP in the GC gene, was associated with low serum levels of vitamin D (ANOVA, p = 0.0356) and was abundant in deficient compared to non-deficient subjects. Overall gut microbial community structure was significantly different between the deficient (D) and non-deficient (ND) groups (Bray Curtis dissimilarity p = 0.049), with deficient subjects also displaying reduced gut microbial diversity. Significant differences were observed among the two major gut phyla, Firmicutes (F) and Bacteroidetes (B), where deficient subjects displayed a higher B/F ratio (p = 0.0097) compared to ND. Vitamin D deficient children also demonstrated gut enterotypes dominated by the genus Prevotella as opposed to Bacteroides. Our findings suggest that pediatric vitamin D inadequacy significantly impacts the gut microbiota. We also highlight the importance of considering host genetics and baseline gut microbiome composition in interpreting the clinical outcomes related to vitamin D deficiency as well as designing better personalized strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Arun Rawat
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Marwa Saadaoui
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Duaa Elhag
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Sara Tomei
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Mohammed Elanbari
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
| | - Anthony K. Akobeng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar;
| | - Amira Mustafa
- Pediatric Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (A.M.); (S.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | | | - Sharda Udassi
- Pediatric Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (A.M.); (S.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Mohammed A. Hendaus
- Pediatric Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (A.M.); (S.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar; (P.S.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (D.E.); (S.T.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7397
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14
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Cai B, Yi X, Han Q, Pan J, Chen H, Sun H, Wan P. Structural characterization of oligosaccharide from Spirulina platensis and its effect on the faecal microbiota in vitro. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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O'Connor G, Watson M, Van Der Linde M, Bonner RS, Hopkins J, Saduera S. Monitor gastrointestinal tolerance in children who have switched to an "enteral formula with food-derived ingredients": A national, multicenter retrospective chart review (RICIMIX study). Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 37:929-934. [PMID: 34935190 PMCID: PMC9544717 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteral tube feeding intolerances, such as diarrhea, are commonly reported in children. In the pediatric population, interest is growing in the use of blended diets for the management of enteral feeding intolerances. Fiber within a blended diet stimulates the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, which in turn produce short‐chain fatty acids, which are utilized as energy substrates for enterocytes. Enteral formula manufacturers have responded to this trend towards “real‐food” blended diets and developed an enteral formula with food‐derived ingredients. The aim of this study was to collect data relating to feed tolerance in children who had switched to an “enteral formula with food‐derived ingredients.” Methods A national multicenter retrospective study. Results Dietitians collected data from 43 medically unwell children between March 2021 and July 2021. Significant improvements were reported in children who had switched to an “enteral formula with food‐derived ingredients” in retching 17 of 18 children (95%), flatulence 6 of 8 children (85%), loose stools 10 of 11 children (90%), and constipation 10 of 11 children (90%). These improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms were reflected in weight change during the one month period measurements were collected (baseline, 19.5 kg [SD, 9]; 1 month, 20.1 kg [SD, 9]; P = 0.002). Conclusion We have observed beneficial outcomes in medically complex children who have switched to an “enteral formula with food‐derived ingredients.” Our data should motivate healthcare professionals to implement more research to better evaluate the clinical impact and mechanisms of action of blended diets and enteral formulas with food‐derived ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme O'Connor
- Department of Dietetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Watson
- Department of Dietetics, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Van Der Linde
- Department of Dietetics, Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Shergill Bonner
- Department of Dietetics, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Hopkins
- Department of Dietetics, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharan Saduera
- Medical Affairs, Nestlé Health Science, Gatwick, United Kingdom
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16
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Risk Factors for Gut Dysbiosis in Early Life. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102066. [PMID: 34683389 PMCID: PMC8541535 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis refers to a reduction in microbial diversity, combined with a loss of beneficial taxa, and an increase in pathogenic microorganisms. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can have a substantial effect on the nervous and immune systems, contributing to the onset of several inflammatory diseases. Epidemiological studies provided insight in how changes in the living environment have contributed to an overall loss of diversity and key taxa in the gut microbiome, coinciding with increased reports of atopy and allergic diseases. The gut microbiome begins development at birth, with major transition periods occurring around the commencement of breastfeeding, and the introduction of solid foods. As such, the development of the gut microbiome remains highly plastic and easily influenced by environmental factors until around three years of age. Developing a diverse and rich gut microbiome during this sensitive period is crucial to setting up a stable gut microbiome into adulthood and to prevent gut dysbiosis. Currently, the delivery route, antibiotic exposure, and diet are the best studied drivers of gut microbiome development, as well as risk factors of gut dysbiosis during infancy. This review focuses on recent evidence regarding key environmental factors that contribute to promoting gut dysbiosis.
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17
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a heritable, multiorgan disease that impacts all tissues that normally express cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. While the importance of the airway microbiota has long been recognized, the intestinal microbiota has only recently been recognized as an important player in both intestinal and lung health outcomes for persons with CF (pwCF). Here, we summarize current literature related to the gut-lung axis in CF, with a particular focus on three key ideas: (i) mechanisms through which microbes influence the gut-lung axis, (ii) drivers of microbiota alterations, and (iii) the potential for intestinal microbiota remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover New Hampshire, USA
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18
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Solito A, Bozzi Cionci N, Calgaro M, Caputo M, Vannini L, Hasballa I, Archero F, Giglione E, Ricotti R, Walker GE, Petri A, Agosti E, Bellomo G, Aimaretti G, Bona G, Bellone S, Amoruso A, Pane M, Di Gioia D, Vitulo N, Prodam F. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 strains improved insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents with obesity in a cross-over, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4585-4594. [PMID: 34229263 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Variations in gut microbiota might impact metabolism leading to body weight excess. We assessed the impact of a probiotic supplementation in pediatric obesity on weight, metabolic alterations, selected gut microbial groups, and functionality. METHODS Cross-over, double-blind, randomized control trial (BIFI-OBESE trial; NCT03261466). 101 youths (6-18 years, Tanner stage ≥2) with obesity and insulin-resistance on diet were randomized to 2 × 109 CFU/AFU/day of Bifidobacterium breve BR03 (DSM 16604) and B. breve B632 (DSM 24706) (51) or placebo (50) for 8 weeks with a 4-weeks wash-out period. RESULTS All subjects (M/F 54/47) completed the first 8 weeks, and 82 (M/F 43/39) the last part without adverse events. Mixed-effects models revealed a carry-over effect on many variables in the entire study, narrowing the analysis to the first 8 weeks before the wash-out periods. All subjects improved metabolic parameters, and decreased weight and Escherichia coli counts. Probiotics improved insulin sensitivity at fasting (QUICKI, 0.013 CI95%0.0-0.03) and during OGTT (ISI, 0.654 CI95%-0.11-1.41). Cytokines, GLP1, and target microbial counts did not vary. Of 25 SCFAs, acetic acid and acetic acid pentyl-ester relative abundance remained stable in the probiotics, while increased in the placebo (p < 0.02). A signature of five butanoic esters identified three clusters, one of them had better glucose responses during probiotics. CONCLUSION An 8 weeks treatment with B. breve BR03 and B632 had beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity in youths with obesity. Microbiota functionality could influence metabolic answers to probiotics. Long-term studies to confirm and enrich our findings are justified. Tailored probiotic treatments could be an additional strategy for obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03261466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Solito
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Calgaro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Caputo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy; SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Iderina Hasballa
- SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Francesca Archero
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Enza Giglione
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricotti
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Petri
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agosti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bellomo
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | | | | | - Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy; SCDU Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy.
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19
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Prado Acosta M, Goyette-Desjardins G, Scheffel J, Dudeck A, Ruland J, Lepenies B. S-Layer From Lactobacillus brevis Modulates Antigen-Presenting Cell Functions via the Mincle-Syk-Card9 Axis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:602067. [PMID: 33732234 PMCID: PMC7957004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.602067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that are crucial in the innate immune response. The gastrointestinal tract contributes significantly to the maintenance of immune homeostasis; it is the shelter for billions of microorganisms including many genera of Lactobacillus sp. Previously, it was shown that host-CLR interactions with gut microbiota play a crucial role in this context. The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a Syk-coupled CLR that contributes to sensing of mucosa-associated commensals. In this study, we identified Mincle as a receptor for the Surface (S)-layer of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus brevis modulating GM-CSF bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) functions. We found that the S-layer/Mincle interaction led to a balanced cytokine response in BMDCs by triggering the release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, BMDCs derived from Mincle−/−, CARD9−/− or conditional Syk−/− mice failed to maintain this balance, thus leading to an increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, whereas the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were markedly decreased. Importantly, this was accompanied by an altered CD4+ T cell priming capacity of Mincle−/− BMDCs resulting in an increased CD4+ T cell IFN-γ production upon stimulation with L. brevis S-layer. Our results contribute to the understanding of how commensal bacteria regulate antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions and highlight the importance of the Mincle/Syk/Card9 axis in APCs as a key factor in host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Prado Acosta
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Egan M, Dempsey E, Ryan CA, Ross RP, Stanton C. The Sporobiota of the Human Gut. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-17. [PMID: 33406976 PMCID: PMC7801112 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1863134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a diverse and complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in health and disease. The composition of the gut microbiome has been well studied across all stages of life. In recent years, studies have investigated the production of endospores by specific members of the gut microbiome. An endospore is a tough, dormant structure formed by members of the Firmicutes phylum, which allows for greater resistance to otherwise inhospitable conditions. This innate resistance has consequences for human health and disease, as well as in biotechnology. In particular, the formation of endospores is strongly linked to antibiotic resistance and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, also known as the resistome. The term sporobiota has been used to define the spore-forming cohort of a microbial community. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the sporobiota in the human gut. We discuss the development of the sporobiota in the infant gut and the perinatal factors that may have an effect on vertical transmission from mother to infant. Finally, we examine the sporobiota of critically important food sources for the developing infant, breast milk and powdered infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Egan
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Angurana S, Mehta A. Probiotics in critically ill children: An updated review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_73_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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22
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Abstract
The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly progressing, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Various antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs and immunomodulators have been tried without substantial clinical benefits. The severe and critical cases of COVID-19 disease are characterised by gut microbiome dysbiosis, immune dysregulation, hyper-inflammation and hypercytokinaemia (cytokine storm). Therefore, the strategies which target these pathophysiological processes may be beneficial. Probiotics are one such strategy that exerts beneficial effects by manipulation of the gut microbiota, suppression of opportunistic pathogens in the gut, decreasing translocation of opportunistic organisms, activation of mucosal immunity and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. Probiotics are the potential candidates to be tested in moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 due to several beneficial effects, including easy availability, easy to administer, safe and economical to use.
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23
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Vacca M, Celano G, Calabrese FM, Portincasa P, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E573. [PMID: 32326636 PMCID: PMC7232163 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 184.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core of gut microbiota, colonizing the intestinal lumen from birth and increasing, in terms of species richness and their relative abundances during the host's life. Although, members of Lachnospiraceae are among the main producers of short-chain fatty acids, different taxa of Lachnospiraceae are also associated with different intra- and extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on the host physiology is often inconsistent across different studies. Here, we discuss changes in Lachnospiraceae abundances according to health and disease. With the aim of harnessing Lachnospiraceae to promote human health, we also analyze how nutrients from the host diet can influence their growth and how their metabolites can, in turn, influence host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.); (M.D.A.)
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24
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Liu X, Lv Q, Ren H, Gao L, Zhao P, Yang X, Yang G, Xu D, Wang G, Yang W, Wang P, Wang Z, Xing S. The altered gut microbiota of high-purine-induced hyperuricemia rats and its correlation with hyperuricemia. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8664. [PMID: 32185104 PMCID: PMC7061907 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies on the hyperuricemia (HUA) have focused on intestinal bacteria. To better understand the correlation between gut microbiota and HUA, we established a HUA rat model with high-purine diet, and used 16S rRNA genes sequencing to analyze gut microbiota changes in HUA rats. To analyze the potential role played by gut microbiota in HUA, we altered the gut microbiota of HUA rats with antibiotics, and compared the degree of uric acid elevation between HUA and antibiotic-fed HUA rats (Ab+HUA). Finally, we established a recipient rat model, in which we transplanted fecal microbiota of HUA and normal rats into recipient rats. Three weeks later, we compared the uric acid content of recipient rats. As a result, the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota had changed in HUA rats. The Ab-fed HUA rats had significantly lower uric acid content compared to the HUA rats, and gut microbiota from HUA rats increased uric acid content of recipient rats. The genera Vallitalea, Christensenella and Insolitispirillum may associate with HUA. Our findings highlight the association between gut microbiota and HUA, and the potential role played by gut microbiota in HUA. We hope that this finding will promote the isolation and culture of HUA-related bacteria and orient HUA-related studies from being correlational to mechanistic. These steps will therefore make it possible for us to treat HUA using gut microbiota as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiulan Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- Shanghai Itechgene Technology Co.,Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Gao
- Medical Department of 3SBio Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Daxing Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangtao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zenglan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shichao Xing
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao, China.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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