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Tsigalou C, Paraschaki A, Karvelas A, Kantartzi K, Gagali K, Tsairidis D, Bezirtzoglou E. Gut microbiome and Mediterranean diet in the context of obesity. Current knowledge, perspectives and potential therapeutic targets. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100081. [PMID: 33644741 PMCID: PMC7892986 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet has been recognized as one of the healthiest and sustainable dietary patterns worldwide, based on the food habits of people living in the Mediterranean region. It is focused on a plant-based cuisine combining local agricultural products and moderate intake of fish. As eating habits seem to exert a major impact on the composition of gut microbiota, numerous studies show that an adherence to the Mediterranean diet positively influences the microbiome ecosystem network. This has a profound effect on multiple host metabolic pathways and plays a major role in immune and metabolic homeostasis. Among metabolic disorders, obesity represents a major health issue where Mediterranean Dietary regime could possibly slowdown its spread. The aim of this review is to emphasize the interaction between diet and gut microbiota and the potential beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet on metabolic disorders like obesity, which is responsible for the development of many noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana Campus, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Afroditi Paraschaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana Campus, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Alexandros Karvelas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana Campus, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kantartzi
- Department of Nephrology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Kenan Gagali
- University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana Campus, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsairidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
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López-Olmedo N, Jonnalagadda S, Basto-Abreu A, Reyes-García A, Alish CJ, Shamah-Levy T, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Adults by Diabetes Status: Results From the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3464. [PMID: 33198057 PMCID: PMC7697878 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to compare the adherence to dietary guidelines and evaluate potential differences in nutrient profiles among adults by diabetes status. We used the Mexican Alternate Healthy Eating Index (MxAHEI) to evaluate adherence to dietary guidelines. We calculated the MxAHEI scores (total and by dietary component) with scales from 0 (non-adherence) to 100 (perfect adherence) based on a food frequency questionnaire. Mean daily intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients (g, mg, mcg/1000 kcal per day) were also estimated by diabetes status. Sex-specific, multivariable linear regression models were estimated to test whether MxAHEI scores as well as nutrient intakes were different by diabetes status. Mexican adults had low adherence to the dietary guidelines irrespective of their diabetes status (score < 50 points). Among men, the MxAHEI score was 2.6 points higher among those with diabetes than those without diabetes (46.9; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 44.6, 49.2 vs. 44.3; 95% CI: 44.2, 45.6, respectively). Among women, the total MxAHEI score was similar in individuals with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. Lower intakes of carbohydrates and added sugars and higher intakes of protein, calcium, and zinc were observed in individuals with diabetes. Our findings support the development of strategies focused on promoting dietary patterns that can help to prevent and control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (N.L.-O.); (A.B.-A.); (A.R.-G.)
| | | | - Ana Basto-Abreu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (N.L.-O.); (A.B.-A.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Alan Reyes-García
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (N.L.-O.); (A.B.-A.); (A.R.-G.)
| | | | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico;
| | - Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; (N.L.-O.); (A.B.-A.); (A.R.-G.)
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Andreoli B, Mantovani A, Andreoli C. Type 2 Diabetes, sarcopenic obesity and Mediterranean food pattern: Considerations about the therapeutic effect and the problem of maintaining weight loss and healthy habits. The outpatient experience of two clinical cases. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecr.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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