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Huebbe P, Bilke S, Rueter J, Schloesser A, Campbel G, Glüer CC, Lucius R, Röcken C, Tholey A, Rimbach G. Human APOE4 Protects High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet Fed Targeted Replacement Mice against Fatty Liver Disease Compared to APOE3. Aging Dis 2024; 15:259-281. [PMID: 37450924 PMCID: PMC10796091 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome- and exome-wide association studies suggest that the human APOE ε4 allele protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while ε3 promotes hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis. The present study aimed at examining the APOE genotype-dependent development of fatty liver disease and its underlying mechanisms in a targeted replacement mouse model. Male mice expressing the human APOE3 or APOE4 protein isoforms on a C57BL/6J background and unmodified C57BL/6J mice were chronically fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet to induce obesity. After 7 months, body weight gain was more pronounced in human APOE than endogenous APOE expressing mice with elevated plasma biomarkers suggesting aggravated metabolic dysfunction. APOE3 mice exhibited the highest liver weights and, compared to APOE4, massive hepatic steatosis. An untargeted quantitative proteome analysis of the liver identified a high number of proteins differentially abundant in APOE3 versus APOE4 mice. The majority of the higher abundant proteins in APOE3 mice could be grouped to inflammation and damage-associated response, and lipid storage, amongst others. Results of the targeted qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses contribute to the overall finding that APOE3 as opposed to APOE4 promotes hepatic steatosis, inflammatory- and damage-associated response signaling and fibrosis in the liver of obese mice. Our experimental data substantiate the observation of an increased NAFLD-risk associated with the human APOEε3 allele, while APOEε4 appears protective. The underlying mechanisms of the protection possibly involve a higher capacity of nonectopic lipid deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue and lower hepatic pathogen recognition in the APOE4 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Bilke
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Kiel University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johanna Rueter
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anke Schloesser
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Graeme Campbel
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Claus-C. Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Kiel University, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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Transcriptome Analysis of Protection by Dendrobium Nobile Alkaloids (DNLA) against Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112800. [PMID: 36359319 PMCID: PMC9687597 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) against chronic alcoholic liver injury. C57BL/6J mice were fed with the Lieber−DeCarli alcohol diet to induce chronic alcoholic liver injury. DNLA (20 mg/kg/day) was gavaged along with the alcohol diet for 28 days. Liver injury was evaluated by serum enzymes. Triglyceride levels, histopathology, and transcriptome changes were examined by RNA-Seq and qPCR. DNLA decreased serum triglyceride levels in mice receiving alcohol. Hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis were ameliorated by DNLA, as evidenced by H&E and Oil-red O staining. DNLA brought the alcohol-induced aberrant gene expression pattern towards normal. Alcohol induced 787 differentially expressed genes (padj < 0.01). DNLA induced 280 differentially expressed genes to a much less extent. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that DNLA ameliorated alcohol-induced oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism disruption. qPCR verified that DNLA alleviated over-activation of Cyp2a4, Cyp2b10, and Abcc4; attenuated oxidative stress (Hmox1, Gstm3, Nupr1), reduced the expression of Nrf2 genes (Nqo1, Gclc, Vldlr); and rescued some metabolic genes (Insig1, Xbp1, Socs3, Slc10a2). In conclusion, DNLA was effective against alcohol-induced fatty liver disease, and the protection may be attributed to alleviated oxidative stress and restored metabolism homeostasis, probably through modulating nuclear receptor CAR-, PXR-, and Nrf2-mediated gene expression pathways.
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Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Alters the Expression of Male Mouse Scent Proteins. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061180. [PMID: 34205512 PMCID: PMC8234142 DOI: 10.3390/v13061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature male mice produce a particularly high concentration of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in their scent marks that provide identity and status information to conspecifics. Darcin (MUP20) is inherently attractive to females and, by inducing rapid associative learning, leads to specific attraction to the individual male’s odour and location. Other polymorphic central MUPs, produced at much higher abundance, bind volatile ligands that are slowly released from a male’s scent marks, forming the male’s individual odour that females learn. Here, we show that infection of C57BL/6 males with LCMV WE variants (v2.2 or v54) alters MUP expression according to a male’s infection status and ability to clear the virus. MUP output is substantially reduced during acute adult infection with LCMV WE v2.2 and when males are persistently infected with LCMV WE v2.2 or v54. Infection differentially alters expression of darcin and, particularly, suppresses expression of a male’s central MUP signature. However, following clearance of acute v2.2 infection through a robust virus-specific CD8 cytotoxic T cell response that leads to immunity to the virus, males regain their normal mature male MUP pattern and exhibit enhanced MUP output by 30 days post-infection relative to uninfected controls. We discuss the likely impact of these changes in male MUP signals on female attraction and mate selection. As LCMV infection during pregnancy can substantially reduce embryo survival and lead to lifelong infection in surviving offspring, we speculate that females use LCMV-induced changes in MUP expression both to avoid direct infection from a male and to select mates able to develop immunity to local variants that will be inherited by their offspring.
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Okuyama T, Shirakawa J, Tajima K, Ino Y, Vethe H, Togashi Y, Kyohara M, Inoue R, Miyashita D, Li J, Goto N, Ichikawa T, Yamasaki S, Ohnuma H, Takayanagi R, Kimura Y, Hirano H, Terauchi Y. Linagliptin Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis via Non-Canonical Mechanisms in Mice Treated with a Dual Inhibitor of Insulin Receptor and IGF-1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217815. [PMID: 33105604 PMCID: PMC7672621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal hepatic insulin signaling is a cause or consequence of hepatic steatosis. DPP-4 inhibitors might be protective against fatty liver. We previously reported that the systemic inhibition of insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) by the administration of OSI-906 (linsitinib), a dual IR/IGF1R inhibitor, induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and lipoatrophy in mice. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, on hepatic steatosis in OSI-906-treated mice. Unlike high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, OSI-906-induced hepatic steatosis is not characterized by elevations in inflammatory responses or oxidative stress levels. Linagliptin improved OSI-906-induced hepatic steatosis via an insulin-signaling-independent pathway, without altering glucose levels, free fatty acid levels, gluconeogenic gene expressions in the liver, or visceral fat atrophy. Hepatic quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses revealed that perilipin-2 (PLIN2), major urinary protein 20 (MUP20), cytochrome P450 2b10 (CYP2B10), and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) are possibly involved in the process of the amelioration of hepatic steatosis by linagliptin. Thus, linagliptin improved hepatic steatosis induced by IR and IGF1R inhibition via a previously unknown mechanism that did not involve gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, or inflammation, suggesting the non-canonical actions of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of hepatic steatosis under insulin-resistant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
- Laboratory and Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8850
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
- Laboratory and Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jinghe Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
- Laboratory and Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan
| | - Nozomi Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Taiga Ichikawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Shingo Yamasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Haruka Ohnuma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Rie Takayanagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Graduate School of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan;
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.O.); (K.T.); (Y.T.); (M.K.); (R.I.); (D.M.); (J.L.); (N.G.); (T.I.); (S.Y.); (H.O.); (R.T.); (Y.T.)
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